THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE NIGHT CULINARY TRADERS S REVENUE IN PEMATANGSIANTAR CITY (STUDY CASE: SIANTAR SQUARE)

Transcription

1 THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE NIGHT CULINARY TRADERS S REVENUE IN PEMATANGSIANTAR CITY (STUDY CASE: SIANTAR SQUARE) Elidawaty Purba Department of Economics Development, Universitas Simalungun, Jl.Sisingamangaraja Barat, Pematangsiantar, Indonesia elidawatypurba@usi.ac.id Keywords: Abstract: Revenue, Price, Capital, Culinary Food business or culinary is a business activities that can create jobs for the community and increase the society revenue which is also in the end increase the economic growth of the regional. Capital and the price of culinary food are the factors that influence culinary traders. The purpose of this study are: (1) to know the factors that influences the night culinary traders s revenue in Pematangsiantar; (2) to know the efforts of the factors influence the level of night culinary traders s revenue in Pematangsiantar (Study case: Siantar Square). 1 INTRODUCTION Growing activities of economic sectors in a region will encourage various developments of other economic sectors, which impact on the increase in people s revenue. One of the businesses that are currently starting to grow in urban areas is culinary business, which is a business in the informal sector but create significant employment opportunities for the community, especially in urban areas. Culinary business is one of the impacts of the economic sectors development which is sale various foods, snacks or culinary in which currently growing demand in the middle of society. Culinary business is also an economic activity that plays a role in increasing public revenue and encourage the growth of regional economy. To realize a community business development like, food business (culinary) needs to be empowered to be a tough, independent and superior business, to be able to increase people's revenue by creating jobs. In Pematangsiantar City, the existence of culinary business continues to grow and increasing in number, and government programs in developing this business also need to be improved because this food business (Culinary) can provide an opportunity for the community in increasing their revenue. Thus, a Culinary Market such as Siantar Square can provide business opportunities for the community. The development of this community business will certainly increase culinary trade revenue, by increase the number of culinary traders in Siantar Square will also increase competition among traders to earn revenue, because to increase the revenue of culinary traders need to do various improvements, so the number of visitors who come to enjoy the culinary will increase. To develop the ability of culinary traders in improve their quality of merchandise including service improvement, service quality, taste of food is influenced by the price and the capital of culinary traders. In general, traders have limited capital for business development, on the other hand the price of the food is already certain. Therefore, the main factors which is predicted to influence the improvement of culinary business is the price and the capital of culinary traders. Related to the above explanation, researcher interested in analyzing the factors influencing the trader culinary s revenue in Siantar Squre location and making a study entitled "An Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Night Culinary Traders s Revenue in Pematangsiantar City (Case Study: Siantar Square). 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Culinary business is a kind of snack business / snack, beverage up to staple food traded in crowded places. This culinary business has a very good potential depending on how to process it and give job opportunities for the community to get or increase his/her revenue. In Indonesian Dictionary, revenue is the result of work (business and so on), so the revenue is the amount of money received by the community for their work performance in a certain period, either daily, weekly, monthly or yearly. Thus the revenue of the culinary trader is the amount of revenue received by the culinary trader over his work performance over a certain period. The amount of revenue to be earned relates to the price of the goods sold, so the total revenue of the culinary trader is the multiplication of the price with the sold amount, Reksoprayitno defines the total revenue 272

