Taku Fujiyama Senior Lecturer University College London Daiwa Foundation Seminar 22 May 2018

Transcription

1 Comparing railway systems in the UK and Japan from the view of their punctuality Taku Fujiyama Senior Lecturer University College London Daiwa Foundation Seminar 22 May

2 Introduction Contents of the talk today Statistics Systems About myself Worked in East JR as a civil engineer mainly in charge of station development projects (Shinjyuku, Ikebukuro, etc) Research at UCL on Railway Traffic Management Systems Passenger movement management 2

3 Railways in Tokyo area Population: London Commuter belt: 14 million 1) Tokyo Employment area: 38 million 2) Rail mode share: London: 23% of all the trips (GLA) 3) Tokyo: 43% (Tokyo Special wards) 4) Rail Around 30 operators, 800 stations 5) Outside Circle line: JR and Private companies Inside Circle line: Subways + some JR lines Many through services 3

4 Statistics of UK railways Train Operating Company On-time arrival c2c Rail 95.3% Merseyrail 94.9% London Overground 94.3% Govia Thameslink Railway 81.3% Southern 79.3% First Hull Trains 76.6% *Percentage of trains which arrive at their terminating stations within 5 minutes (suburban) or 10 minutes (intercity). 6) Underground Line Waterloo & City 26 Victoria 40 Central 180 District 224 Delay per year *The number of train control service disruptions of 15 minutes or more. 7) Why are particular companies/ lines good? Operational simplicity? 4

5 Statistics of delays of Japanese railways Tokaido Shinkansen (Tokyo to Osaka: 560km): 0.4 minutes per train Operator East JR Tokyo Metro Line Length (km) Frequency (Train/Hr) Disruption % Yamanote % Tokaido % Nanbu % Ginza % Yurakucho % Tokyu Denentoshi % Disruption %: Percentage of days when services are delayed more than 10 minutes in the morning 8) Incidents LU Line / workdays Waterloo & City 10% Victoria 15% Central 68% District 85% Incidents of delays more than 15 minutes. (Created by the author) 5

6 Percentage of days when a disruption with more than 30 min happened in ) Long lines in radial directions are not good >10% 7%-10% 4%-7% 1%-4% <1% 6

7 Trend of delay incidents (Tokyo area) Number of delay incidents per service*km (in millions) Capacity/Ridership/Congestion indexes Incidents Capacity Ridership Congestion rate Recent increase in delay incidents Delay Incidents: delay>30 min. 9) Capacity, Ridership: 1975 values are set as 100. Congestion Rate: 100 where people can sit or easily hold something. 10) 7

8 UK Causes of delays NR: Power NR: 2% Management 6% External 20% NR: Others 10% NR: Track 10% TOC: Fleet causes 22% NR: Signal 14% TOC: Train crew 6% TOC: Operations 5% TOC Others 1% TOC: Station delays 4% Based on sum of delay minutes Created by the author based on 11) TOC: NR: Others = 4:4:2 8

9 Japan: Causes of delays: Delays less than 10 minutes 2007 Data (inc other lines) 12) Operator/ track 11% Other lines 40% External 31% Passenger crowding 7% Passenger ill 11% Passenger ill 12% 2016 Data (exc other lines) 8) Operator /track 6% External 18% Other line has a big share Increase in Passenger-related delays Passenger crowding (Dwell, etc) 64% 9

10 Causes of delays Delays 30 minutes or more 8) Natural disaster/we ather 8% External (tresspass, linside fire) 25% Operation 6% Suicide 44% Assets 10% Rolls 7% Suicide has a big share Assets (signal, track) is small 10

11 SYSTEMS 11

12 Comparing UK and Japanese systems Design Philosophy Plans Operation Technology People Society 12

13 Network design Number of levelcrossing junctions on suburban railways* Number of suburban lines with through services to metro lines London 33 0 Tokyo 3 12 *London Zone1-3& Tokunai (around 15km from Circle) Created by the author Tokyo systems are simplified in terms of branching (but are long). 13

