Utilization of Tennessee Workers Compensation Data for Injury Surveillance and Prevention

Transcription

1 Utilization of Tennessee Workers Compensation Data for Injury Surveillance and Prevention Technical Report Construction Industry Research and Policy Center - The University of Tennessee, Knoxville July

2 Contents 1 Introduction 5 2 Data 5 3 Methodology 8 4 Discussion 12 5 Limitations 20 6 Future Work 21 7 Supplemental Tables 22 8 Appendix 83 2

3 List of Tables FROI Claims By Owner and Establishment Description - All Data FROI Claims By Nature of Injury (Aggregated) - All Data Top Two-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data Top Ten Three-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data Top Fifteen Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data FROI Claims By Part of Body (Aggregated) - All Data FROI Claims By Part of Body (Detailed) - All Data FROI Claims By Cause of Injury (Aggregated)- All Data FROI Claims By Cause of Injury (Detailed)- All Data FROI Claims By Nature of Injury (Detailed) - All Data FROI Claims By Market Share - All Data FROI Claims By Age Group At Injury - All Data FROI Claims By Gender - All Data FROI Claims, Injuries Occurring Within Tennessee Counties - All Data FROI Claims Occurring Within Grand Divisions of Tennessee - All Data FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Two-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data BLS SOII Rate Comparison To Other Measures By Two-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data BLS SOII Rate Comparison To Other Measures By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data FROI Claims By Tenure With Employer By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data FROI Claims By Employer Size - Matched Private Data FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Employer Size - Matched Private Single Establishment Data Data Properties of 2014 FROI Observations - All Data Data Properties of 2015 FROI Observations - All Data

4 List of Figures FROI Claims By Category - All Data Histogram of Body Part Claim Ratios - Matched Private vs. All Data Comparison of 2015 NAICS Two-Digit Rates - Matched Private Data FROI Claims By Part of Body - All Data FROI Claims By Decreasing Cause of Injury - All Data Injury Narrative Word Cloud - All Data Heat Map of 2015 Claims By Injury Site - All Tennessee Data Heat Map of 2015 Claims (per 10,000 Residents) By Injury Site - All Tennessee Data FROI Fatality Claims By Industry - All Data FROI Fatality Claims By Age and Tenure - All Data

5 1 Introduction The Tennessee Bureau of Workers Compensation (BWC), a state agency, administers injury claims on job-related injuries and illnesses 1 incurred by covered private and government workers. Each year BWC receives approximately 100,000 First Report of Injury (FROI) claims through Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) from insurers and self-insured entities. Many claims also have an associated Subsequent Report Of Injury (SROI) report to document payments related to the initial claim. FROI and SROI databases, used primarily for claims administration, can be analyzed to improve occupational injury surveillance and to prevent future injuries. Though not all-inclusive, they do provide a large sample of work-related injuries in Tennessee since mandates for workers compensation (WC) coverage apply to more than 90 percent of the private work force. WC systems vary across states but in most covered industries in Tennessee, employers with five or more full-time or part-time employees 2 are required by law to have WC insurance. Exemptions from coverage include domestic help, farm workers, and employees of common carriers in interstate commerce. In determining the employee count, corporate officers may be exempted. Under T.C.A (6), state government employees are also exempt from the Tennessee workers compensation law. Reportable workplace injuries are those that require medical treatment outside of the employer s premises, cause absence from work or permanent impairment, or result in death. 3 WC benefits provided are in two categories: Medical and Indemnity. Injuries requiring medical care and having between 0 and 7 days lost-time from work are classified as medical only. Full or partial indemnity benefits are paid if the employee can not work or only perform restricted work. In Tennessee, full benefits equal to 2/3 of the average weekly wage (based on the previous 52 weeks) are paid beginning on the eighth day of disability. Partial benefits may be paid if work restrictions result in decreased income. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) 4 received and analyzed FROI claims data to expand occupational injury surveillance and to enhance injury prevention. This report, the first of three planned, utilizes claims data having dates of injury in 2014 and Each subsequent report will add one year of data with the third and final report targeted to include injuries occurring during the four years from Data The 2015 data had 98,061 FROI claim transactions (denoted DN0002, MTC=00 in the EDI data structure - see Appendix) with 71,800 of these having one or more associated SROI transactions 1 Illnesses make up a small percentage of claims. Throughout the remainder of this document, the terms injury / injuries are understood to include illness / illnesses. 2 For construction and mining, the threshold for providing coverage is one employee We are funded by a collaborative agreement with the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Grant Number: 5U6-OH We thank Ms. Abbie Hudgens, Workers Compensation Administrator - Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development for providing the data and Dr. Martha Jones of Vanderbilt University for her guidance. 5

6 while 2014 had 95,795 FROI transactions. 5 Of the 2015 FROI claimants, approximately 56 percent were male and about 15 percent were employed by self-insured organizations. Tennessee uses an industry standard 6 data structure having over 100 separate data fields. Not all fields were requested by the investigators because of privacy concerns or lack of need. The FROI data received contained 40 fields plus a short narrative of the injury circumstances. As an additional privacy safeguard, the employer identifier field was masked. Basic data validity checks were performed on the FROI data and those results are shown in the Appendix. Additional private and public employment data came from other sources. The UTK Boyd Center for Business and Economic Research, custodians of the Tennessee Longitudinal Data System, used their Unemployment Insurance (UI) database to provide industry information and employment levels for individual employers. Their experience working with sensitive state data and established security protocols allowed them to receive the data directly from BWC. Since the data included personally identifiable information (PII) and lacked the industry and employment information needed, the Boyd Center matched Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) fields from the claims information and UI data to ascertain the employer s six-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and its monthly employment levels during the quarter of the reported injury. These elements were critical to the injury rate calculations in this report. Also critical for rate calculations was the publicly available Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) information on private sector industry employment. A second public source of data, the American Community Survey (ACS), supplied information on annual hours worked for employees across many but not all industries. This information allowed some calculated industry rates to be adjusted for worker exposure. For this report, employers were categorized on three hierarchical levels: (1) matched/unmatched FEIN, (2) private/public sector, and (3) single/multi establishment. Refer to Figure 1 for the category claim totals in each group. At the first level, the matched status was important because otherwise the industry and employer size for the claim could not be established. 7 At the next level, the data included a code to indicate an employer s status as private business, local government, or state government. 8 At the third level, employers were designated as either single establishment or multi-establishment. 9 Multi-establishment employers may have several NAICS codes with differing employment at each individual establishment. Therefore, though a FEIN match may be possible, the matched data may not accurately reflect either the correct industry code or site employment for the associated claim. Given these categorizations and the difficulty in accurately assessing proper industry codes and employment levels for all employers, this report utilized a second best approach by deriving two sets of injury rates. The first set of rates used the matched, private, single establishment (MPS) employer claims and the sum of their associated UI employment levels. The second set used all matched private (MP) employer claims and published QCEW private employment numbers to 5 We did not receive any SROI transactions for International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions (IAIABC) Release 1. 7 The exact, deterministic matching process of using employer FEIN provided matches for about 70 percent of the FROI data. 8 Since it is difficult to assign a single, accurate industry code for government entities, the government/public sector was minimally addressed in this report. 9 There were four separate categories for multi-establishment enterprises. For this report, they were combined into a single group. 6

