Lessons from Country Studies in Netherlands, Italy and Romania. Federico Magalini

Transcription

1 Lessons from Country Studies in Netherlands, Italy and Romania Federico Magalini

2 Quantifying WEEE Generated 2 n Recently developed common methodology (& dataset) + electronic tool for European Commission and Member State: n Estimate WEEE Generated in their territory n Based on sales for each product category (POM) n Based on corresponding lifespan profile n 2 available datasets for POM: n National Register data n Apparent Consumption Methodology via National statistics n Estimation of waste generated if fundamental for: n Production & Consumption strategies n Capacity planning (technical + organizational) and infrastructure development n Policy development & priority setting

3 The first pillar: Put on Market data 3 National Register n Annual declarations from Producers n Closer link to the scope of the WEEE Directive n Shorter time series (longer in the future) n Potential risk of free-riders (reporting POM = financing obligations) Apparent Consumption n Based on official statistics n Longer time series (from 1996) n For some codes scope might slightly differ from WEEE Directive (might include nonelectric products) n Might include used equipment as well (no distinction in trade) Improve reliability and consistency National Register Leverage on Apparent Consumption to double-check and spot area for further investigations

4 The second pillar: Lifespan profiles 4 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% Did you know that Different products, Different consumer behaviour Different impact on waste generated 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% WG (UNU-KEY) = POM * Lifespan

5 How are lifespan profiles generated (ITA, ROU) 5 10,0% 9,0% 8,0% 7,0% 6,0% 5,0% Frequency of observations has been considered per each product, clustered at UNU-KEY level Simulations has been done to find the optimal curve fitting observations 4,0% 3,0% 2,0% 1,0% 0,0%

6 Stock of EEE in Romanian households Total household stock measured 72 kg/person (B2C) 4 products = 80% of total stock Did you know that 220 kg/person (Italy, 2012) 245 kg/person (France, 2013)

7 The market dynamics: role of second-hand products in Romania ,6 kg/person (8% of stock) Gift Used New 5 0 C&F Screens Lamps LHHA SHA Small IT

8 Stock Age: the trend in Romania 8 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% C&F Screens Lamps LHHA SHA Small IT 10% 5% 0% Less than 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4-5 years 6-10 years years years years Over 40 years

9 Stock Age: the trend in Italy 9 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% Did you know that Market penetration started earlier, so older stock of EEE C&F Screens Lamps LHHA SHA Small IT 10% 5% 0% Less than 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4-5 years 6-10 years years years years Over 40 years

10 Consumer behaviour: hibernation in Romania ,2 0,2 22,8 0,4 0,3 14,7 0,4 0,5 26,3 Did you know that Total stock not working /not in use: 2,4 kg/person Romania (3% stock) 21,1 kg/person Italy (10% stock) 0,2 0,1 4,3 Not working C&F Screens LHHA SHA Small IT Working but not in use Working and in use 0,1 0,0 1,4

11 Consumer behaviour: hibernation in Italy 11 Kg/inh Uncertainty Stock not in use/ Non working Stock in use > 20 kg/ab ,5 kg/ab 6,6 kg/ab 2,6 kg/ab 8,4 kg/ab 0 C&F LHHA Screens Mixed Total

12 Discard patterns from consumers: Romania 12 80% 70% 60% 50% Did you know that Considering 7,35 kg/person of WG, the breakdown is as follow... 1,98 C&F Screens 40% 30% 20% 1,01 0,45 0,7 1,55 1,40 Lamps LHHA SHA Small IT 10% 0,25 0% Retailer Municipality Scrap Collection Life-Extension Bad-Habit Warranty Uncertainty

13 Discard patterns from consumers: Italy 13 Importance Municipal Collection Points (& Retailers) Relevant ReUse component Retailers Mun Coll. Points Life-time Extension Reuse Relevant share Bad Habit (& Uncertainty), mainly on Mixed (Small) WEEE Bad Habits Warranty Uncertainty C&F LHHA Screens Mixed Total Retailes 0,9 2,0 0,4 0,7 4,0 Municipal Collection point 1,0 2,0 1,7 2,5 7,2 Life-time Extension 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,6 Reuse 0,2 0,4 0,5 1,1 2,1 Bad Habits 0,1 0,3 0,2 1,0 1,6 Warranty 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1 Uncertainty 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,4 0,7 Total 2,40 5,18 2,86 5,86 16,30

14 Insights into collection of Clearinghouse system (Italy, 2016) % 35% 76% 36% - C&F LHHA Screens Mixed WEEE 2016 WG (B2C) 2016 Expected Collection CdC 2016 Collection

15 LHHA Collection & value of scrap Fe (Italy, ) Average value Fe Collection LHHA

16 Overview: ITA, NLD, BEL 16 Data BEL (2012) NLD (2012) ITA (2012) EEE PoM 26,2 26,2 21,6 (B2C) Stock EEE (B2C) WG 22,4 24,2 16,3 (B2C) Formal System 10,5 7,5 4,3 Complementary 2,7 6,6 > 6,9 Export EEE > 0,6 2,7 > 0,7 Export WEEE > 0,3 < 0,8 > 0,7 MSW 1,5 2,3 1,6 2,3 Unidentified +/- 6,8 3,9 5,1 +/- 6,0 Formal(s) alone currently does not suffice Complementary streams paly a crucial role Joint efforts (stakeholders) are needed to: Investigate and track downstream Identify missing flows Take Back Conference - Prague 16th April 2013

17 The expected pattern across EU (2016) % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% GAP Scavenged Export Metal Recycling Waste bin Collected & Treated 20% 10% 0%

18 Conclusions 18 n 2019 Targets (based on PoM or WG) WERE, ARE and WILL BE challenging n Amount of waste collected and treated (according to CENELEC Standard) HAVE to grow n Formal systems set cannot guarantee the achievement of the targets n Market dynamics out of the control of producers n Complementary streams and recycling of WEEE in metal scrap is reality n Still room for improvement in various areas n Awareness of consumers (Waste bin component) n Sub-standard treatment n Role of Export, including second-hand loops n Proper and common reporting framework should be established

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