RFID Based Self-Parking Chair

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1 RFID Based Self-Parking Chair Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 2, Issue 3 March 2017 Mr.Kunal V Gavit kunalgavit27@gmail.com Mr.Akshay A Zaware zaware.akshay2014@gmail.com Mr.Khushal K wagh khushalwagh69@gmail.com Prof. Nitesh Kumar Assistant Prof., niteshkumarthakur2@gmail.com Mr.Gaurav D Patil gdpatil39@gmail.com Prof.Saikiran Adapa Assistant Prof., saikiransadapa@gmail.com ABSTRACT In the era where we are getting ready to welcome autonomous cars into our lives, it seems like an understatement to say that technology has come a long way. Considering the comparatively greater leeway for innovation, our paper introduces automated Self-Parking Chair that serves to enrich people s lives through technology. The paper proposes a novel mobile chair navigation using a customized RFID reader mounted on the robot and a number of standard RFID tags attached in the chair s environment to define its path. These are the automated chairs that respond to a user s clapping by returning to their predetermined spot, where they neatly tuck themselves in. It basically uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in automation for detecting and tracking back to the desired position. When an RF signal is transmitted from an RFID tags, the RFID reader reads the carrier signals and simultaneously picks up the direction of the RFID tags using the received signal patterns and performs the respective operation. Transistor based clap switch is used as a triggering switch for microcontroller, which uses sound signals unlike other physical switches. This method is computationally simpler and more cost effective than many of its counterparts in the state of the art. It is also modular and easy to implement since it is independent of the chair s architecture and its workspace. The Hardware Development board used here is ATmega328 development board. It also employs motor driver IC L293D used for motors fitted at its base to drive the wheels. The software part is done in Arduino IDE using Embedded C. Hardware is implemented and software porting is done. Keywords: RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), Automated, Transistor based clap switch, ATmega328, Driver IC L293D, Arduino, Embedded C 1. INTRODUCTION This concept aims at increasing knowledge around the latest technological advancements, while showing how this is changing our daily lives. Self-Parking Chairs could be a genuine boost to efficiency considering manual labor deployed to set up large conference rooms. It could shave labor off assistants having to position numerous tables and chairs according to meeting mode and head count in large offices and conference rooms. It stresses on replacing the existing manual parking system by reducing personnel requirement. In this project we have developed RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) based automatic parking chair. It is a unique chair that automatically moves to a set position which include wheels that move 360 degrees paired with a system that indicates target position. They can also reverse and turn. RFID tags are used to wirelessly transmit the chair s position and its route to destination. The chairs swing into action around a room, self-guiding to finally park at a table in response to a person s claps which directs the chairs to neatly fill gaps on a given table. 1.1 Radio Frequency Identification Technology Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is an automatic identification system that is very useful and requires no personnel. By using RFID technology, manually achieved workloads will be decreased to a great extent. This technology is universal, useful and efficient and is much more secure than other networks. RFID is a generic term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. Unlike bar codes, no clear line of sight is required to obtain an accurate read. The basic RFID system comprises a transponder, a reader and an antenna. Data is stored in a transponder device called a tag. RFID tags play an important role as an inventory tracking technology. In this work, the main components of RFID technology are RFID readers and RFID tags to track the predefined path. Tags can be read- only or read/write. One used in this system is the read only type. There are many different types of RFID systems in the market categorised on the basis of their frequency ranges viz. low- frequency ( khz), mid-frequency (900 khz- 1500MHz) and high-frequency ( GHz). Antennae are available in a variety of shapes and sizes. And tags can be classified as read-only, write-once and full read-write or passive-active. The RFID based automatic parking chair is an independent system in itself and does not depend on any service from any external system. All inputs and outputs concerned with our system is handled by various components of system itself like sensors, processors, buzzers, display, transducers etc. In this way, as an alternative to personnel- 275

