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4 Ahmad Jafarnejad and Behnam Shahaie Delhi Business Review Vol. 9, No. 1 January - June 2008) 62@@C 3, 2@@ *+ & ) ', Increasingly competition Enhance customer expectations Technology and innovation acceleration Globalization Organization Information technology Social and cultural factors Special and loyal human limitation So on Figure-1-Factors influencing manufacturing environment ' 3 2@@ D 32@@ & 6 -.? && 7 & & > * 7 7 & = B ' 2@@ @@3

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9 Ahmad Jafarnejad and Behnam Shahaie Delhi Business Review Vol. 9, No. 1 January - June 2008) * ) " * & > + = 6 ' * ' Knowledge structure Virtual organization Concepts of Agility Capability for reconfiguration Core competence management Figure-6- core concepts of agility Gunasekaran et.al, 1999). 23-*** > ; 7 7& & *, & * * >, 2@@C - *

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13 Ahmad Jafarnejad and Behnam Shahaie Delhi Business Review Vol. 9, No. 1 January - June 2008) ) / %0% Organizational agility Capabilities: continuous change, competency, adaptability or flexibility, speed or quickness, responsiveness, integration, teamwork, partnership, virtual structure, high technology, speed, cost effectiveness, knowledge based enterprise, efficiency and effectiveness, strategic vision, Drivers: customer demands, market changes, business networks, information access, new and modern technologies, globalized competition, environment responsibility, social and cultural factor pressure, globalization, and price, quality, cost and delivery time expectations. Enablers: structure, skilled human resource, innovation and creativity, information technology, process centric, communication and cooperation, continuous learning, reward systems, leadership and managerial style, coordination, responsibility, delegation of authority, productivity, participative management, independent decision making, and outsourcing. Figure-9- three components of agility research & % 7 7 % ) 3 4 & )+ ) & )1 % = 2 % C 0

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15 Ahmad Jafarnejad and Behnam Shahaie Delhi Business Review Vol. 9, No. 1 January - June 2008) Repeat the stages being in the model after given period Considering dynamic or static state of internal environment Identifying main capabilities for organizational agility Desired state Existing state Determining Agility drivers in external environment Human or generic indices as agility providers Gap analysis Feedback Strategy formulation and development based on above analysis Determining and developing action plans and improvement s programs Performance measurement Figure-10- Organizational agility model & ) - 7 * ) F31 5 % * 7 ** 7342@@@

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17 Ahmad Jafarnejad and Behnam Shahaie Delhi Business Review Vol. 9, No. 1 January - June 2008) ) 1 ) H & 3 & )% % ' " Christopher, M. and Towill, D. 2001), An Integrated Model of the Design of Agile Supply Chains, Journal of Distribution and Logistic Management, Vol.31, No.4, pp Crocitto, M. and Youssuf, M. 2003), Human Side of Organizational Agility, Industrial Management and Data System, Vol.103, No.6, pp Dove, R., Hartman, S., and Benson, S. 1996), An Agile Enterprise Reference Model, US Agility Forum, Bethlehem University. Dove, R. 1999), Knowledge Management, Responsibility, and the Agile Enterprise, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.3, No.1, pp Drucker, P. 1968), Comeback of The Entrepreneur, Management Today, Apr.), pp Giachetti, R., Martinez, L., Saenz, O., and Chen, C. 2003), Analysis of the Structural Measures of Flexibility and Agility Using a Measurement Theoretical Framework, Journal of Production Economics, Vol.86, No.1, pp Goldman, S.L. and Nagel, R.N. 1993), Management, Technology and Agility: The Emergence of a New Era in Manufacturing, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol.8, No.1-2, pp Goldman, S., Nagel, R., and Preiss, K. 1995), Agile Competitors and Virtual Organizations, Kenneth: Van No Strand Reinhold. Gunasekaran, A. 1999), Agile Manufacturing: A Framework for Research and Development, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.62, No.1-2, pp Hayen, G. 1988), Change, Challenge and Continuity: An Entrepreneurial Vision from an Electronics Multinational, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol.3, No.3. Helo, P. 2004), Managing Agility and Productivity in the Electronics Industry, Industrial Management and Data Systems, Vol.104, No.7, pp Hormozi, A.M. 2001), Agile Manufacturing: The Next Logical Step, Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol.8, No.2, pp Iacocca Institute 1991), 21 st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy, Vol.1, Lehigh University, Bethelham, USA. Jackson, M. and Johansson, C. 2003), An Agility Analysis from a Production System Perspective, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol.14, No.06, pp Kid, P.T. 1994), A 21 st Century Paradigm in Agile Manufacturing: Forging New Frontiers, Addison-Wesley, Wokingham. Lin, Ching-Torng, Chiu, Hero and Chu, Po-Young, 2005), Agility Evaluation Using Fuzzy Logic, International Journal of Production Economics, pp Maskell, B. 2001), The Age of Agile Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol.6, No.1, pp Meredith, S. and Francis, D. 2000), Journey Towards Agility: The Agile Wheel Explored, The TQM Magazine, Vol.12, No.2, pp Naylor, J.B., Naim, M.M., and Berry, D. 1999), Leagility: Integrating The Lean and Agile Manufacturing, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.62, pp Nagel, R. and Dove, R. 1991), 21 st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy: An Industry Led View, Iacocca Institute, Lehigh University, Vol.1.

