Urban transport governance & financing

Transcription

1 Urban transport governance & financing Murtaza Haider, Ph.D. Associate Professor Director, Institute of Housing and Mobility Ted Rogers School of Retail Management Ryerson University

2 Outline Governance of transport Transport system hierarchies Passenger / Freight Public transport / Private transportation Capital spending versus operating spending Governance/management challenges in South Asia Regulation versus management Demand versus supply side challenges Management of transport systems Day-to-day running of transport systems (public and private) Experience in Lahore and Rawalpindi Institutional development in Punjab MUTCD development in Punjab Development of transport systems Infrastructure finance Equity / Efficiency tradeoffs Mode wars: Canada (HSR & Airport link), New Delhi, Lahore, Karachi Research needs and gaps

3 Transport system hierarchies Transport is organized under various hierarchies Passenger / Freight Public transport / Private transportation Capital spending versus operating spending Urban versus rural Capital expenditure versus traffic management costs Cross-cutting issues Managing public transit / financing public transit Today s presentation Urban Passenger Infrastructure financing & traffic management

4 Management versus Governance of transport systems First: regulation versus management Focus has been on state s role as a regulatory authority and then its limited success in regulation Managing transport systems has rarely been discussed Producing transport managers has not been a priority How does transport management differs from transport planning? Governance Regulation Setting standards Infrastructure development/financing Capacity building Management Enforcement Analysis & feedback Involving various stakeholders in managing transport systems

5 Governance/management challenges in South Asia Transport Challenges in South Asia Demand side challenges The usual suspects Supply side challenges Governance issues that are seldom addressed

6 Demand side challenges Inadequate Mass Transit Aggressive commuters and chronic non-compliance with traffic laws/contempt for authority Improper transport facilities Lack of proper bus bays and bus/wagon stations/depots/workshops Lack of taxi, rickshaw, and horse-driven carriage depots Parking shortages at work and retail locations Mixed traffic (motorised and non-motorised) Passenger Freight Engineering flaws 11 crossings on a 3 mile stretch on Mall Road VIP interference with traffic Lack of community outreach and/or participation

7 Supply side challenges Lack of Institutional Frameworks Issues related with jurisdiction, mandate, and capacity Lack of coordination between transport authorities/utilities Conflicting mandates Who does what? SWOT analysis of transport authorities and public sector agencies Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

8 Bus Franchising in Rawalpindi: Varan Transit Background Governance Constitutional flaw Regulatory framework non existent Conflict of interest of regulators/police Para transit Operators No input for franchising, disenfranchised Not interested in quality transit operations Rioting etc. Management Implementation flaws Market analysis Fleet and depot location, etc. Franchiser lacked transit management experience Commuter concerns Fare structure Over crowding and wait times Safety Subsidized fares for students College buses, school systems etc.

9 Management: Market-based solutions From challenges to management solutions Management Lack of adequate parking leads to illegal parking Develop market-based solutions for parking structures Lack of bus stops, taxi/suzuki/tonga stands creates conflicts on major arterials Allow private developers to develop/manage adequate bus stops/bays Provide city land for commercial vehicle stands. Private sector to finance traffic warden stands

10 Institutional setups Dismantle District Regional Transport Authorities (DRTAs) Replace DRTAs with Metropolitan Transport Authorities (MTA) Entrust MTA with overall transport planning including public transit Defining roles and responsibilities Planning TEPA/ Urban Unit Undertaking infrastructure development Local Government Enforcement of traffic laws and anti-encroachment City Police Public transit and parking Private Sector Community outreach All Coordination A coordinating committee to liaise between transport authorities A coordinating committee to liaise with utilities Capacity Building Communicating needs to the provincial and federal governments Reach out to bi-lateral and international donors for support

11 Governance: Enhance Planning Abilities Management relies on data Empirical evaluation is the base of analytics required for proposing interventions Data collection Working with civil society, colleges, and universities Identify bottlenecks within the city Conduct intersection, cordon/screen counts and parking census Develop GIS-based municipal database system to archive data Develop internal land use databases Obtain data from PCO (City District reports), Statistics Division, NADRA Data Analysis Develop insights into the reasons behind traffic problems Develop and propose alternative scenarios for intervention Communicate results to all stakeholders Community outreach Bringing masses on line Do not develop infrastructure without holding public hearings Ensure citizen input in public decision-making

12 Traffic management in Lahore Urban Unit Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices Traffic management 2,800 traffic wardens replaced Police Highly educated Managed professionally SP Traffic Cant. uses advanced databases Dr. Gulab Singh in Lahore

13 Transport Infrastructure development/financing Substance and spin in mega project finance (Flyvjberg) The global tale of facts and fiction Underestimated costs Overestimated benefits Lack of transparency and due process Influencing by interest groups and lobbyists Bus versus Rail Motorised versus non-motorised commuting Examples from Canada Montreal subway extension High Speed Rail between Montreal and Toronto Linking downtown Toronto to the Airport Examples from South Asia Delhi Metro Karachi Meglev Lahore Metro

14 Infrastructure development in South Asia Transit demand is huge Non-motorized travel is a significant segment of the travel demand Transport infrastructure is primarily being developed for automobiles With public transit, the focus is on rail Equity/Efficiency dilemma More visibility of rail for politicians Export credit agencies meddling with the future welfare of South Asian towns Rail Handicaps No redundancy in train Poor route selection for rail is almost impossible to fix later Metro provides a sense of pride Poor planning regimes and data in South Asia Good data didn t help the western economies to plan better No public participation or transparency

15 Research Gaps to meet needs Revisiting needs Governance Focus on infrastructure and not on governance Curitiba BRT and the governance structure Institutional setup lacking Capacity versus mandates Management Needs at the local government level Skilled staff (Traffic managers needed) GIS and other transport software Budget for collecting socio-demographic data and traffic counts Support for upgrading of skills Develop in-house analytical capabilities Market-based solutions Private sector Management experience lacking amongst private operators of transit Lagging in providing market solutions: Parking lots, transit depots

16 Research Gaps Universities need to impart more management / governance skills by revamping their curricula Need to move beyond traffic engineering to appreciate the cultural contexts in which transport has to be managed Engage in research that addresses the needs for managing and governing transport systems More research in institutional setups for better governance More research in integrating private sector in traffic management More research in Infrastructure finance More research in market analysis: fare structures, demand elasticities New Institutions needed Create Data Banks Federation of Municipalities for knowledge sharing