2 (revenue) can be interpreted as the total revenue obtained in a certain period. Prices and quantities sold are closely related to total receipts. According to Indonesian Dictionary, the price is the value of a specified item or that is represented by money or price is the unit of value assigned to a commodity as the contractor information of the commodity selector, based on the micro economic theory that the high price of the commodity is determined by the demand and supply of the commodity / goods in the market, while commodities / culinary goods are marketed diverse ranging from a variety of snacks, drinks until the staple food to increase acceptance of culinary traders. The important factor needed is capital. According to Indonesian Dictionary, capital is money used as the main (land) to trade. Meanwhile, according to super macro capital is an input (factor of production) which is very important in determining the high low revenue, so that business capital for culinary traders is a factor that influences the level of culinary traders revenue. Hypothesis The Hypothesis of this research is as follows: 1. Capital has a positive and significant effect on the trader s revenue 2. Prices have a positive and significant effect on the trader s revenue 3 METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH Design of Research This research is done by using Case Study Method, namely direct research to the object under study. The scope of this study is culinary snack market (Siantar Square) in Pematangsiantar City about the factors influence culinary trader s revenue. The scope of this research is the capital and the price of food sold by culinary traders in Pematangsiantar City (Siantar Square). The Limitation of the Research The limitation of this study is examining the culinary business in Siantar Square and used randomly samples, there are 3 interviewees taken in this research. The Techniques of Collecting Data To obtain the data in this research, a researcher use technique as follows: a. Observation Observation is collecting data by making observations and research directly against the real situation happened according to research objectives. b. Questionnaire Questionnaire is a technique of data collection done by using a list of questions directly to the respondent related to the issues discussed. c. Related Literature Beside primary data, researcher also used secondary data in writing this research. Necessary data obtained by doing literature study from various literatures related to a research Technique of Analyzing the Data In analyzing data, researcher using multiple linear regression function, with Ordinary Least Squre Model (OLS). As for equation model estimation is as follows: Y=f(X 1, X 2,)...(1) Then formed in the equation model as follows: Y = α+β 1 X 1 +β 2 X 2 +µ...(2) Where: : Y= Revenue (in Rupiah / day) α= Intercept X1 = Capital (Rupiah / Day) X2 = Price (Rupiah / portion) β1- β2 = Regression Coefficien u = terms of error 4 DISCUSSION Based on multiple regression estimation with SPSS 2 program obtained the result of multiple linear regression analysis is as follows: Y = 4465,119 +,178 X1 + 5,53 X2 + μ Based on the regression model, the regression coefficient of the amount of capital (X 1) is.178 marked positive sign means that each capital addition will increase the data is 17, 8%. The regression coefficient of high price (X2) is 5,53 marked positive means that increasing of price will increase revenue of culinary trader in Siantar Square. Hypothesis Testing 1. Test statistic t (partial test of significance) The t test is used to determine whether the variable of the independent variable is partially significant or not to the dependent variable. Testing is done by looking at the level of significance, if the level of significance resulting from the calculation under.5 then the hypothesis is accepted, otherwise if the level of significance calculated results higher than.5 then 273

3 the hypothesis is rejected. The conclusion is as follows: Ho: accepted when t count < level of significance Ha: accepted when t count> level of significance Table 1: t Result Model (Constant) MODAL (X1) HARGA (X2) Unstandardized coefficients The Hypothesis Test 1 Ho: β1 = there is no positive influence between capital and trader s revenue. Ha: β1> there is a positive influence between capital and trader s revenue From the above table can be seen that the results of capital hypothesis testing shows the value of t count is with a significant level of. smaller than.5, which means that the hypothesis in this study rejected Ho and received Ha. Thus it means that the hypothesis H1 "capital has a positive influence on the trader s revenue" is accepted. The Hypothesis Test 2 B Std. Error standardi zed coefficien ts Beta Ho: β1 = there is no positive influence between the price and the trader s revenue H: β1 = There is a positive influence between the price and the trader s revenue. From the table above the test results of price hypothesis testing shows the value of t value is with level of significance. level smaller than.5 which means the hypothesis in this study reject Ho and accept Ha. Thus it means that the hypothesis H2 "price has a positive effect on the trader s revenue" is accepted. F test (Hypothesis Testing Simultaneously) The F statistic test is used to prove that capital and price influence the trader s revenue simultaneously. F test is used to find out whether the independent variables simultaneously have a significant effect on t Sig... the dependent variable. The degree of trust used is.5. If the value of F calculation results higher than the F according to the table then the alternative hypothesis, which states that all independent variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the dependent variable. The analysis of SPSS output can be seen from the "Anova" table as follows: Table 2 : ANOVA a model sum of squares df mean square f sig. Regresi on Residu al Total b To test the influence of independent variables simultaneously to the dependent variable is done by using F test. The result of statistic calculation shows F value = 48,172. Using the. significance limit, the significance value is less than.5. This means that the hypothesis that simultaneously variable of capital and price have influence to culinary trader revenue at Siantar Square. Coefficient of determination (R2) The coefficient of determination is a quantity shows the amount of variation of the dependent variable explained by the independent variables. In other words, the coefficient of determination is used to measure how far the independent variables in describing the dependent variable Coefficient X. The coefficient of determination is between zero () and one (1). The value of determination coefficient is determined by R Square value as the data seen in the following table: Table 3 : Coeficient Model R R Squre Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the estimate Durbin - Watson 1 88 a From the calculation of regression known that the coefficient of determination (R Squre) obtained is.775. This means that 77.5% of the variation in the 274

