RC Nuclear Disaster Resource Center -Background, Achievement, Collaboration-

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1 RC Nuclear Disaster Resource Center -Background, Achievement, Collaboration- 22. Sep Mitsuhiro FUJIMAKI Japanese Red Cross Society

2 Outline RC Nuclear Disaster Resource Center NDRC is not an official reference center approved by IFRC Governing Board Established after IFRC resolution(11/46) Preparedness to respond to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear accidents Run and stationed by/in Japanese RC but operational budget has been contributed from recovery fund donated after GEJE 2011 RC Nuclear Disaster Resource Center One department in DM JRCS Main body of JRCS for RN disaster preparedness Established at Oct line managers and 3 full time staff Annual budget:860,000usd for 2016 Digital archives run by NDRC Disseminating information of JRCS activities toward RN preparedness Established at Oct 2013 Networking information between authorities and organization Access to 1,900 articles, documents, website in English and Japanese Maintenance, design, translation and formulation of website are outsourced Annual budget:450,000usd for

3 Timeline Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident and response Fukushima NPP accident & evacuation JRCS deployment of relief teams March 11, 2011 March 12 March 13 March 14 14:46 Massive earthquake (M9.0) occurred. 15:37 F1 NPP lost its power source to cool down nuclear fuel rod due to Tsunami 19:03 Declaration of Nuclear Emergency 21:23 Evacuation order to residents within 3km radius of NPP 16:30 JRCS DMATs and RTs began to be deployed from across Japan. 15:36 Hydrogen explosion at Unit 1 5:44 Evacuation order to residents within 10km radius 18:25 Evacuation order to residents within 20km radius 16:40 Decisions were made to relocate RTs to gain distance from the NPP 16:00 12 JRCS DMATs and RTs were deployed in Fukushima. 10:00 Fukushima Chapter ordered all RTs deployed in Fukushima to return to the chapter. 12:00 19:00 RTs began to travel Fukushima to Nihonmatsu for Chapter body contamination cancelled screening. requests for RT deployment from other chapters. 18:01 Hydrogen explosion at Unit 3 Residents evacuated amid confusion as the evacuation order expanded to a wider area. All RTs from other chapters temporarily left Fukushima. Only Fukushima Red Cross Hospital RTs continued relief activities.

4 Nuclear Disaster Preparedness by the JRCS The JRCS has made efforts to prepare for nuclear disaster response based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi accident, and a resolution on preparedness to respond to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear accidents adopted at the General Assembly of the IFRC in November Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident IFRC GA Resolution to enhance preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergencies JRCS Manual for Relief Activities under Nuclear Disasters Establishment of NDRC/Digital Archive Procurement & Delivery of radiation protective equipment and materials for each chapter completed Establish a network among Japanese Red Cross radiation emergency hospitals/radiation Emergency Medicine Advisors JRCS Nuclear Disaster Basic Training Session for relief team members JRCS Nuclear Disaster Guidelines for Preparedness, Response and Recovery developed 3

5 JRCS Codes - Guidelines The experiences and reflections of the activities during & after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. Lack of knowledge on radiation, equipment and materials; no safety guidelines for staff, etc. JRCS Nuclear Disaster Guidelines for Preparedness, Response and Recovery was developed. (March 2015) <Main Purpose> - To protect lives, health and safety of affected people; - To secure Staff Safety <Target audience> - JRCS staff; - JRCS volunteers, etc. Committee for the Guidelines Consists of experts outside of JRCS (physicians and radiological technologists, etc.) and JRCS staff who engaged in relief activities. 11 members in total; Had discussion from March to December

6 JRCS Codes -Guidelines Work outside the restricted area (evacuation order area) Keep cumulative radiation dose below 1 msv. Consultation mechanism/radiological Emergency Medical Advisor Actions, Considerations in Preparedness, Response, Recovery phase First aid station Evacuation Restricted area (Evacuation order area) Residents near the plant Nuclear power plant Medical relief by relief teams Shelter Response to evacuees by relief teams 5

