Global Pricing for International Markets

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Global Pricing for International Markets"

Transcription

1

2 Chapter 18 Global Pricing for International Markets McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Marketing, 13/e Modular: Afjal Hossain Lecturer, Department of Marketing PSTU

3 2-3 Chapter Learning Objectives Components of pricing as competitive tools in international marketing The pricing pitfalls directly related to international marketing How to control pricing in parallel imports or gray markets Price escalation and how to minimize its effect Countertrading and its place in international marketing practices The mechanics of price quotations

4 2-4 Global Perspective The Price War Setting the right price for a product or service can be the key to success or failure An offering s price must reflect the quality and value the consumer perceives in the product As the globalization of world markets continues, competition intensifies among multinational and home-based companies The marketing manager s responsibility is to set and control the actual price of goods in different markets in which different sets of variables are to be found

5 2-5 Pricing Policy Pricing Objectives Pricing as an active instrument of accomplishing marketing objectives - The company uses price to achieve a specific objective Pricing as a static element in a business decision - Exports only excess inventory - Places a low priority on foreign business - Views its export sales as passive contributions to sales volume

6 2-6 Pricing Policy Parallel Imports Occurs whenever price differences are greater than the cost of transportation between two markets Major problem for pharmaceutical companies Exclusive distribution Parallel imports develop when importers buy products from distributors in one country and sell them in another to distributors who are not part of the manufacturer s regular distribution system.

7 How Gray-Market Goods End up in U.S. Stores 2-7

8 2-8 Approaches to International Pricing Full-Cost versus Variable-Cost Pricing Variable-cost pricing the firm is concerned only with the marginal or incremental cost of producing goods to be sold in overseas markets. Full-cost pricing companies insist that no unit of a similar product is different from any other unit in terms of cost and that each unit must bear its full share of the total fixed and variable cost

9 2-9 Approaches to International Pricing Skimming versus Penetration Pricing Skimming a company uses when the objective is to reach a segment of the market that is relatively price insensitive and thus willing to pay a premium price for the value received. Penetration pricing policy used to stimulate market and sales growth by deliberately offering products at low prices.

10 2-10 Price Escalation Costs of exporting - Price escalation Taxes, tariffs, and administrative costs - Tariff fee charged when goods are brought into a country from another country - Administrative costs include export and import licenses, other documents, and the physical arrangements for getting the product from port of entry to the buyer s location

11 2-11 Price Escalation (continued) Inflation - In countries with rapid inflation or exchange variation, the selling price must be related to the cost of goods sold and the cost of replacing the items Deflation - In a deflationary market, it is essential for a company to keep prices low and raise brand value to win the trust of consumers Exchange rate fluctuations - No one is quite sure of the future value of currency - Transactions are increasingly being written in terms of the vendor company s national currency

12 2-12 Price Escalation (continued) Varying currency values - Changing values of a country s currency relative to other currencies - Cost-plus pricing Middleman and transportation costs - Channel diversity - Underdeveloped marketing and distribution channel infrastructures

13 Sample Causes and Effects of Price Escalation 2-13

14 2-14 Approaches to Lessening Price Escalation Lowering cost of goods Lowering tariffs Lowering distribution costs Using foreign trade zones to lessen price escalation Dumping

15 2-15 Leasing in International Markets Opens the door to a large segment of nominally financed foreign firms that can be sold on a lease option but might be unable to buy for cash Can ease the problems of selling new, experimental equipment because less risk is involved for the users Helps guarantee better maintenance and service on overseas equipment Helps to sell other companies in that country Revenue tends to be more stable over a period of time than direct sales would be

16 2-16 Countertrade as a Pricing Tool Why purchasers impose countertrade: - To preserve hard currency - To improve balance of trade - To gain access to new markets - To upgrade manufacturing capabilities - To maintain prices of export goods - To force reinvestment of proceeds from weapons deals

17 2-17 Countertrade as a Pricing Tool (continued) Types of countertrade - Barter - Compensation deals - Counter-purchase or offset trade - Product buyback agreement

18 2-18 Countertrade as a Pricing Tool (continued) Problems of countertrading - Determining the value of and potential demand for the goods offered - Barter houses The Internet and countertrading - Electronic trade dollars - Universal Currency/IRTA Proactive countertrade strategy - Included as part of an overall market strategy - Effective for exchange-poor countries

19 2-19 Transfer Pricing Strategy Benefits: - Lowering duty costs - Reducing income taxes in high-tax countries - Facilitating dividend repatriation when dividend repatriation is curtailed by government policy Arrangements for pricing goods for intra-company transfer: - Sales at the local manufacturing cost plus a standard markup - Sales at the cost of the most efficient producer in the company plus a standard markup - Sales at negotiated prices - Arm s-length sales using the same prices as quoted to independent customers

20 2-20 Price Quotations May include specific elements affecting the price: - Credit - Sales terms - Transportation - Currency - Type of documentation required Should define quantity and quality