14 Technologies UK Mainline ERTMS Level 2 Signalling (Train protection) (Thameslink Core) UK Metro Japan Mainlines Japan metros CBTC: Northern, Digital ATC (no etc signal blocks) Cab Signal-ATC Integrated Control Centre Integrated Control Centre Signalling (Point control) Integrated Control Centre Integrated Control Centre Train driving Automatic Train ATO: Victoria, Operation: Thameslink etc ATO: Tsukuba express, etc ATO: several lines Traffic control Routeing based on timetable and some rescheduling functions Routeing based on timetable - Technologically, there is not much difference Created by the author 14

15 Changing people in Japan Some time ago Staff Customers Collaboration in operation Skilled staff Self adjustment Preference for details and perfection Collective actions Now, more focus on Employee training Improved Customer engagement Supporting systems? 15

16 MEASURES TO IMPROVE PUNCTUALITY IN JAPAN 16

17 Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line A radial suburban line from Shibuya One track for each direction: 29 train per hour in AM Peak Crowding rate: 185% Timetable Asset Operation No skip stop in AM peak 6-door coaches Increasing turnback facilities Platform stewards (Shibuya, 30 people) Platform edge doors Satellite-office businesses Express services before AM peak Customer engagement Points given to those who avoid peak services Information about less crowded services 8), 13) 17

18 Tokyo metro 13 lines, 285 stations, 8.7 million journeys per day Timetable No turn-back in the middle of lines in the timetable Enhanced services before AM peak Asset wide-door coaches Increasing turnback facilities Removing junctions Multiple platforms Platform widening Platform edge doors Operation Customer engagement Platform stewards Changing train stopping positions at stations One-way passenger circulation at station Loyalty points given to off-peak passengers 18 8), 14)

19 Improving readiness of Plan B Emergency response training Across the disciplines of railways Staffing A spare set of drivers Turn-back operations Turn backs at country-side stations (to shorten the cycle) Through-city services can be stopped or diverted

20 CONCLUSION 20

21 Approaches for punctuality System design System structure Assets Control systems People Customers Staff Operational precision Resilience (for small perturbations) Recoverability (for big perturbations) Simplification Better managing margins Setting right objectives High resolution Improving not only Capacity but also Simplicity, Flexibility, Readjustability Cooperation through better communication Skill development Integrated approaches are required Improved preparedness 21

22 What can the UK and Japan learn from each other? Railway as a people business Embracing changes in customers and staff Customer Staff Technological landscapes What can the UK and Japan learn from each other? How to empower people Customer engagement Staff training System design (and societal norm) Inc. Integration, Simplification Societal norm and contexts 22

23 In addition New MSc Urban Railways at UCL Focus on transferrable skills (data handling) System Integration (with cities, etc) Starting in September

24 Thank you for listening 24

25 References 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) Eurostat, 2017, United Nations, 2017, The World's Cities in 2016 Transport for London, 2016, Travel in London Report 9, the shares of Rail and Underground Calculated by the author based on the results of Tokyo Metropolitan Area Travel Diary Survey 2008 Japan Transport Research Institute, 2015, 地域交通年報 (in Japanese) Office of Rail and Road, 2018, Passenger and Freight Rail Performance Q4 Statistical Release LU Performance Data Almanac. 2016/17. Downloaded from tfl.gov.uk Ministry of Infrastructure, Land and Tourism, 2017, 遅延の 見える化 を開始 downloaded from (in Japanese) Ministry of Infrastructure, Land and Tourism, 2015, 第７回 東京圏における今後の都市鉄道のあり方に関する小委員会 配付 資料: 遅延対策ワーキング グループ報告資料, downloaded from (in Japanese) 交通政策審議会, 2016, 東京圏における今後の都市鉄道のあり方について 答申 downloaded from (in Japanese) National Audit Office, 2008, Reducing passenger rail delays by better management of incidents Ministry of Infrastructure, Land and Tourism, 2005, 鉄道輸送トラブルによる影響に関する調査結果の概要 downloaded from (in Japanese) Kariyazaki K, 2008, Study on Mechanism of Worsening Punctuality in Urban Railway Services, Colloquium Vol. 93, downloaded from (in Japanese) Japan Subway Association, 会報201号 (in Japanese) 25