7 calculate a rate. That rate was then adjusted for both worker exposure and incomplete matching. The calculations and subsequent adjustments will be explained in greater detail below. The FROI data included fields for injury cause, body part injured, etc. Though data must be matched to ascertain denominators for rate calculations, this limitation did not apply to nonindustry aggregations. For this reason, all FROI information, matched and unmatched, as well as government sector data, was aggregated for those tables not requiring industry or size classifications. To eliminate confusion from using three sets of data for claim aggregation, the following convention is utilized in the tables and text: When referring to the smallest group of employers (i.e. matched, private, single establishments - MPS data), claims and rates will be designated MPS.Claims and MPS.Rate. When referring to the group of all matched private employers (i.e. all matched private establishments - MP data), claims and rates will be designated MP.Claims and MP.Rate. When referring to all claims in the database, the term Claims will be used as a table heading. Figure 1 shows the three hierarchical levels of 2015 FROI claims. Figure 1: 2015 FROI Claims By Category - All Data 7

8 Table 1 shows some of the same information as Figure 1 and includes 2014 data as well. Table 1: FROI Claims By Owner and Establishment Description - All Data Year Match.Status Owner.Desc Establishment.Desc Claims Claims Match Local Government Multi-unit Master Record Multi-unit Rep. as Single (lack of data) Multi-unit Rep. as Single (due to size) Single Establishment Unit Private Business Multi-unit Master Record Multi-unit Rep. as Single (lack of data) Multi-unit Rep. as Single (due to size) Single Establishment Unit Sub-unit representing several estab State Government* Multi-unit Master Record 1. Single Establishment Unit 14 7 No Match All Note: *Under T.C.A (6), state government employees are exempt from the Tennessee workers compensation law but some quasi-governmental entities provide coverage for their employees. 3 Methodology This report aggregated injury counts across various dimensions such as body part, cause, industry, etc. and also calculated injury rates for both industry and size classes. 10 The singular aggregation of claims was straightforward but the rate calculations were not. Separate industry rates were calculated using MPS and MP data but size class rates used only the narrower MPS data since the broader MP data included multi-establishment employers whose size classes were difficult to determine. 11 The FROI data included fields for injury cause, body part injured, etc. Rates were calculated for two-, three-, and four-digit NAICS industry classes for comprehensiveness. By convention, these unadjusted rates were calculated as the number of claims per 100 employees or rate = claims / (base employment / 100). For our two distinct rates, the base employment was estimated separately as the sum of private, single establishment employment from the matched UI data (i.e. MPS) and also from the QCEW private sector data (i.e. MP). Components of the two rates differed. The MPS.Rate has both a numerator lacking unmatched claims 10 Tables without rates were compiled and presented using both 2014 and 2015 data but rate tables included only 2015 claims for ease of presentation. 11 Employer size classes are 0-4, 5-9, 10-19, 20-49, 50-99, , , , and as defined by the QCEW. 8

9 and a denominator lacking employment from firms without claims. 12 The MP.Rate numerator also lacks unmatched claims but was adjusted upward for this omission. For the raw MP.Rate only, additional calculations provided both industry exposure adjustments and addressed the problem of unmatched data by establishing intervals to bound total (matched plus unmatched) private sector rates with 90 percent probability. Consider the following three step example to better understand the exposure adjustment and the interval calculation. Step 1. Adjust rates for worker exposure on an industry-by-industry basis. By convention, 2000 hours is considered one full-time equivalent (FTE) worker. Workers in some industries (e.g. NAICS 71 - Arts, Entertainment, Recreation) average less than 2000 hours in a typical year while some industries average more. To compare rates across industries, an adjustment is required for varying exposures in a calendar year. Therefore, MP industry rates are adjusted using the 2015 ACS data for average annual hours worked. 13 For example, NAICS 71 having an (unadjusted) MP.Rate of 3.1 injuries per 100 employees and employees averaging 1440 hours in 2015 (1440 / 2000 = 0.72 FTE) yields an adjusted injury rate of 3.1 / 0.72 = 4.3 injuries per 100 FTE. To recap, MP.Rate / ACS.FTEadj. = MP.Adj = Figure 2: Histogram of Body Part Claim Ratios - Matched Private vs. All Data Step 2. Establish a relationship based on the ratio of matched private claims to the set of total claims. The objective is to make calculated rates more representative of actual rates even though nearly one-third were unmatched. 15 At less than 70 percent matching, we know substantial private claims are missing from our matched-only claim counts and need to compensate. Our compensation technique assumed that the ratios 12 The two omissions have opposite effects but the denominator effect appears to dominate and should result in an overestimation of rates. 13 ACS data is sufficient for exposure adjustments on all two-digit, most three-digit, and about one-half of four-digit NAICS industries. 14 In this report, exposure-adjusted rates carry an.adj suffix ,335 FROI claims of 98,061 (0.687) were deterministically matched in

10 of matched private to total FROI counts remains constant across various dimensions so we first calculated these ratios for a single, representative dimension. Choosing the body part dimension, we examined all body part categories for 2015 claims. Table 7 aggregates all FROI claims in 56 detailed body part categories (e.g. hand, wrist, etc.). We then made the same aggregations using only the MP data and then calculated the ratios and their distribution as shown in Figure 2. The mean of this distribution of ratios was and its standard deviation was With this representative distribution, inferences can be made about claim ratios of any another dimension (e.g. claims by industry) having the same distribution parameters. Step 3. Using the parameters determined in step 2, establish individual industry intervals assuming their ratios of matched private to total claims follow the Figure 2 distribution. With a standard deviation of and a mean of 0.693, the 90 percent probability interval bounding an individual industry ratio is (0.557, 0.829). In other words, we expect 90 percent of these ratios to fall between the interval endpoints. Extending this technique implies multipliers of 1.0 / = 1.21 and 1.0 / = 1.80 for estimating the 90 percent probability interval for the total private adjusted (TP.Adj) rate when MP.Adj is known. Continuing with this notation, we designate the lower interval limit as TP.Adj.L90 and the upper limit as TP.Adj.U90. For NAICS 71 of our example, these rates of (1.21 * 4.3) = 5.2 and (1.80 * 4.3) = 7.7 are found in Table 17. Figure 3 illustrates that the interval estimates (i.e. vertical bars) for the private sector generally exceeded comparable rates published by BLS (i.e. the dots). Supplemental Table 19 indicates a similar relationship for three-digit industry groups. Because four-digit BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) data for Tennessee are not published for the majority of industries, no such comparison was made. However, logic suggests the same pattern. 10

