Open Science Data (part 1)

Transcription

1 Open Science Data (part 1) Greg Reed IOC Consultant IOC/IIOE2-OTGA and IORA Joint Training Course - Research Data Management May 2016: Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Hosted by: Government of Malaysia and Malaysian Ocean Teacher Global Academy (OTGA) Regional Training Centre (RTC), INOS, UMT Supported by: Australian Aid, UNESCO/IOC Perth Programme Office, UNESCO/IOC Project Office for International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) and the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)

2 TOPICS TO BE COVERED What is Open Data Data accessibility Ethics, copyright, licensing Open data policies

3 WHAT IS OPEN DATA? There are numerous definitions of open data The Open Definition sets out principles that define openness in relation to data and content. Open data and content can be freely used, modified, and shared by anyone for any purpose The Open Data Handbook provides an introduction to the legal, social and technical aspects of open data. It discusses what open data is as well as why and how to make data open.

4 OPEN DATA Open data can be defined as data that is: 1. freely available to download in a reusable form 2. licensed with minimal restrictions to reuse 3. well described with provenance and reuse information provided 4. available in convenient, modifiable and open formats 5. managed by the provider on an ongoing basis.

5 WHY OPEN DATA? Transparency of research, of government Confirm results allows for verification and replication Facilitates creation of new tools analysis, visualisation, knowledge expansion Fuels new discoveries engages researchers, engages public Open data are the building blocks of open knowledge. Open Knowledge is what open data becomes when it s useful, usable and used

6 OECD PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES The OECD has developed a set of guidelines based on commonly agreed principles to facilitate cost-effective access to digital research data from public funding. The Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding is intended to improve the international sharing of, and access to, research data.

7 OECD PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES The specific aims and objectives of these Principles and Guidelines are to: Promote a culture of openness and sharing of research data among the public research communities within member countries and beyond; Stimulate the exchange of good practices in data access and sharing; Raise awareness about the potential costs and benefits of restrictions and limitations on access to and the sharing of research data from public funding; Highlight the need to consider data access and sharing regulations and practices in the formation of member countries science policies and programmes; Provide a commonly agreed upon framework of operational principles for the establishment of research data access arrangements in member countries; Offer recommendations to member countries on how to improve the international research data sharing and distribution environment.

8 OECD PRINCIPLES A. Openness B. Flexibility C. Transparency D. Legal conformity E. Protection of intellectual property F. Formal responsibility G. Professionalism H. Interoperability I. Quality J. Security K. Efficiency L. Accountability M. Sustainability

9 VALUE OF OPEN DATA Research data is valuable! high cost involved in collecting the data valuable as an historical record and contributes to integrated data (value of the whole dataset may be higher than the sum of the parts) The future value of data cannot necessarily be determined at the time of collection. low value data may become more valuable with changes in social trends, scientific knowledge and environmental management requirements all data should be considered a high value, long-term asset

10 WHO BENEFITS FROM OPEN DATA? EVERYONE! Open data supports: collaboration between multiple research disciplines and institutions new research and new types of research verification of previous results a broader base of data than can be collected by single researchers the exploration of topics not envisioned by the initial investigators

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12 DISCUSSION What aspects of data sharing are covered in the video? What are some excuses researchers could use to justify not sharing their data? How to ensure researchers share their data?

13 DATA ACCESSIBILITY

14 WHY SHARE DATA? Access to, and sharing of, data: Reinforces open scientific inquiry; Encourages diversity of analysis and opinion; Promotes new research; Makes possible the testing of new or alternative hypotheses and methods of analysis; Supports studies on data collection methods and measurement; Facilitates the education of new researchers; Enables the exploration of topics not envisioned by the initial investigators; Permits the creation of new data sets when data from multiple sources are combined. OECD Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding

15 BENEFITS Open access to research data from public funding should be easy, timely, user-friendly and preferably Internet-based Benefits include: Secure from loss or unauthorised access Durable and easily accessible Standard file formats and hardware Organised and documented metadata to assist discovery and reuse

16 DATA PORTALS A Data Portal provides a single point of access to a wide range of data A portal allows ability to search, explore, link, download and reuse data for commercial or non-commercial purposes, through a catalogue of common metadata. Government open data portals are collections of freely available data and tools. Provide data dashboards on various topics and contain tables, charts, and maps as well as access to the underlying data The following are examples of open government data portals from Canada, US, EU and Australia There are many other national and thematic data portals

17 OPEN DATA PORTALS: GOVERNMENT OF CANADA Data about services, financials, national demographic information, high resolution maps 244,649 datasets found Fisheries and Oceans Canada 22 datasets found, include: Pacific Region Commercial Fishing Licences Tides Currents and Water Levels Arctic Voyage Planning Guide Canadian Hydrographic Service - Chart Index Argo Canada DFO Bibliography collection

18 OPEN DATA PORTALS: USA Data.gov is managed and hosted by the US General Services Administration Under the terms of the 2013 Federal Open Data Policy, newly-generated government data is required to be made available in open, machine-readable formats, while continuing to ensure privacy and security. 189,915 datasets found 55,667 datasets found for "ocean

19 OPEN DATA PORTALS: EU The EU Open Data Portal is the single point of access to data from the institutions and other bodies of the European Union (EU). Data are free to use and reuse for commercial or noncommercial purposes. By providing easy and free access to data, the portal aims to promote their innovative use and unleash their economic potential. It also aims to help foster the transparency and the accountability of the institutions and other bodies of the EU.

20 OPEN DATA PORTALS: AUSTRALIA Data.gov.au provides an easy way to find, access and reuse public datasets from the Australian Government The main purpose is to encourage public access to and reuse of government data by providing it in useful formats under open licences. Geospatial datasets on data.gov.au are available through a separate a National Map portal Subscribe to the new datasets feed 7,441 datasets found `

21 OPEN DATA PORTALS: OPEN NASA Access to Data, Code, and APIs. Data catalogue for Aerospace, Applied Science, Earth Science, Management/Operations, Space Science.

22 CLASS ACTIVITY: OPEN DATA PORTALS