Through Train Services in Japan

Transcription

1 Through Train Services in Japan Institute of Transportation Economics Fumio KUROSAKI, Ph.D. Technical Training on Urban Railway Policy

2 Fundamental Policy for Through-Train Services in Japan Philosophy for Safety: Separation of responsibilities at the border station This philosophy is applied to all the reciprocal through-services in Japan such as: 1) JR & JR; 2) JR & Metro;3) Private & Metro; 4) Other cases Ex.) Shinkansen Lines Through-services Separation of Responsibilities JR Kyushu Hakata Sta. Shin-Osaka Sta. Tokyo Sta. JR West JR Central JR East Morioka Sta. JRTT (Public) JR West JR Central JR East JRTT (Public) Vertical Separation Vertical Integration Vertical Separation 2

3 Situation in EU Countries 3

4 Start of European Rail Policies Traditional International Railway Transport Country A Border Country B Border Country C Border Country D Original Background in EU International rail freight transport was not competitive against roads. Liberalized International Railway Transport requested by European Directives Country A Border Country B Border Country C Border Country D Source: Hori, M. (2000) Transport Policy in Modern Europe and Railway Reform-Vertical Separation and Open Access, ZeimuKeiri Kyokai 4

5 Competition in the Market (Open Access, On-track Competition) Liberalized International Railway Transport requested by European Directives Country A Border Country B Border Country C Border Country D Operator 1 Operator 2 Operator 3 4~ Infrastructutre Manager Open access has become common in the freight rail transport in the EU 5

6 Coordination Problems in EU Railways Railway operation is separated to promote on-track competition. Railway Operator A Railway Operator B Train Operations Coordination problems occur especially when infrastructure capacity is limited. Owner and Manager of the Infrastructure Infrastructure Management Railway operation is separated in Europe. This rail management is still controversial in Europe. 6

7 Open Access in EU Countries Infrastructure of Railway A Infrastructure of Railway B Rolling stock of Railway A Train Operation by Railway A Revenue to Railway A Rolling stock of Railway B Train Operation by Railway B Revenue to Railway B Source: Japan Railway & Transport Review No. 63 p.23 7

8 Exchange of responsibility for train operation Operation by a single operator Situation in Japan 8

9 Through Train Services in Japan (1) Infrastructure of Railway A Infrastructure of Railway B Rolling stock of Railway A Rolling stock of Railway B Operation by Railway A Revenue to Railway A Operation by Railway B Revenue to Railway B : Border Station Source: Japan Railway & Transport Review No. 63 p.23 9

10 Through Train Services in Japan (2) Because of the commercial benefits of the two railways, the number has been increasing steadily. Total sections New sections Figure. Sections with Reciprocal Through Services in Metropolitan Areas in Japan 10

11 Comparison of Railway Operation Japan Europe & Some Followers? Railway Operation Smooth Coordination Integrated Operation Railway Operator A Railway Operator B Train Operations Coordination Problems Infrastructure Owner Owner and Manager of the Infrastructure Infrastructure Management Vertical Integration (most cases) Vertical Separation (some cases) Ownership of infrastructure varies Vertical Separation Direction aimed by EU policy 11

12 <References> Through Train Services in Japan Kurosaki, F. (2014) Through-Train Services: A Comparison between Jap and Europe, Japan Railway & Transport Review (JRTR), Issue 63, pp * Kurosaki, F. (2017) A Comparative Study of Passenger Through Train Operation between Japan and Europe * The paper will be available after the 12 th EASTS (Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, September 2017 Fumio KUROSAKI, Ph.D. Contact: FumioKurosaki@itej.or.jp