7 Stockpile of Radiation protective gears & equipment 1. Type of Radiation measurement equipment (1) Measurement equipment for ambient dose rate: Ionization chamber survey meter ICS-323C to measure how much radiation is in the environment. (2) Measurement equipment for surface contamination: GM survey meter TGS-146B to check how much/where surface in contaminated. (3) Measurement equipment for personal radiation dose: personal dosimeters PDM-222VB to measure personal radiation dose throughout the mission and record/alert. 2. Radiation protective gear To prevent radioactive materials from attaching to the body and entering into the body. Example of protective gear: Hooded protective clothing Dust mask with filter Protective goggles Gloves (cotton gloves and contamination protective rubber gloves) Shoe covers Tape to fill spaces Ionization chamber survey meter (ambient dose rate) GM survey meter (surface contamination) Personal dosimeter (personal radiation dose)

8 Allocation of radiation protective gears & equipment for JRCS staff JRCS divides whole Japanese land into five operational blocks. Each of protective/measurement equipment are placed on each block. JRCS HQs and as whole JRCS Digital personal dosimeter 66 2,035 Ionization chamber type survey meter 3 50 GM survey meter 3 10 Set of protective gear 531 2,500 5 th Block Digital personal dosimeter 322 Ionization chamber type survey meter GM survey meter 1 Set of protective gear Digital personal dosimeter 273 Ionization chamber type survey meter GM survey meter 1 Set of protective gear st Block Digital personal dosimeter 310 Ionization chamber type survey meter GM survey meter 2 Set of protective gear 310 Digital personal dosimeter 476 Ionization chamber type survey meter GM survey meter th Block Digital personal dosimeter 203 Ionization chamber type survey meter GM survey meter 1 Set of protective gear rd Block Digital personal dosimeter 385 Ionization chamber type survey meter GM survey meter 1 Set of protective gear Set of protective gear 476 Block representative chapter

9 Major nuclear power facilities in Japan In Japan, there are 43 operable nuclear reactors in nuclear power plants in 16 locations. The government stopped all operating NPP after Fukushima NPP accident and checked whole plant under more strict safety standards. At this moment, Sendai and Ikata NPP are only two commercially operating NPP. Tomari NPP Locations of major nuclear facilities Higashidori NPP NPP Reactor for research Fuel processing facilities, etc. Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPP Shika NPP Tsuruga NPP Mihama NPP Ohi NPP Takahama NPP Shimane NPP Onagawa NPP Fukushima Daiichi NPP Fukushima Daini NPP Tokai Daini NPP Genkai NPP Hamaoka NPP Sendai NPP Ikata NPP

10 JRCS Radiation Emergency Hospitals/Radiation Emergency Medical Advisors Location of Major NPP and JRC hospitals related to radiation emergency medicine Major NPP and nuclear facilities JRC hospitals designated as radiation emergency hospitals Related JRC hospitals Tomari NPP Date RC Hospital Local government designates nine JRC hospitals as radiation emergency hospitals, in total JRCS has 12 hospitals specialized in Radiation Emergency Medicine. One radiation specialized doctor and one radiological technologist are assigned as radiation emergency medical advisor from each 12 hospitals. JRC Secondary radiation emergency hospitals Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPP JRC Ishinomaki Hospital Nagahama RC Hospital JRC Fukui Hospital Tsuruga NPP Mihama NPP Ohi NPP Takahama NPP Shika NPP Onagawa NPP JRC Fukushima Hospital Fukushima Daiichi NPP Fukushima Daini NPP Research reactor Matsuyama RC Hospital JRC Karatsu Hospital JRC Primary radiation emergency hospitals Date RC Hospital Shimane NPP Tokai Daini NPP JRC Ishinomaki Hospital Matsue RC Hospital JRC Karatsu Hospital Processing facility/ Reprocessing facility JRC Mito Hospital JRC Mito Hospital JRC Fukui Hospital Genkai NPP Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital Hamaoka NPP Research reactor Nagahama RC Hospital Maizuru RC Hospital Maizuru RC Hospital Matsue RC Hospital Related JRC hospitals JRC Fukushima Hospital Sendai NPP Matsuyama RC Hospital Ikata NPP Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital 9