11 Figure 3: Comparison of 2015 NAICS Two-Digit Rates - Matched Private Data Note: BLS does not publish a rate for NAICS 52 Finance Insurance sector. The value shown for NAICS 52 (1.2), is the rate for the NAICS supersector. 11

12 Figure 4: 2015 FROI Claims By Part of Body - All Data 4 Discussion Tables in this report (see List of Tables) provide aggregations of injuries by body part, injury cause (e.g. slip, trip, or fall), nature (e.g. fracture), age group, gender, and geographic location of injury occurrence. Other tables provide both claim count aggregations and rates by industry or firm size. In this section, we highlight various aspects of the data using visualizations and abbreviated tables as a prelude to Tables 6-26 found in the Supplemental Tables section. Supplemental Table 6, claim by body part, indicates that upper and lower extremities include nearly 60 percent of all claims. Figure 4 highlights this predominance of upper extremity injuries. Table 7 extends Table 6 by providing information for dozens of detailed body parts. Similarly, supplemental Tables 8 and 9 show the number of claims by injury causes in aggregated and detailed form. Figure 5 highlights a few leading causes shown in these tables. Claims for the largest category at the top of the figure, Strain or Injury By, number over 25,000 and the top three causes contain more than half of all claims. 16 Some of the claims contained short injury narratives that were mined for key terms to provide additional insight. Figure 6 is a visualization of those words that appeared most frequently and reinforces the emerging themes of the aggregation tables. In the word cloud, we see that strains and falls are prominent injury causes and that a few upper extremity subcategories (e.g. back, arm, shoulder, etc.) also appear. Appearance of 16 Note the NA category. Throughout this document, NA denotes missing data. 12

13 Figure 5: 2015 FROI Claims By Decreasing Cause of Injury - All Data Figure 6: 2015 Injury Narrative Word Cloud - All Data the terms truck and patient suggest the frequency of vehicle-related or healthcare injuries. Table 4 confirms that industries involving healthcare and transportation are among the worst ranked. Table 2 reinforces the fact that occupational disease (e.g. silicosis) and cumulative injuries (e.g. loss of hearing) make up only a small percentage of all claims. For greater detail, refer to Table 10 of the Supple- 13

14 mental Tables section where the number of strains, contusions, lacerations, and other injury categories far exceed those of any illness. Table 2: FROI Claims By Nature of Injury (Aggregated) - All Data Year Inj.Nature Claims Pct Claims Pct MULTIPLE INJURIES OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE OR CUMULATIVE INJURY SPECIFIC INJURY All Notes: 1. Percentage totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 14

15 Supplemental Table 14 aggregates claims by the county of the injury site and shows that approximately 90 percent of 2015 injuries occurred within state borders. Table 15 shows the same information for the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee. Among the 95 counties, Shelby County in the West had 12,282 injuries as seen in Figure 7. Middle Tennessee s Nashville metro area has the largest cluster of darker counties with metro counties Knox and Hamilton being prominent in the East. Figure 7: Heat Map of 2015 Claims By Injury Site - All Tennessee Data Figure 8 shows the counties with the highest claim rates per 10,000 residents. Warren County in Middle Tennessee, a small county with a population of about 40,000, ranked worst with a rate of 192 per 10,000. Rutherford County was a close second with 182 while the average for all counties was 109 per 10,000 residents. Figure 8: Heat Map of 2015 Claims (per 10,000 Residents) By Injury Site - All Tennessee Data 15

16 A primary goal of this report is to identify critical industries. The prioritization method 17 chosen ranks the industries according to claim count (MP.Claims) and injury rate (MP.Rate) then averages those rankings for a composite score. Lower composite scores and ranks indicate increasing severity with a rank of 1 being the worst possible. Tables 3, 4, and 5 list severity ranks for two-, three-, and four-digit NAICS industries. The method chosen is subjective and other methods might yield different results. In Table 3, Utilities stands out among the worst ranking two-digit industry sectors with the highest rate measure but relatively few claims. Manufacturing s 10,000+ MP.Claims and 3.2 MP.Rate ranks it as the worst sector by a narrow margin. Table 3: 2015 Top Two-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data Rank Comp.Score Naics2 Desc. MP.Claims MP.Rate MP.Rank CLM.Rank Manufacturing Transportation and Warehousing Construction Educational Services Wholesale Trade Health Care and Social Assistance Retail Trade Administrative and Support and Waste Manage- ment and Remediation Services Utilities Management of Companies and Enterprises Notes: 1. CLM.Rank is the ordinal ranking of MP.Claims (1 = worst). 2. MP.Rank is the ordinal ranking of MP.Rate* (1= worst). 3. Comp.Score = (CLM.Rank + MP.Rank) / 2. * For some three and four-digit NAICS industries, American Community Survey (ACS) data is insufficient to calculate exposure adjustments. For consistency in ranking, it was necessary to use the unadjusted MP.Rate. The three-digit severity leaders appear in Table 4. The worst group, Educational Services, had 2,871 claims. Additional probing indicates more than one-quarter are from injuries by hand tools (n=446) and trips, slips, or falls (n=364). The three-digit subgroups involving patient care, Hospitals and Nursing along with Residential Care Facilities, combined for 5,479 claims. In these subgroups, lifting (n=690) and injuries by patient or fellow worker (n=476) accounted for the most claims. Pushing and pulling (n=350) along with strains (n=280) combined with lifting to make physical exertion injuries a major concern. Not surprisingly, problematic two-digit groups Transportation and Warehousing, Manufacturing, and Construction all contained three-digit subgroups among those in Table This follows the State of Washington s Prevention Index 16

17 Table 4: 2015 Top Ten Three-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data Rank Comp.Score Naics3 Desc. MP.Claims MP.Rate MP.Rank CLM.Rank Educational Services Truck Transportation Couriers and Messengers Building Material and Garden Equipment and Sup- plies Dealers Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Construction of Buildings Specialty Trade Contractors Nursing and Residential Care Facilities Hospitals Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing Notes: 1. CLM.Rank is the ordinal ranking of MP.Claims (1 = worst). 2. MP.Rank is the ordinal ranking of MP.Rate* (1= worst). 3. Comp.Score = (CLM.Rank + MP.Rank) / 2. * For some three and four-digit NAICS industries, American Community Survey (ACS) data is insufficient to calculate exposure adjustments. For consistency in ranking, it was necessary to use the unadjusted MP.Rate. Four-digit industries in Table 5 include two trucking industries. Both General and Specialized Freight Trucking are part of the Transportation and Warehousing sector that combined for over 3,000 claims. Including Couriers and Express Delivery Services, also in Transportation, this sector had over 5,000 total claims. However, the leading four-digit industry was NAICS 6113 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools which ranked fourth in both injury rate and number of claims. This somewhat surprising result bears additional investigation. Further investigation shows the leading injury cause as hand tools and utensils while the leading type of claim is strains. Another interesting fact, the 2,427 claims are spread over 36 employers but more than 2,000 come from a single employer. Table 21 lists the ranks of all four-digit industries that filed claims in In addition to those in Table 5, some of the worst were NAICS 4811 Scheduled Air Transportation having MP.Rate = 12.7 and NAICS 7112 Spectator Sports with MP.Rate = NAICS 7225 Restaurants and Other Eating Places had 4,052 MP.Claims with NAICS 6221 General Medical and Surgical Hospitals having 3,256. Some of the least injured workers worked for NAICS 5112 Software Publishers. NAICS 5182 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services also had single-digit claims and a low rate. 17