2 controlled traditional parking operations, an unmanned, atomized chair control and identification system has been developed. Thus RFID based automatic parking chair is selfcontained. The utilization of RFID technology is novel and might enhance the existed automation system. RFID is one of the most fundamental technologies that enable wireless data transmission. 2. PROPOSED WORK A RFID-based autonomous mobile chair (robot) is designed and implemented in this paper for more extensively application of RFID systems. In this project, clap s sound is used as an input to the system, which turns the power supply ON when user is having no contact with the chair, which is sensed by the touch sensor provided on the chair. In this proposed work, sound signal is used as a switch to energize the system unlike other physical switches. Once the power supply is turned ON using clapper switch, the ATmega328 microcontroller is used to control the proposed autonomous mobile chair and to communicate with RFID reader. Due to the uniqueness of RFID tag, the moving control commands such as turn right, turn left, speed up and speed down etc. The autonomous mobile robot can read the moving control commands from the tags and accomplish the required actions. By using the RF signal from the RFID tags as an analog feedback signals can be a promising strategy to navigate a mobile chair within an unknown or uncertain indoor environment. As the carrier signals received by the RFID reader are analog in nature the microcontroller converts them into digital signals using the inbuilt ADC present on the ATmega328 and sends them to motor driver IC L293D which drives the dc motors accordingly. The instructions send to the driver IC are programmed in Arduino IDE using embedded C language. Each time a RFID tag is swiped at the RFID reader a piezo-buzzer sounds a buzz. This is done to ensure that the user as well as the system is aware if RFID tag has been successfully read or not. IR Sensor is placed at the front to monitor and detect obstructions in real time. It passes on this input to the microprocessor which then processes it to provide information to the system for taking necessary precautions. 2.1 APPROACH FOR DESIGNED SYSTEM 3. DESCRIPTION FOR DESIGNED SYSTEM The basic RFID system comprises a transponder and a reader with an inbuilt antenna. Data is stored in a transponder device called a tag. Current tags, depending on application, can hold up to 2 Kbits of data. Tags can be read-only or read/write. Tag used here is read only type. The components of the system with their corresponding functions are as follows: Microprocessor: It takes all the inputs it receives from RFID transducer and IR sensors and processes them based on algorithms stored and provide the corresponding output to the motor driver. All the inputs, processing and output happen in real time. IR Sensor: It is placed on chair to detect obstacles in its predefined path while reaching its destination. RFID Reader: It reads information from the passive RFID tags used in the system. This input is passed on to the microprocessor which processes the passed-on information and then undertakes necessary actions. RFID Tag: The RFID tags or tokens used here are type 0 passive tags which are read-only. The autonomous chair can read the moving control commands from the tags and accomplish the required actions. Buzzer: Each time a RFID tag is swiped at the RFID reader a buzzer sounds a buzz. This is done to ensure that the user as well as the system is aware if RFID tag has been successfully read or not. 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM 4.1 RFID Tags (Labels) Data is stored in a transponder device called a tag. They contain electronically stored information. RFID tags play an important role as an inventory tracking technology. They stores information about the object Read/Write or Read Only. Contact less, line of sight not required. Read Range: few inches if passive to hundreds of feet if active. Number of standard RFID tags is attached in the chair s environment to define its path operating at 125 KHz. Figure -1: Approach for RFID Based Autonomous Chair Figure -2: RFID Tag 276

3 4.2 RFID Reader It is used to power up the tag. It establishes bidirectional data link between them. It can communicate with microcontroller. It reads information from the RFID tags used in the system. They can read 100 to 300 tags per tag. These readers can be fixed or mobile type. standard for Low Frequency. Our RFID reader and tag operate at 125 KHz. Figure -5: RFID Reader and Tag Figure-3: EM18 RFID Reader In the RFID based Self-Parking Chair, the utilized RFID reader is an EM-18 RFID reader that is read-only and works on a 125 khz low frequency. The surrounding is fitted with the RFID tag also operating at 125 KHz. When the chair approaches the tag, RFID tag is scanned by the RFID reader and transmitted to controller ATmega328. By using the above mentioned RFID reader, RFID labels were managed to be read from approximately 10 cm distance. The utilized RFID readers are considerably small with circular shapes. That way they could easily be attached to the autonomous chair. The EM-18 RFID Reader module operating at 125 khz is an inexpensive solution for our RFID based application. The Reader module comes with an on-chip antenna and can be powered up with a 5V power supply. Just power-up the module and connect the transmit pin of the module to receive pin of our microcontroller and then we are ready to go. There are many different versions of RFID that operate at different radio frequencies. Three primary frequency bands have been allocated for RFID: 1. Low Frequency (125/134 KHz) They are most commonly used for access control and asset tracking. 2. Mid-Frequency (13.56 MHz) They are used where medium data rate and read ranges are required. 3. Ultra High-Frequency (850 MHz to 950 MHz and 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz) They offer the longest read range. For example, when the chair moves to tag 1 and receives the commands of turn left and speed up, then the Microcontroller ATmega328 will make some control actions to let the chair confirm the commands. While the chair moves to tag 2, the commands of go straight and slow down will be received and the microcontroller will once again make some control actions to let the chair confirm the commands. Therefore, the chair will then move in moving path automatically. Figure -4: Circuit diagram for EM-18 There are also four pin outs as shown above. They are as follows: 1. VCC: This is for providing required voltage to circuit. 2. GND: For grounding purpose. 3. TX: Signal out pin to interface with microcontroller. 4. En: This is kept at ground level. Technical Specification: Voltage: DC5V Electrical current :< 50MA Operating frequency: 125KHZ Read distance: 10 cm Engineering Standards: ISO Part 2 Parameters for Air Interface Communication below 135 KHz. This is an ISO Figure -6: Parking process of Autonomous Chair (Robot) 277

