TR ANSPORTATION PLANNING

Transcription

1 TR ANSPORTATION PLANNING Principles, Practices and Policies Pradip Kumar Sarkar Vinay Maitri G.J. Joshi

2 Transportation Planning Principles, Practices and Policies Pradip Kumar Sarkar Professor and Head Department of Transport Planning School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi Vinay Maitri Professor and Head Centre for Analysis and System Studies, GIS and Remote Sensing School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi G.J. Joshi Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) Surat, Gujarat Delhi

3 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: Principles, Practices and Policies Pradip Kumar Sarkar, Vinay Maitri, and G.J. Joshi 2015 by PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, Rimjhim House, 111, Patparganj Industrial Estate, Delhi and Printed by Star Print-O-Bind, F-31, Okhla Industrial Area Phase I, New Delhi

4 To Lord Shiva, who has given us strength, knowledge and wisdom to write this book and Late Sushil Kumar Sarkar (father) Kanak Prava Sarkar (mother) Mitra Sarkar (wife) Prasenjit Sarkar and Pramit Sarkar (son) Priyanka Sarkar (daughter-in-law) Ronel Sarkar (grand son)

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6 Contents Preface xv 1. Introduction to Transportation Planning Introduction What is Transportation Planning? Aims and Objectives of Transportation Planning Interdependence of Land Use and Transport Transportation Problems and Issues in Indian Cities Policies for Urban Transport Planning What is the Transportation Planning Process? Technology Applications for Planning Levels of Planning Citizen Participation 8 Summary 9 Review Questions 9 References 9 2. Study Area Introduction Zoning System Identification of Screen and Cordon Lines Transport Network 14 Summary 16 Review Questions 17 References Transportation Planning Surveys Introduction Secondary Data Inventories of Existing Conditions Traffic Surveys Road Inventory Data Classified Traffic Volume Survey at Outer Cordon, Mid-block and Screen Line Origin and Destination (O-D) Survey Household Travel Survey 24 v

7 vi Contents Speed and Delay Survey Parking Survey Pedestrian Survey Bus Transport Survey Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) Survey Establishment Survey Goods Survey 28 Summary 29 Review Questions 30 References Travel Demand Forecasting Techniques Introduction Demand Forecasting Techniques Sequential Models Simultaneous Models or Direct Demand Model Other Forecasting Models Aggregate Models Disaggregate Models Land Use-transport Models UMOT Models Quick Response Techniques Household Activity Travel System Analysis 40 Summary 41 Review Questions 42 References Trip Generation Model Introduction Types of Trip Factors Influencing Trip Generation Trip Generation Models Method of Trip Rate Trip Generation by Regression Analysis Technique Category Analysis 58 Summary 60 Review Questions 60 References Trip Distribution Models Introduction Growth Factor Models Uniform Factor 65

8 Contents vii Average Factor Fratar Method Detroit Method Furness Method Main Advantages and Disadvantages of Growth Factor Models Synthetic Model Gravity Model Opportunity Model 103 Summary 109 Review Questions 109 References Modal Split Introduction Factors Affecting Modal Split Types of Modal Split Trip-end Modal Split Models Trip Interchange Modal Split Models Two-Stage Modal Split Model Modal Split Model on Behavioural Basis Logit Model Probit Model Basic Assumptions/Requirements of Logit and Probit Models Inputs for Logit and Probit Models Outputs of Logit and Probit Models Multinomial Logit Model Incremental (or Pivot-point) Logit Model Independent of Irrelevant Alternatives (II A) Property Demand Elasticity Using MNL Nested Logit Model Discriminant Analysis 131 Summary 132 Review Questions 133 References Mode Choice Modelling Through Stated Preference (SP) and Revealed Preference (RP) Data Introduction Stated Information Versus Revealed Information Techniques of Collecting Stated Responses Stated Preference Experiment Design Alternatives and Attributes Experiment Design 141

9 viii Contents 8.5 Mode Choice Modelling: Case Study 142 Summary 157 Review Questions 157 References Traffic Assignment Introduction Earlier Models Traffic Assignment Techniques Tree Building Technique Assignment of Vehicle Trip Interchanges between Routes All-or-Nothing Assignment Capacity Restraint Assignment Incremental Traffic Assignment Diversion Curve Techniques Multipath Assignment User Equilibrium (UE) Assignment Dynamic Assignment Probabilistic Assignment 177 Summary 178 Review Questions 178 References Freight Movement Study Introduction Problems and Issues of Freight Movement in Urban Areas Land Use and Freight Transport Planning Management for Logistics Approaches Towards Strategies and Policies Transport Models for Goods Traffic Factors Affecting Goods Movement Components of Urban Freight Traffic Classification of Freight Demand Models Data Needs for Freight/Goods Modelling Transport Studies to Assess Goods Traffic Truck Operator Study Goods Transport Study 193 Summary 194 Review Questions 195 References Long-term Transport Planning Introduction Long-term Urban Transport Planning 200

10 11.3 Planning for Public Transport Forecast of Planning Parameters Population Employment Car Ownership Income Implementation Plan for Implementation Availability and Arrangement of Financial Resources Organisation and Management Prioritisation Monitoring and Review 210 Summary 211 Review Questions 211 References 212 Contents ix 12. Regional Transportation Planning Introduction Objectives of Regional Transportation System Regional Transport Planning Passenger and Freight Movements Transport Models Trip Generation Model Gravity Model Other Models for Regional Planning Studies Linear Programming Approach Simulation Model Econometric Modelling Input-Output Model Development Scenarios Transport Network Alternatives Evaluation of Alternatives and Selection of Best Alternative Implementation and Coordination of Regional Transport Plan Rural/Regional Network in the Country National Highways State Highways Expressways Major District Roads Other District Roads Village Roads 229 Summary 229 Review Questions 230 References 230

11 Transportation Planning: Principles,Practices And Policies 30% OFF Publisher : PHI Learning ISBN : Author : SARKAR, PRADIP KUMAR, MAITRI, VINAY, JOSHI, G.J. Type the URL : Get this ebook