18 Table 5: 2015 Top Fifteen Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data Rank Comp.Score Naics4 Desc. MP.Claims MP.Rate MP.Rank CLM.Rank Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools Building Material and Supplies Dealers Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Couriers and Express Delivery Services Residential Building Construction Used Merchandise Stores General Freight Trucking Vocational Rehabilitation Services Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse Facilities Other Ambulatory Health Care Services Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers Specialized Freight Trucking Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Employment Services Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers Notes: 1. CLM.Rank is the ordinal ranking of MP.Claims (1 = worst). 2. MP.Rank is the ordinal ranking of MP.Rate*(1= worst). 3. Comp.Score = (CLM.Rank + MP.Rank) / 2. * For some three and four-digit NAICS industries, American Community Survey (ACS) data is insufficient to calculate exposure adjustments. For consistency, it was necessary to use the unadjusted MP.Rate for ranking. 18

19 Fatalities are the most severe form of injury and there were 56 fatalities in the 2015 claims data. 18 Complete information was not available in twelve cases but Figure 9 indicates that NAICS 23 Construction and NAICS 48 Transportation together accounted for more than one-quarter of all fatalities. The three fatalities from NAICS 56 Administrative and Support... were concentrated in the NAICS 5613 Temporary Services subgroup. The plot of Figure 10 shows fatality victims were overwhelmingly male and those over 60 suffered eight heart-related deaths. Although workers 55 and over suffered about one-fifth of all injuries, 19 they accounted for about two-fifths of all fatalities. Supplemental Table 24 shows large values of MPS.Rate for the smaller firm size categories. These large values are the result of an employment level that is understated for multiple reasons. Among them are many employers in the 0-4 size class reporting zero employees. 20 Further understatement results from the fact that the UI employment includes only those firms with claims. Table 24 also shows that injury rates decrease as the establishment size grows. Since it is generally accepted that there is a correlation between employer size and safety effort, this last result is not surprising. Figure 9: 2015 FROI Fatality Claims By Industry - All Data 18 In 2015, the BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) data captured 112 fatalities in a broader sample that may include volunteers and workers receiving other types of compensation as well as self-employed workers, owners of unincorporated businesses and farms, paid and unpaid family workers, and some owners of incorporated businesses or members of partnerships. 19 See Table This is a valid entry for a firm insuring only its owner. 19

20 Figure 10: 2015 FROI Fatality Claims By Age and Tenure - All Data Note: Employer Tenure is defined as (Date of Death - Hire Date) 5 Limitations It is important to recognize the limitations of the data. For rate calculations, there were issues with both the numerator and denominator. First, the numerator did not capture unmatched claims and total rates could not be calculated with more than 30 percent of the data uncategorized by industry or size class. With these unmatched observations, we also know the MPS and MP claim counts (i.e. rate numerators) were understated by a significant amount. However, both numerators erroneously included denied and cancelled claims partially offsetting the unmatched issue. 21 In summary, there are two numerator effects, unmatched claims that understate claim counts and denied or cancelled claims having the opposite effect. We concluded the first effect will dominate and the calculated MP.Rate and MPS.Rate 22 will be generally understated. Ninety percent probability interval estimates of total rates attempt to compensate for the inability to categorize unmatched claims by industry. No adjustment was attempted for denied or cancelled claims. Another limitation involves the rate denominators. The narrower MPS denominator should include all matched, private, single establishment employment. Although this information is available in the UI database, we failed to capture it for those firms without claims. Time constraints prevented correcting our omission for this report. This denominator effect understates MPS employment thereby inflating the MPS.Rate. Fortunately, the second set of rates using the broader MP denominator does include all private sector employment. The project timeline was hampered by miscommunication that created delays and the omission of some useful data elements such as claimant identifiers that could have added another layer to the analysis. Finally, 21 In some states, denials and cancellations historically comprise approximately 10 percent of initial claims. 22 Though there are anomalies, the MPS rate is generally higher and the difference can be quite large where the two employment bases (i.e. denominators) differ greatly. 20

21 the SROI information requested did not allow us to distinguish medical-only claims from indemnity claims as we hoped. 6 Future Work The goal for future analyses is to expand their breadth, depth, and precision. Next year we plan to request a worker identifier key, additional SROI data fields, and the denials and cancellation data. Including separate rates for multi-establishment enterprises and more local government statistics may be possible along with an enhanced matching process for better rate estimates. Adding 2016 data may allow us to identify the beginning of trends. We also want to make the information more useful to stakeholders. Expanding the data collected by gathering UI information on all firms, not just those with claims, may allow identification of employers not meeting their obligation to provide WC insurance. We plan to solicit feedback from other stakeholders on this report to improve and direct our future efforts. In the coming year, we anticipate making a subset of the information available to interested parties via our website 21

22 7 Supplemental Tables 22

23 Table 6: FROI Claims By Part of Body (Aggregated) - All Data Year Body.Part Claims Pct Claims Pct HEAD LOWER EXTREMITIES MULTIPLE BODY PARTS NECK TRUNK UPPER EXTREMITIES All Notes: 1. Percentage totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 23

24 Table 7: FROI Claims By Part of Body (Detailed) - All Data Year Body.Part Body.Part.Desc Claims Pct Claims Pct HEAD brain ear(s) eye(s) facial bones head - soft tissue mouth multiple injuries to head nose skull teeth LOWER EXTREMITIES ankle foot great toe hip knee lower leg multiple lower extremities toe(s) upper leg MULTIPLE BODY PARTS artificial appliance body as a whole body sys. & mult. body sys insuff. info to pro. iden.uncl multiple body parts no physical injury NECK disc - neck larynx multiple neck injury neck - soft tissue spinal cord - neck trachea vertebrae TRUNK abdomen including groin buttocks chest disc - trunk heart internal organs lower back area (muscles) lumbar / sacral vertebrae lungs multiple trunk pelvis sacrum and coccyx