18 Ahmad Jafarnejad and Behnam Shahaie Delhi Business Review Vol. 9, No. 1 January - June 2008) Power, D., Sohal, A. 2005), Critical Success Factors in Agile Supply Chain Management, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol.31, No.4, pp Prince, J. and Kay, J. 2003), Combining Lean and Agile Characteristics, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.85, pp Ramesh, G. and Devadasan, S. 2007), Literature Review on the Agile Manufacturing Criteria, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol.18, No.2, pp Ren, J., Yusuf, Y.Y., and Burns, N.D. 2000), A Prototype of Measurement System for Agile Enterprise, International Conference on Quality, Reliability and Maintenance, Oxford, UK, pp Ren, J., Yususf, Y.Y., and Burns, N.D. 2003), The Effect of Agile Attributes on Competitive Priorities: A Neural Network Approach, Integrated Manufacturing, Vol.14, No.6, pp Sanchez, L.M. and Nagi, R. 2001), A Review of Agile Manufacturing Systems, International Journal of Production Research, Vol.39, No.16, pp Sarkis, J. 2001), Benchmarking for Agility, Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol.8, No.2, pp Sharifi, H. and Zhang, Z. 1999), A Methodology for Achieving Agility in Manufacturing Organizations, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.62, pp Sharifi, H. and Zhang, Z. 2000), Agile Manufacturing in Practice: Application of a Methodology, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol.21, No.5-6, pp Sharp, J., Irani, Z., and Desai, S. 1999), Working Towards Agile Manufacturing in The UK Industry, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.62, pp Sherehiy, B., Karwowski, W., and Layer, J. 2007), A Review of Enterprise Agility: Concepts, Frameworks, and Attributes, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Vol.37, pp Thompson, J. 1967), Organization in Action, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Tsourveloudis, N.C. and Valavanis, K.P. 2002), On the Measurement of Enterprise Agility, Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, Vol.33, No.3, pp Vernadat, F. 1999), Research Agenda for Agile Manufacturing, LGIPM, ENIM/University, International Journal of Agile Management Systems, Vol.1, No.1, pp Youssuf, Y., Sarhadi, M., and Gunasekaran, A. 1999), Agile Manufacturing: The Drives, Concepts and Attributes, International Journal of Production conomics, Vol.62, pp ; 1 The numbers into ) represent number of practices in each category. For example, strategic planning category has three practices as Strategic plan vision, Strategic plan dissemination, Strategic plan buy-in.