4 4.3 Controller Unit Controller unit is the brain of our proposed system. Arduino ATmega328 is a microcontroller board which acts as a brain in our system. It has 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog inputs. Its clock speed is 16 MHz and flash memory is 32KB. It requires operating voltage at 5V. It can be easily programmed by using arduino software IDE. Using an arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need to do in order to get a system running. The simplest of these are functions to control and read the I/O pins. In this project RFID output is connected to analog pins of the arduino. The arduino programming is written such that based on the RFID the output values are processed and the direction and speed of the motors and thus the wheels are controlled through the motor driver circuit. 4.5 Mechanical Unit Movement of mobile chair is achieved by the four wheels and each of them is connected with the DC motor of 10 rpm, 12V fitted at the bottom. It can make the chair to move forward or reverse direction and turn right or turn left directions. Chair platform has metal chassis to hold the battery and other units. Figure -8: DC Motor 10 RPM, 12V 4.6 Software Unit Arduino software IDE is used to upload the program codes to Arduino ATmega328 microcontroller for desired application. The software part is done in Arduino IDE using Embedded C. 4.7 Motor Driver Unit The power from arduino controller is very small to operate the motors. Therefore motor driving circuit such as L293D driver IC is used to provide proper current rating to the motors. Figure -7: Pin Diagram for ATmega Power Supply Unit Power source is the heart of the parking chair. It uses a 12V rechargeable battery. It supplies energy to motors for movement. Arduino controller for making decisions, sensors to provide environmental information is all powered by battery unit. Figure -9: Pin Diagram for L293D Driver IC CONCLUSION Recent advancements in the technology are making lives easier for everybody. The proposed work is very modular as it can be easily implemented in future in any type of working 278

5 environments. Currently the RFID Based Self-Parking Chair is in prototype stage and works with a limited number of sensors and on a limited scale. This prototype can be used effectively in the real time world like in the industries for transportation of goods from the working place to the go downs. The selection of the wheels must be according to the environment where the robot moves. Thus, the project on the Self-parking mobile chair is successfully implemented in the predefined environment. The future scope of this project on the self-parking mobile robot using RFID can be extended using the GSM, ZIGBEE technologies. Also it can be modified to add more features to suit specific needs or to adjust its cost- benefit ratio. Efforts are also being made to advance from the prototype stage into a more finished and polished product that will be suitable for demonstrations and promotion. The drawback of knowing the unknown environment can be cross over using the above proposed technologies. REFERENCES [1] RFID Journal - RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Technology News & Features. Retrieved July 21, 2011, from [2] Cline, A. (n.d.). What's Wrong with RFID Tags Tracking Everything, Everywhere, All The Time. Agnosticism / Atheism - Skepticism & Atheism for Atheists & Agnostics. Retrieved July 21, [3] Land, J.; The history of RFID, IEEE Potentials, Volume 24, Issue 4, Oct.-Nov. 2005, pp [4] Prathyusha.K, V. Harini, Dr. S. Balaji; Design and development of a RFID based mobile robot, [IJESAT] International Journal of Engineering Science & Advanced Technology, Volume - 1, Issue - 1, [5] Prabhakar Mishra, Sujith B.S, Kushal Mall ; A Novel Path Planning Algorithm for Autonomous Robot Navigation ICCAIE [6] R. Liu. P. Vorst. A. Koch. And A. Zell, Path following for indoor robots with RFID received signal strength, in Proc. of the 19 th Int. Conf. on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM 2011), Croatia, September [7] D. Joho, C. Plagemann, and W. Burgard, Modeling RFID signal strength and tag detection for localization and mapping, in Proc. of 2009 IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2009), Kobe, Japan, May 2009,pp [8] Nancy Owano; Self-parking chairs at conference tables, TechXplore. Retrieved February [9] VÃ ronneaua, S., & Roy, J. (2009). RFID Benefits, Costs, and Possibilities: The Economical Analysis of RFID Deployment in a Cruise Corporation Global Service Supply Chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 122(2), [10] Jen-Hao, Kuo-Yi Hsiao Shang-Wen Luan Rong Ceng Leo; IEEE Transaction on "RFID-based Autonomous Mobile Car", About Authors Mr. Kunal Gavit, he perusing BE from Electrical Mr. Khushal Wagh, he perusing BE from Electrical Mr. Gaurav Patil, he perusing BE from Electrical Mr. Akshay Zaware, he perusing BE from Electrical Prof.Nitesh Kumar Received his B.Tech. from Samanta Chandrasekhar Institute Of Technology and Management., and currently working as Assistant professor in Electrical Prof. Saikiran Adapa, Received his B.E. from Shatabdi College of Engineering, Nashik, and M.E. from R.S. Sapat College of Engg. Nashik.currently working as Assistant professor in Electrical Engineering Department of MET Bhujbal Knowledge 279