25 FROI Claims By Part of Body (Detailed) - All Data (continued) spinal cord - trunk upper back area UPPER EXTREMITIES elbow finger(s) hand lower arm multiple upper extremities shoulder(s) thumb upper arm wrist wrist(s) & hand(s) All Notes: 1. Percentage totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 25

26 Table 8: FROI Claims By Cause of Injury (Aggregated)- All Data Year Inj.Cause Claims Pct Claims Pct BURN OR SCALD-HEAT OR COLD EX POSURE CAUGHT IN, UNDER, OR BETWEEN CUT, PUNCTURE, SCRAPE, INJURED BY FALL, SLIP OR TRIP INJURY MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES MOTOR VEHICLE RUBBED OR ABRADED BY STRAIN OR INJURY BY STRIKING AGAINST OR STEPPING ON STRUCK OR INJURED BY-INCLUDES KICKED, STABBED, BIT, ETC. All Notes: 1. Percentage totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 26

27 Table 9: FROI Claims By Cause of Injury (Detailed)- All Data Year Inj.Cause Inj.Cause.Detailed Claims Pct Claims Pct BURN OR SCALD-HEAT OR COLD EXPOSURE CAUGHT IN, UNDER, OR BE- TWEEN CUT, PUNCTURE, SCRAPE, INJURED BY Abnormal Air Pressure Chemicals Cold Objects or Substances Contact With, NOC Dust, Gases, Fumes or Vapors Electrical Current Fire or Flame Hot Object or Substances Radiation Steam or Hot Fluids Temperature Extremes Welding Operations Caught In, Under, or Between, NOC Collapsing Materials (Slides of Earth) either man made or natural Machine or Machinery Object Handled Broken Glass Cut, Puncture, Scrape, NOC Hand Tool, Utensil; Not Powered Object Being Lifted or Handled Powered Hand Tool, Appliance FALL, SLIP OR TRIP INJURY Fall, Slip, Trip, NOC From Different Level (Elevation) off either man made or natural From Ladder or Scaffolding From Liquid or Grease Spills Into Openings shafts, excavations, floor openings, etc. On Ice or Snow On Same Level On Stairs Slipped, Did Not Fall MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES Absorption, Ingestion or Inhalation, NOC Cumulative, NOC all other Foreign Matter (Body) in Eye(s) Other Miscellaneous, NOC Other Than Physical Cause of Injury Person in Act of a Crime criminal assault robbery or

28 FROI Claims By Cause of Injury (Detailed)- All Data (continued) MOTOR VEHICLE Collision or Sideswipe with Another Vehicle both vehicles in motion Collision with a Fixed Object standing vehicle or stationary object Crash of Airplane Crash of Rail Vehicle Crash of Water Vehicle Motor Vehicle, NOC Vehicle Upset overturned or jackknifed RUBBED OR ABRADED BY Repetitive Motion callous, blister, etc Rubbed or Abraded, NOC STRAIN OR INJURY BY Continual Noise Holding or Carrying Jumping Lifting Pushing or Pulling Reaching Repetitive Motion carpal tunnel syndrome Strain or Injury By, NOC Twisting Using Tool or Machinery Wielding or Throwing STRIKING AGAINST OR Moving Parts of Machine STEPPING ON Object Being Lifted or Handled Sanding, Scraping, Cleaning Operation Stationary Object Stepping on Sharp Object Striking Against or Stepping On, NOC STRUCK OR INJURED Animal or Insect BY-INCLUDES KICKED, STABBED, BIT, ETC. Explosion or Flare Back Falling or Flying Object Fellow Worker, Patient Hand Tool or Machine in Use Motor Vehicle Moving Parts of Machine Object Being Lifted or Handled Object Handled by Others Struck or Injured, NOC includes kicked, stabbed, bit, etc. All Notes: 28

29 1. Percentage totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 29

30 Table 10: FROI Claims By Nature of Injury (Detailed) - All Data Year Inj.Nature Inj.Nature.Desc Claims Pct Claims Pct MULTIPLE INJURIES OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE OR CUMULATIVE INJURY multiple injuries (physical and psychological) multiple physical injuries only aids all other cumulative injury, noc all other occupational disease injury, noc asbestosis black lung cancer carpal tunnel syndrome contagious disease dermatitis dust disease, noc hepatitis c loss of hearing mental disorder mental stress poisoning - chemical,(other than metals) poisoning - metal radiation respiratory disorders silicosis vdt - related diseases SPECIFIC INJURY all other specific injuries noc amputation angina pectoris asphyxiation burn concussion contusion crushing dislocation electric shock enucleation foreign body fracture freezing hearing loss or impairment heat prostration hernia infection

31 FROI Claims By Nature of Injury (Detailed) - All Data (continued) inflammation laceration myocardial infarction no physical injury poisoning - general puncture rupture severance sprain strain syncope vascular vision loss All Notes: 1. Percentage totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 31

32 Table 11: FROI Claims By Market Share - All Data Year Self.Ins Claims Pct Claims Pct Insured Self-Insured All Notes: 1. Totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 32

33 Table 12: FROI Claims By Age Group At Injury - All Data Year Age.Cat Claims Pct Claims Pct All Notes: 1. Percentage totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 3. Ages were determined using TransformedDOB (DN0052- See Appendix) that includes actual year and month with day of month assumed as the 15th. 33

34 Table 13: FROI Claims By Gender - All Data Year Gender Claims Pct Claims Pct Female Male Unknown All Notes: 1. Percentage totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 34

35 Table 14: FROI Claims, Injuries Occurring Within Tennessee Counties - All Data Year Anderson Bedford Benton Bledsoe Blount Bradley Campbell Cannon Carroll Carter Cheatham Chester Claiborne Clay Cocke Coffee Crockett Cumberland Davidson Decatur Dekalb Dickson Dyer Fayette Fentress Franklin Gibson Giles Grainger Greene Grundy Hamblen Hamilton Hancock Hardeman Hardin Hawkins Haywood Henderson Henry Hickman Houston Humphreys Jackson Jefferson

36 FROI Claims Occurring Within Tennessee Counties - All Data (continued) Johnson Knox Lake Lauderdale Lawrence Lewis Lincoln Loudon Macon Madison Marion Marshall Maury McMinn McNairy Meigs Monroe Montgomery Moore Morgan Obion Overton Perry Pickett Polk Putnam Rhea Roane Robertson Rutherford Scott Sequatchie Sevier Shelby Smith Stewart Sullivan Sumner Tipton Trousdale Unicoi Union Van Buren Warren Washington Wayne Weakley White

