Intellectual property

Transcription

1 Intellectual property products and macroeconomic statistics Presentation to IGA seminar "Economic globalisation: addressing measurement challenges related to IPPs" 16 March 2018, Luxembourg

2 Content IPP in ESA 2010 and BPM6 Some basic data Estimation of R&D Eurostat/OECD Task Force on IPP Results of questionnaire on sources and methods Some tentative recommendations IPP in future SNA/ESA/BPM?

3 IPP assets in ESA 2010 Produced assets: Research and development (new in ESA 2010) Mineral exploration and evaluation Computer software and databases Entertainment, literary or artistic originals Other intellectual property products Non-produced assets: Contracts, leases and licenses Goodwill and marketing assets

4 IPP in BPM6 "Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e." -> also includes payments for the use of non-produced assets "Research and development services" "Computer services" See presentation by Mushtaq Hussain

5 Some basic NA data Average IPP GFCF in % of GDP: 3.8% in 2015 Share of R&D in total IPP: about 50% Share of software in total IPP: between 35-40% Average stock of IPP in % of total capital stock (gross): nearly 5% in 2015 Share of R&D in total IPP: between 60-65% Share of software in total IPP: between 25-30%

6 9,0% 8,0% Share of R&D investment in GDP ,0% 6,0% 5,0% 4,0% 3,0% 2,0% 1,0% 0,0%

7 Distribution of GFCF in IPP by industry, 2015 Manufacturing Information and communication Professional, scientific and technical activities Education Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles IPP total R&D Software rest Financial and insurance activities Mining and quarrying Arts, entertainment and recreation Other 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

8 Calculation of output of R&D Commercial R&D: revenues from sales Own-account R&D by enterprises: Similar market prices Sum of costs with mark-up Own-account R&D by government, universities etc: sum of costs without mark-up Production of IPP leads to an asset (an "original") that can be used directly in subsequent production or licensed to others ("copy").

9 Sources and methods for R&D Manual on measuring R&D in ESA 2010: "Frascati manual" surveys Administrative data Balance of payments Business surveys Capital expenditure surveys Tax credit data Patents

10 Eurostat/OECD Task Force on IPP Develop further the practical guidance for estimating stocks and flows of IPP, in particular R&D and software -> focus on balance sheets Assess how economic ownership of IPP is/should be determined, especially for MNEs 21 countries + ECB Final report due by end of 2018

11 TF Questionnaire on sources and methods, R&D: Practically all countries use Frascati as main source to estimate output and GFCF Few countries use UNECE Guide to Measuring Global Production to determine ownership Input approach to price measurement, some countries with productivity adjustment Service lives differ, but mostly around 10 years; differences across industries

12 TF Questionnaire on sources and methods, software: No common data source Own-account software: based on time spent by programmers; different occupations are used Difficulties in determining intermediate consumption vs capital formation (no data sources), e.g. cloud computing? Few countries separately estimate databases Quality adjustment for software deflators Service lives differ, but mostly around 5 years

13 110% Computer programming services (62.01) shares in domestic use 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% INV GFCF FC IC 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% BE DK NO NL DE HU AT USA CAN

14 TF Questionnaire on sources and methods, ownership: Countries are divided in considering funder or performer as owner of R&D output Many countries cannot separately identify transactions or transfers of IPP between affiliated enterprises R&D: differences between Frascati data on crossborder funding and BOP data Hard part: ownership of assets within MNE groups

15 Some tentative TF recommendations Important to separately identify intra-mne flows of IPP, both domestic and cross-border More countries should collect data for a number of new Frascati breakdowns, in particular on government purchases (grants vs procurement); including cross-border funding between affiliates and between nonaffiliates revenues from sales of R&D Existing guidance, e.g. on estimates of ownaccount output, will be updated

16 Longer-term developments Next SNA/ESA/BPM: 202x?, On SNA research agenda: broadening the fixed asset boundary to include other IPP (e.g. marketing assets) European Task Force on future of ESA also put this issue on the agenda Need to balance: stability of methodology and quality of data keeping up with economic trends and changing user needs

17 Thank you for your attention