4 revenue variable of the trader can be explained by the variable of capital and price. The contribution of independent variable to the dependent variable is 77,5%, while the rest (1% - 77,5% = 22,5%) is influenced by other factors. Pematangsiantar city is famous with culinary tour, which provides various types of delicious food, and one of the famous place is Siantar Square. In Siantar Square we can enjoy various kinds of Indonesian foods such as: satay, toast, martabak, cake, fried rice and many kinds of food served with high flavour. Siantar Square as a culinary market is very important in improving the people s revenue in Pematangsiantar, that is, the people given an opportunity to increase his/her revenue through small business which can be established in Siantar Square and also create the job for the people around Siantar. In running a culinary business, capital and price factors are very influential factors in increasing the revenue of traders. Where capital is the main factor in starting a business and further capital can also be used in developing the business. With high capital, will increase the sales volume, and in the end revenue increases too. In addition to capital, prices also influence the increase in revenue of culinary traders. Price is a comparison between the cost of production and the selling price of production products, will result in an operating profit. Through the results of data processing that the trader s revenue is strongly influenced by the variable of capital and price. And when this free variable is zero, the result is a decrease in trader revenue, or a negative value. Or described as follows: 1. The Effect of capital on culinary trader revenue Hypothesis testing results (H1) has proved there is influence between capital to culinary revenue. Through the calculation that has been done obtained t value of with the significance level. smaller than.5, thus Ha accepted and Ho rejected. This test statistically proves that capital positively influences the revenue of culinary traders in siantar Siantar Square. 2. The Influence of Price on trader s revenue The result of hypothesis testing (H1) has proved there is influence between price to culinary revenue. Through the results of calculations that have been done obtained t value of with. significance level smaller than.5, which means that the hypothesis in this study reject Ho and accept Ha. This test statistically confirms that the price has a positive effect on culinary trader revenue. This means that there is a positive influence between price variables and culinary trader revenue variables in Siantar Square. 5 CONCLUSION Based on the results of the research can be concluded that: 1. Capital has a positive and significant influence on culinary trader revenue at Siantar Square, with t-count of and a signification level of.. 2. Price has a positive and significant effect on culinary trader revenue at Siantar Square, with t- count of 4,248 and signification level of.. Suggestions: a. Culinary business is the most popular business, because it relates to the staple food of the community. In order for the culinary business traders to expand their business is expected by the government by facilitating the provision of capital assistance through cooperation, low interest credit, KUR (People's Business Credit). b. Establish cooperative culinary traders so that through cooperative capital requirements can be overcome, can be bridged by local governments, ministries, cooperatives and other related institutions to facilitate access to banking. c. The need for the government to provide training to culinary traders to be able to follow the development, innovation in the field of taste and appearance that makes food culinary that hits. d. The need for proper arrangement of good and attractive places for the comfort of visitors at strategic places and comfortable for all parties. e. Improve the partnership program between BUMN companies with culinary business. REFERENCES Ariefianto, Doddy, 212, Ekonometrika, Jakarta : Penerbit Erlangga. Arikunto, Suharsimi, 21. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik, Jakarta : Penerbit Rineka Cipta. Bintang Kalangi, Josep, 211. Matematika Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, Jakarta : Penerbit Salemba Empat. 275

5 Firnandy, 22. Study Profil Pekerja Di Sektor Informal Dan Arah Kebijakan Ke Depan. ( Diakses 8 Mei 214). Subri, Mulyadi, 23. Ekonomi Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Prospektif Pembangunan, Jakarta : Penerbit Raja Grafindo Persada. Suparyanto, R. W, 212. Kewirausahaan, Jakarta : Penerbit Erlangga Todaro, Michael P dan Stphen C. Smith, 23. Pembangunan Ekonomi Di Dunia Ketiga, Jakarta : Penerbit Erlangga. Reskoprayitno, 24. System Ekonomi Dan Demokrasi Ekonomi, Jakarta: Bina Grafika.. 276