37 FROI Claims Occurring Within Tennessee Counties - All Data (continued) Williamson Wilson All Notes: 1. Summary Injury counts include only injuries occurring within Tennessee borders. Summary percentages represent the summary counts as a percentage of all data with non-missing location information. Data validity checks indicated a two-year combined total of 16 missing observations for DN0033 PSTL IN SITE - See Appendix. Therefore, many injuries occurred in other states. 2. Injury locations were reported by zip code. Since zip codes may span two or more counties, manual mapping to the predominate county was performed. Therefore, county injury counts should be viewed as estimates. 37

38 Table 15: FROI Claims Occurring Within Grand Divisions of Tennessee - All Data Year Grand.Division Claims Pct Claims Pct EAST MIDDLE WEST All Notes: 1. Summary Injury counts include only injuries occurring within Tennessee borders. Summary percentages represent the summary counts as a percentage of all data with non-missing location information. Data validity checks indicated a two-year combined total of 16 missing observations for DN0033 PSTL INJ SITE - See Appendix. Therefore, many injuries occurred in other states. 2. Injury locations were reported by zip code. Since zip codes may span two or more counties/grand Divisions, manual mapping to the predominate county/grand Division was performed. Therefore, all injury counts should be viewed as estimates. 38

39 Table 16: 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Two-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data 2015 Naics2 Desc. MPS.Claims MP.Claims UI.Empl QCEW.Empl MPS.Rate MP.Rate 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 22 Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Transportation and Warehousing Information Finance and Insurance Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 61 Educational Services Health Care and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Accommodation and Food Services Other Services (except Public Administration) NA All Notes: 1. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 39

40 Table 17: 2015 BLS SOII Rate Comparison To Other Measures By Two-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data 2015 Naics2 Desc. MP.Claims MP.Rate ACS.FTEadj MP.Adj TP.Adj.L90 TP.Adj.U90 BLS.Rate 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 21 Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Transportation and Warehousing Information Finance and Insurance Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 55 Management of Companies and Enterprises 56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services Educational Services Health Care and Social Assistance 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 72 Accommodation and Food Services 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) NA NA. NA NA NA All

41 Notes: 1. MP.Claims include only claims that could be deterministically matched to an individual employer. Approximately 30 percent of the total claims were unmatched. 2. MP.Adj adjusts the MP.Rate for average worker exposure of more or less than 2000 hours annually. 3. TP.Adj.L90 and TP.Adj.U90 are the lower and upper bounds of a 90 percent probability interval for the total private rate. 4. The BLS.Rate comes from the BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) published data. 5. BLS does not publish a rate for NAICS 52 Finance & Insurance sector. The BLS.Rate shown for NAICS 52 is the rate for the NAICS supersector. 41

42 Table 18: 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data 2015 Naics3 Desc. MPS.Claims MP.Claims UI.Empl QCEW.Empl MPS.Rate MP.Rate 111 Crop Production Animal Production and Aquaculture Forestry and Logging Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry Mining (except Oil and Gas) Support Activities for Mining Utilities Construction of Buildings Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction Specialty Trade Contractors Food Manufacturing Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing Textile Mills Textile Product Mills Apparel Manufacturing Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Wood Product Manufacturing Paper Manufacturing Printing and Related Support Activities Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing Chemical Manufacturing Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing Primary Metal Manufacturing Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing Machinery Manufacturing Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

43 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 337 Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing Miscellaneous Manufacturing Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores Electronics and Appliance Stores Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers Food and Beverage Stores Health and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores Sporting Goods, Hobby, Musical Instrument, and Book Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Nonstore Retailers Air Transportation Water Transportation Truck Transportation Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation Support Activities for Transportation Postal Service NA 492 Couriers and Messengers Warehousing and Storage Publishing Industries (except Internet) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries Broadcasting (except Internet) Telecommunications

44 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 518 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services Other Information Services Monetary Authorities-Central Bank NA 522 Credit Intermediation and Related Activities Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities Insurance Carriers and Related Activities Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles NA 531 Real Estate Rental and Leasing Services Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) 541 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Administrative and Support Services Waste Management and Remediation Services Educational Services Ambulatory Health Care Services Hospitals Nursing and Residential Care Facilities Social Assistance Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries 712 Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions 713 Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries Accommodation Food Services and Drinking Places Repair and Maintenance Personal and Laundry Services Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations Private Households

45 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 999 NA All Notes: 1. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 45

46 Table 19: 2015 BLS SOII Rate Comparison To Other Measures By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data 2015 Naics3 Desc. MP.Claims MP.Rate ACS.FTEadj MP.Adj TP.Adj.L90 TP.Adj.U90 BLS.Rate 111 Crop Production NA NA 112 Animal Production and Aquaculture 113 Forestry and Logging NA 115 Support Activities for Agriculture NA and Forestry 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) NA 213 Support Activities for Mining NA 221 Utilities Construction of Buildings NA NA NA NA Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction NA NA NA NA Specialty Trade Contractors NA NA NA NA Food Manufacturing Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing Textile Mills Textile Product Mills Apparel Manufacturing Leather and Allied Product NA Manufacturing 321 Wood Product Manufacturing Paper Manufacturing Printing and Related Support Activities 324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing NA 325 Chemical Manufacturing Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing Primary Metal Manufacturing

47 2015 BLS SOII Rate Comparison To Other Measures By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing Machinery Manufacturing Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing 335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 337 Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing Miscellaneous Manufacturing Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods 424 Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods 425 Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers 441 Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers 442 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 443 Electronics and Appliance Stores 444 Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers NA NA Food and Beverage Stores Health and Personal Care Stores 447 Gasoline Stations Clothing and Clothing Accessories NA Stores 451 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Musical Instrument, and Book Stores

48 2015 BLS SOII Rate Comparison To Other Measures By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 452 General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Nonstore Retailers Air Transportation Water Transportation NA 484 Truck Transportation Transit and Ground Passenger NA Transportation 487 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation NA 488 Support Activities for Transportation Postal Service 3 NA 0.96 NA NA NA NA 492 Couriers and Messengers NA 493 Warehousing and Storage Publishing Industries (except Internet) 512 Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries NA 515 Broadcasting (except Internet) NA 517 Telecommunications Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services NA 519 Other Information Services NA 521 Monetary Authorities-Central 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA Bank 522 Credit Intermediation and Related Activities 523 Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities 524 Insurance Carriers and Related Activities 525 Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 531 Real Estate NA 48

49 2015 BLS SOII Rate Comparison To Other Measures By Three-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 532 Rental and Leasing Services NA 533 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copy NA NA NA NA NA righted Works) 541 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 551 Management of Companies and Enterprises 561 Administrative and Support Services 562 Waste Management and Remediation Services NA NA NA NA NA NA Educational Services Ambulatory Health Care Services 622 Hospitals Nursing and Residential Care Facilities 624 Social Assistance Performing Arts, Spectator NA Sports, and Related Industries 712 Museums, Historical Sites, and NA Similar Institutions 713 Amusement, Gambling, and NA Recreation Industries 721 Accommodation Food Services and Drinking Places Repair and Maintenance NA 812 Personal and Laundry Services Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations NA 814 Private Households NA 999 NA NA NA NA NA NA All

