RFID in Food Traceability and Container Security

Transcription

1 RFID in Food Traceability and Container Security Andre Poucet European Commission - Joint Research Centre Institute for Protection and Security of the Citizen Traceability and vulnerability assessment unit

2 Why animal identification and registration? Management of subsidies provided under the Common Agricultural Policy (based on animal age, species, breeding type and number of animals on farm) Control of contagious diseases and rapid tracing of animals in case of outbreak (BSE, scrapies, FMD) Farm management and production control (milk recording, automatic weighing,...)

3 European Directive 92/102/CEE of 1992 (Animal Identification and Registration) Article 10: Not later than 31 December 1996 the Council will review the provisions of the Directive with a view to defining a harmonized Community identification and registration system and shall decide on the possibility of introducing electronic identification devices in the light of the progress achieved in this field by the International Standards Organization (ISO) References to RFID in EU documents Council Regulation (CE) 1760/2000 (Bovine Identification and Registration) Article 4: Not later than 31 December 2000, the Council, acting on the basis of a report from the Commission accompanied by any eventual proposals, shall decide on the possibility of introducing electronic identification devices in the light of the progress achieved in this field SANCO Regulation Com 2002/0729 (Ovine and Caprine Individual Identification and Registration)

4 Conventional Animal ID Systems Plastic eartags,, tattoos, cuts, ink, etc... Inconveniences of these systems: - Loss, breakage, alterations - Difficult to read when ageing - Slow reading and risk of errors

5 Electronic Identifiers Active systems: small radio-transmitters Passive systems: transponders 134 khz technology 13 MHz technology Programmable Read Only, WORM Ideal features low cost no battery Selected for animal tagging short reading time sufficient reading distance standardised (cross compatibility)

6 Electronic Animal Identification System RF Wave 3) Antenna 1) Passive transponder khz 2) RF Module Power Read Scan 5) Database 4) Computer

7 Electronic Identification Device Types Injectable Transponder Electronic Eartag Ruminal Bolus

8 JRC projects on Animal Identification FEOGA Project (CT. 342, 93-94): Study on 10,000 passive transponders ( micro-chips ) injected under the skin in sheep (5,000), bovines (3,000) and goats (2,000) to evaluate injection sites, to perform preliminary trials with ruminal bolus. Project AIR3 (CT. 2304, 95-97): partly continuation of FEOGA project to investigate long term performance, partly extension to animals leading the way to a large scale experiment IDEA project ( ): to study, on a large scale (1 million animals) the key parameters, performance and needed organisational structure for the implementation of an unique Electronic Identification system in EU livestock

9 Key elements of IDEA Project Countries Animal Items Electronic Devices Human Resources France Germany Netherlands Italy Portugal Spain Animals 4 Species 10 Breeding Types 46 Breeding Assoc Farms 76 Slaughterhouses Boluses Eartags Injectables 224 Static Readers 1046 Portable Read Farm Readers 221 Computers 53 Identification Teams (2 persons/team) 52 Control Teams (1p) 26 Recovery Teams (1p) 24 Project Coordinators 10 Project Managers

10 Introduction of a Ruminal Bolus

11 Static Reading of Electronic Tags

12 Static Readers

13 Dynamic Reading of Electronic Tags

14 Dynamic Readers and Antennae

15 - Carcass traceability: Other elements of farm to fork traceability - Electronic Passport: Smart cards selection including security aspects, Contents, application in real conditions. - Adaptation of tags and readers to carcass labeling - Development of informatics tools (programming, data transfer ) - In field tests, in-field measurements

16 EID + DNA Tracing: ID Transfer System Electronic ID code + Biological Sample Nº: References: Genetic Identity Verification Identity transfer EID - Label Identity transfer Label - Label EID Animal Labelling System

17 Container seals today Several examples of commercial seals in use today. Seals are based on a locking system, the identification is the number printed on the seal. The cost is very low. But also the level of security is limited.

18 Container sealing vulnerabilities

19 Technologies that could enhance container security Information systems and risk assessment IT Systems to enhance traceability Data sharing E-seals, RFID s Sensors and smart containers Common criteria Performance reqs. Interoperability Tech.Standards Scanning equipment at e.g. harbors X-ray machines Active and passive neutron detection devices Gamma spectrometry

20 RFID s and containers First level of security: Self authenticating (multi-transponder) seal in the form of solid steel bolt or clamp or a seal based on pressure sensor to secure the container door. Additional level of security: Remote monitoring system integrating main door seals with additional sensors inside the container. A data logger to store sensors alarms A GSM modem to transmit in real time. On line database to manage the identification data and the alarms.

21 Seals for container security & related costs Standard commercial seal modified to include one passive transponder as an identifier. Estimated cost for an industrialized product about 5 euro Self authenticating seals with multiple transponders A transponder to indicate tampering A programmable transponder to record the seal history e.g. events and trajectory data Estimated cost for an industrialized product about 30 to 40 euro

22 Seals: different levels of container security & related costs Standard commercial seal modified to include one programmable passive transponder. Estimated cost for an industrialized product: ~ 5 euro Self authenticating seal with multiple transponders (one programmable: Estimated cost for an industrialized product: ~ 30 euro Self authenticating seal with transponder and pressure sensor Estimated cost for an industrialized product: ~ 40 euro

23 Smart container Volumetric, temperature sensors Data logger GSM Modem Smart seal

24 Event notification: real time and/or stored on local logger GSM / UMTS network Monitoring station (cell phone) Commercial container equipped with alarm system Monitoring station (PC) 2

25 THANK YOU For more information Dr. Andre Poucet Head of Unit IPSC/G7 "Traceability and Vulnerability Assessment" Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC) European Commission - Joint Research Centre I Ispra, Italy Tel.: Fax.: Andre.Poucet@cec.eu.int Animal tagging: Container security: