Herb Schueneman (Train Lover ESQ) President & CEO WESTPAK, Inc. June 2015

Transcription

1 Herb Schueneman (Train Lover ESQ) President & CEO WESTPAK, Inc. June 2015

2 Agenda General Characteristics of the Rail Shipping Environment vs. Truck Significant Environmental Elements Not Well Addressed Currently Proposals for Procedures/Equipment to Address These Elements Adding These Procedures to Commonly Used Package Integrity Tests 2

3 What Are the Rail Shipping Hazards? Impacts: Vehicle Lading Vibration: Vertical, Lateral, Longitudinal Side Sway Temperature & Humidity Extremes Altitude (Low Pressure) Compression Others 3

4 How Do These Compare to Trucking Vertical Shock Hazard Rail Truck Horizontal Shock 0.25 G mean,.5 G Peak 2.0 G mean, G Peak 0.5 G mean,.85 Peak 0.25 G mean,.5 G Peak Vertical Vibration 0.2 G mean,.5 G Peak 0.45 G mean,.8 G Peak Lateral Vibration 0.1 G mean Below 0.1G Longitudinal Vibration 0.2 G mean Below 0.1 G Side Sway +/- 5 Negligible Temp/Humidity Levels Environment Environment Top Load Compression 10 lb/cu.ft. Sources: FPL-22 (1979), MADE Study (1997) 10 lb/cu.ft. 4

5 Significant Differences to Lading Hazard Rail Truck Vertical Shock 0.25 G mean,.5 G Peak 0.5 G mean,.85 Peak Horizontal Shock 2.0 G mean, G Peak 0.25 G mean,.5 G Peak Vertical Vibration 0.2 G mean,.5 G Peak 0.45 G mean,.8 G Peak Lateral Vibration 0.1 G mean Below 0.1G Longitudinal Vibration 0.2 G mean Below 0.1 G Side Sway +/- 5 Negligible Temp/Humidity Levels Environment Environment Top Load Compression 10 lb/cu.ft. 10 lb/cu.ft. 5

6 Horizontal Shock Where does this come from? Yard coupling (humping) Vertical grade change (coupler compression & run-out) Car draft gear (wide variety of types and effects) 6

7 Horizontal Shock What are the levels? Yard coupling is the most significant by far 3 10 G s common with long stroke draft gear G s measured with standard draft gear 7

8 Horizontal Shock How do we test for this in the lab? 1. Conbur or Inclined Impact Test 8

9 Horizontal Shock How do we test for this in the lab? 2. Horizontal Impact Test System - HITS 9

10 ASTM D Simulated Rail Switching Selectable Part of Standard Package Integrity Testing 10

11 Significant Issues With Horizontal Shock on Rail 1. Round pegs in square holes a)point-to-point contact of cans & bottles (rigid) in rectangular cases 2. More massive components/elements that can respond to longer duration shock pulses a) Power supply transformers b) Fluids in rigid containers (bag-in-box) c) Autos with wheels secured 3. Lading shifting and secondary impacting a) Bulkhead impacts b) Dynamic compression from rear loading 4. Lots of others 11

12 ASTM D Schedule G Simulated Rail Switching 12

13 ASTM D Schedule G Simulated Rail Switching 2014 No Assurance Level III Cannot be used on inclined impact tester (Conbur) 13

14 Significant Issues With Horizontal Shock on Rail It is the opinion of this presenter that many if not most of the horizontal shock issues associated with rail shipment can be studied and resolved with the wider use of HITS equipment and similar technology. 14

15 Rail Vibration Data 99% Level of Zero to Peak Amplitude G Measurements on Cargo Floor Frequency Longitudinal Transverse Axis Vertical Axis Band Hz Axis Source: Magnuson and Wilson (1977) 15

16 Laboratory Simulation of the Rail Vibration Environment Currently Single axis vibration tests Hz typically G rms excitation levels Shaped random vibration profile One to three hour duration 16

17 Rail Vibration Data Summary: Lots of studies, data, opinions, etc Significant excitation in all axes Levels well below typical truck input Side sway ignored TOFC & COFC not focused on 17

18 Significant Issues With Vibration in Rail Shipment What s missing. No top load Vertical only No side sway 18

19 Laboratory Simulation of the Rail Vibration Environment How to address this. Longer term: o o o Use three axis shakers Apply top loads as required Adjust test times as required Short term: o o o Use a tilt table on a vertical linear shaker Validate with known commodities/shipping history Adjust test times as required 19

20 Rail Vibration Data Here s what we know: 1. Vibration levels in rail are significantly lower than truck in the vertical (z) axis 2. X and Y axis input from rail is significantly higher than truck 3. X axis (lateral) motion side sway becomes very important with the higher stack heights available on rail 4. TOFC & especially COFC compound this affect 99% Level of Zero to Peak Amplitude G Measurements on Cargo Floor Frequenc y Band Hz Longitudinal Axis Transverse Axis Vertical Axis Source: Magnuson and Wilson (1977) 20

21 What is Side Sway? 21

22 More Realistically 22

23 How to Measure Side Sway and It s Effects Observation tells us that: to 18 inch full oscillation (measured at the top of the car or container) is possible 2. This amounts to 4-5 tilt in the horizontal plane of the stationary rail car (roll) 3. Significant lateral excursion will occur near the top of the load or container or trailer 4. Palletized loads will suffer substantially more scuffing and rubbing in this environment 23

24 How to Deal With Side Sway & Vibration Issues 24

25 How to Deal With Side Sway & Vibration Issues Take an existing vertical linear vibration test system. 25

26 How to Deal With Side Sway & Vibration Issues Add a simple +/- 5 tilt table. 26

27 Laboratory Simulation of the Rail Vibration Environment The result might look something like this. 27

28 Advantages Tilt + vertical linear vibration testing would give: 1. The ability to closely mimic the forces, levels, orientations, and motions of the actual rail vibration environment 2. A good method of testing designs in the lab 3. A good comparison between competing materials, methods, etc. 4. The ability to optimize package designs prior to shipping 28

29 Tilt + vertical linear vibration testing It s an idea who s time has come. Rail Shipping must be ready to embrace a much wider variety of commodities well beyond bulk materials and dense products in the future. The efficiencies of rail are too significant to exclude a vast majority of the world s commerce. 29

30 Parting shot To test or not to test is NOT the question Your products or lading will ALWAYS be tested (the rail environment will see to that always!) 30

31 Parting shot The real question is: Who will see the results first; - the shipper or the customer? Accurate laboratory testing of the product before shipment is essential for a quality delivered standard. 31

32 Caboose Thank you! Are there any 32

33 THANK YOU! About WESTPAK Mission Statement Westpak's mission is to provide the best possible and highest quality testing services in an environmentally friendly manner, using calibrated and well-maintained equipment at all times, conducted by test engineers that are knowledgeable, highly motivated, and well-trained. Herb Schueneman President & CEO WESTPAK, Inc. Core Values 1.Be passionate and determined, creative & open-minded 2.Build open & honest relationships with communication 3.Always go beyond excellent customer service 4.Develop & nurture a passion for excellence 5.Pursue growth, learning, & understanding 6.Leave everyplace better than you found it 7.Act with integrity and accountability 8.Value wisdom, embrace change 9.Seek the truth always 10.Be Humble 33