50 Notes: 1. MP.Claims include only claims that could be deterministically matched to an individual employer. Approximately 30 percent of the total claims were unmatched. 2. MP.Adj adjusts the MP.Rate for average worker exposure of more or less than 2000 hours annually. 3. TP.Adj.L90 and TP.Adj.U90 are the lower and upper bounds of a 90 percent probability interval for the total private rate. 4. The BLS.Rate comes from the BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) published data. 50

51 Table 20: 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data 2015 Naics4 Desc. MPS.Claims MP.Claims UI.Empl QCEW.Empl MPS.Rate MP.Rate 1111 Oilseed and Grain Farming Vegetable and Melon Farming Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production Other Crop Farming Cattle Ranching and Farming Hog and Pig Farming Poultry and Egg Production NA 1125 Aquaculture NA 1129 Other Animal Production NA 1133 Logging Support Activities for Crop Production Support Activities for Animal Production Support Activities for Forestry Metal Ore Mining NA 2123 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying Support Activities for Mining Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Natural Gas Distribution Water, Sewage and Other Systems Residential Building Construction Nonresidential Building Construction Utility System Construction Land Subdivision Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 2381 Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors Building Equipment Contractors Building Finishing Contractors Other Specialty Trade Contractors Animal Food Manufacturing

52 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing 3115 Dairy Product Manufacturing Animal Slaughtering and Processing Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing Other Food Manufacturing Beverage Manufacturing Tobacco Manufacturing Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills Fabric Mills Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills Textile Furnishings Mills Other Textile Product Mills Apparel Knitting Mills Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing Footwear Manufacturing Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Sawmills and Wood Preservation Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing 3219 Other Wood Product Manufacturing Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills Converted Paper Product Manufacturing Printing and Related Support Activities Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing Basic Chemical Manufacturing Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing 3253 Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing

53 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 3256 Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing 3259 Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing Plastics Product Manufacturing Rubber Product Manufacturing Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 3311 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing 3312 Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel 3313 Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing 3314 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing Foundries Forging and Stamping Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing NA 3323 Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing 3324 Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing Hardware Manufacturing NA 3326 Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing 3328 Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities 3329 Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

54 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 3331 Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing Industrial Machinery Manufacturing Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing 3334 Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing 3339 Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing 3341 Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing Communications Equipment Manufacturing Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing 3345 Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing 3346 Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing Household Appliance Manufacturing Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing 3363 Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing Ship and Boat Building Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing NA 54

55 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 3371 Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing 3372 Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing Other Furniture Related Product Manufacturing Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 4232 Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers 4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers 4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 4235 Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers 4236 Household Appliances and Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers 4237 Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 4241 Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers 4242 Drugs and Druggists Sundries Merchant Wholesalers 4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers 4244 Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers 4245 Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers

56 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 4246 Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers 4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers 4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers 4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 4251 Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers Automobile Dealers Other Motor Vehicle Dealers Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores Furniture Stores Home Furnishings Stores Electronics and Appliance Stores Building Material and Supplies Dealers Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores Grocery Stores Specialty Food Stores Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores Health and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe Stores Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Stores Book Stores and News Dealers Other General Merchandise Stores Florists Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores Used Merchandise Stores Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses

57 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 4542 Vending Machine Operators Direct Selling Establishments Scheduled Air Transportation Nonscheduled Air Transportation Inland Water Transportation General Freight Trucking Specialized Freight Trucking Urban Transit Systems Taxi and Limousine Service School and Employee Bus Transportation Charter Bus Industry Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other Support Activities for Air Transportation Support Activities for Rail Transportation Support Activities for Road Transportation Freight Transportation Arrangement Other Support Activities for Transportation Postal Service NA 4921 Couriers and Express Delivery Services Local Messengers and Local Delivery Warehousing and Storage Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers Software Publishers Motion Picture and Video Industries Sound Recording Industries Radio and Television Broadcasting NA 5152 Cable and Other Subscription Programming NA 5171 Wired Telecommunications Carriers Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) Other Telecommunications NA Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services 5191 Other Information Services

58 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 5211 Monetary Authorities-Central Bank NA 5221 Depository Credit Intermediation Nondepository Credit Intermediation Activities Related to Credit Intermediation Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage 5239 Other Financial Investment Activities NA 5241 Insurance Carriers Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities 5251 Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds Lessors of Real Estate Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers Activities Related to Real Estate Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing Consumer Goods Rental General Rental Centers Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing 5331 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) 5411 Legal Services Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services 5413 Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services Specialized Design Services Computer Systems Design and Related Services Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services 5417 Scientific Research and Development Services Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services 5419 Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 5511 Management of Companies and Enterprises

59 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 5611 Office Administrative Services Facilities Support Services Employment Services Business Support Services Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services Investigation and Security Services Services to Buildings and Dwellings Other Support Services Waste Collection Waste Treatment and Disposal Remediation and Other Waste Management Services Elementary and Secondary Schools Junior Colleges Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 6114 Business Schools and Computer and Management Training Technical and Trade Schools Other Schools and Instruction Educational Support Services Offices of Physicians Offices of Dentists Offices of Other Health Practitioners Outpatient Care Centers Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories Home Health Care Services Other Ambulatory Health Care Services General Medical and Surgical Hospitals Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals 6231 Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities)

60 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 6232 Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse Facilities 6233 Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly Other Residential Care Facilities Individual and Family Services Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief Services Vocational Rehabilitation Services Child Day Care Services Performing Arts Companies Spectator Sports Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures 7115 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions 7131 Amusement Parks and Arcades NA 7132 Gambling Industries NA 7139 Other Amusement and Recreation Industries Traveler Accommodation RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recre ational Camps 7213 Rooming and Boarding Houses Special Food Services Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) Restaurants and Other Eating Places Automotive Repair and Maintenance Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance 8113 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance

61 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) 8114 Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance Personal Care Services Death Care Services Drycleaning and Laundry Services Other Personal Services Religious Organizations Grantmaking and Giving Services Social Advocacy Organizations Civic and Social Organizations Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations Private Households NA All Notes: 1. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 61

62 Table 21: 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data Rank Comp.Score Naics4 Desc. MP.Claims MP.Rate MP.Rank CLM.Rank Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools Building Material and Supplies Dealers Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Couriers and Express Delivery Services Residential Building Construction Used Merchandise Stores General Freight Trucking Vocational Rehabilitation Services Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse Facilities Other Ambulatory Health Care Services Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers Specialized Freight Trucking Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Employment Services Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Bro- kers Scheduled Air Transportation Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing Spectator Sports Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing Building Equipment Contractors Grocery Stores Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing 62