11 Consultation mechanism with Radiation Emergency Medical Advisor Deployment of radiation emergency medical advisors - Radiation emergency medical advisors for JRCS headquarters Consultation on overall response plan as JRCS Coordination with central RN related authority/agency - Radiation emergency medical advisors for affected chapters Consultation on response activities regarding on radiological condition. Monitor and control responders cumulative radiation dose Role of radiation emergency medical advisors in the manual Radiological Specialized Doctor 1Training for relief team members for safe activity Basic knowledge of radiation Usage of protective equipment 2Consultation on relief activities Planning relief activities Use of protective measures/medicine Evacuation/Relocation 3Medical/Psychological follow up after mission Radiological Technologist 1Training for relief team members for safe activity Usage of measurement equipment 2Monitor ambient dose rate and personal radiation dose. Monitor risk information from Authority Record/Control personal radiation dose for relief teams 3Maintain protective/measurement equipment 10

12 Training Course for JRCS relief team members Formulate training modules for JRCS relief team with REM advisors. 4 training courses were completed and about 300 members were trained. 3 training courses are planned in every coming year targeting p Structure of the training session Program Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Workshop 1 Workshop 2 Groupwork Content JRCS organizational structure for response to nuclear disasters Relief team activities during a nuclear disaster and collaboration with REM advisors Basic knowledge about radiation protection during relief activities Radiation protective equipment and materials How to use and maintain a survey meter and a personal dosimeter Case study/simulation

13 NDRC - Digital Archives Nuclear Disaster Resource Center 12

14 Archives/Special Contents/Seminars/Information Portal Digital Archives Front Page ( Special contents: Focusing specific topic regarding RN disaster, prepardness, response, recovery. EX) Efforts for nuclear disaster preparedness by the IFRC Digital Archives: Contents can be searched by using search function: by keywords,categorie s, subjects, time and locations. Information Portal Links to websites where nuclear disaster related information is contained. Copyright Red Cross Nuclear Disaster Resource Center 13

15 Archives/Guideline/NDRC Preparedness Nuclear Disaster Guidelines Preparedness for Nuclear Disasters Copyright Red Cross Nuclear Disaster Resource Center 14

16 What are on the Digital Archives? Japanese Only: 3 Japanese and English: 24 Videos Pictures (562) Web Pages Documents Web pages Pictures Videos JRCS Web Pages Documents English only Japanese & English Japanese only Copyright Red Cross Nuclear Disaster Resource Center English only Japanese & English Japanese only As of Aug,

17 Services can be provided to NSs in AP Information available in the NDRC Archive Process of formulating the guideline, consideration, regulations Outputs in the process of preparedness, response, recovery Networks/Links with various stakeholders/organizations Provision of protective/measurement equipment as relief items Deployment of radiation emergency medicine advisors to affected country Deployment of REM advisors for training/workshop for preparedness/response/recovery Consultation with NS which plans to establish RN preparedness Copyright Red Cross Nuclear Disaster Resource Center 16

18 Services can be provided to NSs through IFRC NDRC has financially supported IFRC CBRN section since 2013 IFRC has developed tools to strengthen RN preparedness IFRC Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Guideline (Oct,2015) IFRC learning platform Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Opportunities to strengthen RN preparedness NS Consultation Meeting on Nuclear Disaster Preparedness in Tokyo(May,2012) Reference Group Meeting on RN Emergency Preparedness (Vienna Aug 2013,Geneva Jan 2014, Fukushima Oct 2014,Berlin Sep 2015) Dissemination of IFRC guideline, (CB)RN workshop (5-9 Dec Vienne 2016 ) Contact IFRC CBRN Martin KROTTMAYER NDRC JRCS Program Officer Mitsu FUJIMAKI Copyright Red Cross Nuclear Disaster Resource Center 17