63 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Individual and Family Services Urban Transit Systems General Medical and Surgical Hospitals Plastics Product Manufacturing Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Ser- vices Office Administrative Services Dairy Product Manufacturing Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers Architectural and Structural Metals Manufactur- ing Foundries Management of Companies and Enterprises Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors Continuing Care Retirement Communities and As- sisted Living Facilities for the Elderly Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing Nonresidential Building Construction Services to Buildings and Dwellings Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing Forging and Stamping Lumber and Other Construction Materials Mer- chant Wholesalers Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities) 63

64 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Ship and Boat Building Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction Other Specialty Trade Contractors Beverage Manufacturing Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing Building Finishing Contractors Warehousing and Storage Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions Sawmills and Wood Preservation Special Food Services Consumer Goods Rental Waste Collection Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing Social Advocacy Organizations Elementary and Secondary Schools Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing Home Health Care Services Other Wood Product Manufacturing Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers Traveler Accommodation Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing Automobile Dealers Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 64

65 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Other Furniture Related Product Manufacturing Civic and Social Organizations Remediation and Other Waste Management Services Restaurants and Other Eating Places Activities Related to Real Estate Vending Machine Operators Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities Utility System Construction Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing Lessors of Real Estate Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing Footwear Manufacturing Outpatient Care Centers Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production Animal Slaughtering and Processing Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Offices of Physicians Performing Arts Companies Investigation and Security Services Support Activities for Road Transportation 65

66 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services Automotive Repair and Maintenance Furniture Stores Converted Paper Product Manufacturing Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores Hog and Pig Farming Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Stores Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Gasoline Stations Home Furnishings Stores Other Support Activities for Transportation Household Appliances and Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers Other Amusement and Recreation Industries Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers Other Textile Product Mills Printing and Related Support Activities Local Messengers and Local Delivery Health and Personal Care Stores Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Whole- salers Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing Industrial Machinery Manufacturing

67 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Natural Gas Distribution Logging Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing Support Activities for Rail Transportation Rubber Product Manufacturing Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief Services Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation Other Support Services Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing Clothing Stores Freight Transportation Arrangement Child Day Care Services Drycleaning and Laundry Services Insurance Carriers Other Personal Services Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing

68 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Depository Credit Intermediation Grain and Oilseed Milling Other Food Manufacturing Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Prepa- ration Manufacturing Support Activities for Air Transportation Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers Other General Merchandise Stores Basic Chemical Manufacturing Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events Electronics and Appliance Stores Motion Picture and Video Industries Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing Support Activities for Crop Production Drugs and Druggists Sundries Merchant Wholesalers Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing General Rental Centers Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing Computer Systems Design and Related Services Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing

69 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing Scientific Research and Development Services Textile Furnishings Mills Other Residential Care Facilities Direct Selling Establishments Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing Shoe Stores Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses Business Support Services Other Motor Vehicle Dealers Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing Offices of Other Health Practitioners Facilities Support Services Household Appliance Manufacturing Religious Organizations Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying Rooming and Boarding Houses Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 69

70 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Offices of Dentists Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing Support Activities for Mining Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores Death Care Services Fabric Mills Wired Telecommunications Carriers Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) Support Activities for Animal Production Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other Water, Sewage and Other Systems Charter Bus Industry Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services Nonscheduled Air Transportation Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals Legal Services Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers Other Schools and Instruction Vegetable and Melon Farming Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance 70

71 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Book Stores and News Dealers Waste Treatment and Disposal Apparel Knitting Mills Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing Florists Personal Care Services Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers Other Telecommunications Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) Nondepository Credit Intermediation Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores Grantmaking and Giving Services Oilseed and Grain Farming Specialty Food Stores Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance Activities Related to Credit Intermediation Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds Junior Colleges Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

72 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) Educational Support Services Land Subdivision Taxi and Limousine Service Animal Food Manufacturing Sound Recording Industries Private Households Support Activities for Forestry Cattle Ranching and Farming Other Information Services Business Schools and Computer and Management Training Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores Specialized Design Services Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals Communications Equipment Manufacturing RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps School and Employee Bus Transportation Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermedia- tion and Brokerage Other Crop Farming Technical and Trade Schools 72

73 2015 Four-Digit NAICS Industries By Severity Rank - Matched Private Data (continued) Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Opti- cal Media Tobacco Manufacturing Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures Inland Water Transportation Software Publishers Notes: 1. CLM.Rank is the ordinal ranking of MP.Claims (1 = worst). 2. MP.Rank is the ordinal ranking of MP.Rate* (1= worst). 3. Comp.Score = (CLM.Rank + MP.Rank) / 2. * For some three and four-digit NAICS industries, American Community Survey (ACS) data is insufficient to calculate exposure adjustments. For consistency in ranking, it was necessary to use the unadjusted MP.Rate. 73

74 Table 22: FROI Claims By Tenure With Employer By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data Year Naics4 MP.Claims Avg.Tenure Pct.MP.Claims MP.Claims Avg.Tenure Pct.MP.Claims

75 FROI Claims By Tenure With Employer By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued)

76 FROI Claims By Tenure With Employer By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued)

77 FROI Claims By Tenure With Employer By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued)

78 FROI Claims By Tenure With Employer By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued)

79 FROI Claims By Tenure With Employer By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued)

80 FROI Claims By Tenure With Employer By Four-Digit NAICS Industry - Matched Private Data (continued) All Notes: 1. Percentage totals may not equal 100 percent due to rounding error. 2. Category count totals may not equal overall counts because of missing data. 3. MP.Claims include only claims that could be deterministically matched to an individual employer. Approximately 30 percent of the total claims were unmatched. 80

81 Table 23: FROI Claims By Employer Size - Matched Private Data Year Firm.Sz.Cat MPS.Claims MP.Claims MPS.Claims MP.Claims All Notes: 1. MP.Claims and MPS.Claims include only claims that could be deterministically matched to a private sector employer. Approximately 30 percent of the total claims were unmatched. 81

82 Table 24: 2015 FROI Claims, Employments, and Rates By Employer Size - Matched Private Single Establishment Data Firm.Sz.Cat MPS.Claims UI.Empl MPS.Rate All Notes: 1. UI.Empl includes only the matched, private sector, single establishment (MPS) enterprises that filed claims and is less than the actual private sector employment for single establishments. 2. There were over 800 establishments reporting zero employees. This inflates the MPS.Rate for the 0-4 category. 3. MPS.Rate includes only claims that could be deterministically matched to a private sector, single establishment employer. Approximately 30 percent of the total claims were unmatched. 4. Size classes could not be reliably determined for an individual establishment of a multi-establishment enterprise. 82

83 8 Appendix 83

84 Table 25: Data Properties of 2014 FROI Observations - All Data 84

85 Table 26: Data Properties of 2015 FROI Observations - All Data 85