21 2-21 Administered Pricing Cartels - Exists when various companies producing similar products or services work together to control markets for the types of goods and services they produce - Example: OPEC Government-influenced pricing - Establish margins - Set prices and floors or ceilings - Restrict price changes - Compete in the market - Grant subsidies - Act as a purchasing monopoly or selling monopoly

22 Any Query? 2-22

23 2-23 Thanks for staying with me

MOD International Marketing. Lecture 11 Pricing for international markets

MOD International Marketing. Lecture 11 Pricing for international markets MOD001194 International Marketing 1 Lecture 10: Pricing for international Skimming v penetration strategies Factors influencing international pricing Factors influencing price escalation Stages of pricing

More information

Contemporary theory, practice and cases By Ilan Alon, Eugene Jaffe, Christiane Prange & Donata Vianelli

Contemporary theory, practice and cases By Ilan Alon, Eugene Jaffe, Christiane Prange & Donata Vianelli Global Marketing Contemporary theory, practice and cases By Ilan Alon, Eugene Jaffe, Christiane Prange & Donata Vianelli Chapter 11 Setting Global Prices Learning objectives After reading this chapter

More information

INTERNATIONAL PRICING. Pricing: * The only marketing mix element that generates revenues. * A flexible competitive tool. $$$

INTERNATIONAL PRICING. Pricing: * The only marketing mix element that generates revenues. * A flexible competitive tool. $$$ INTERNATIONAL PRICING Pricing: * The only marketing mix element that generates revenues. * A flexible competitive tool. $$$ International Pricing Situations First-Time Pricing Changing Price Transfer Price

More information

Chapter 16. Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs. Copyright 2016 Pearson Education Ltd. 16-1

Chapter 16. Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs. Copyright 2016 Pearson Education Ltd. 16-1 Chapter 16 Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs Copyright 2016 Pearson Education Ltd. 16-1 Understanding Pricing Pricing in a digital world Get instant vendor price comparisons Check prices at the

More information

Manage Pricing Decisions

Manage Pricing Decisions 10 Manage Pricing Decisions Chapter Questions How do consumers process and evaluate prices? How should a company set prices initially for products or services? How should a company adapt prices to meet

More information

Chapter 16. Learning Objectives. Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs. 20-Nov How do consumers process and evaluate prices?

Chapter 16. Learning Objectives. Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs. 20-Nov How do consumers process and evaluate prices? Chapter 16 Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs Copyright 2016 Pearson Education Ltd. 16-1 Learning Objectives 1. How do consumers process and evaluate prices? 2. How should a company set prices

More information

Chapter 5 International trade

Chapter 5 International trade Chapter 5 International trade International trade consists of buying and selling of exports and imports between countries. Why do we trade? The reason countries do not produce all their own goods to satisfy

More information

Introduction to Pricing Issues. Pricing Decisions. Global Pricing Objectives and Strategies. Basic Pricing Concepts

Introduction to Pricing Issues. Pricing Decisions. Global Pricing Objectives and Strategies. Basic Pricing Concepts Introduction to Pricing Issues Pricing Decisions Global Marketing Chapter 11 Law of one price Price floors, ceilings Optimum prices Target costing Price escalation Environmental issues Gray market goods

More information

MARKETING MANAGEMENT 12 th edition. 14 Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs

MARKETING MANAGEMENT 12 th edition. 14 Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs MARKETING MANAGEMENT 12 th edition 14 Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs Kotler Keller Chapter Questions How do consumers process and evaluate prices? How should a company set prices initially

More information

This module covers the following topics:

This module covers the following topics: Module 4 Developing the (International) Marketing Mix Introduction This module covers the following topics: The product and the branding decision o International product concept o Product adaptation versus

More information

Freight Forwarders: (Agente Transitario) The International Bank IMPORTER-EXPORTER FREIGHT FORWARDER IT- 2: PARTIES INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE.

Freight Forwarders: (Agente Transitario) The International Bank IMPORTER-EXPORTER FREIGHT FORWARDER IT- 2: PARTIES INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE. IT- 2: PARTIES INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE. SALES CONTRACTS. CUSTOMS PROCEDURES. DOCS. IMPORTER-EXPORTER FREIGHT FORWARDER PARTIES INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE CUSTOMS BROKER INTERNATIONAL BANKER

More information

Business Studies 2008 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION. Total marks 100. Section I Pages 2 6

Business Studies 2008 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION. Total marks 100. Section I Pages 2 6 2008 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Business Studies Total marks 100 Section I Pages 2 6 General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams

More information

Exporting, Importing and Countertrade

Exporting, Importing and Countertrade Lecture 9 Exporting, Importing and Countertrade Introduction Large and small firms export Exporting is on the rise thanks to the decline in trade barriers under the WTO and regional economic agreements

More information

15/02/ Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs. Chapter Questions. Synonyms for Price

15/02/ Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs. Chapter Questions. Synonyms for Price 1 14 Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs Chapter Questions How do consumers process and evaluate prices? How should a company set prices initially for products or services? How should a company

More information

The Global Marketing Mix: Pricing Decisions

The Global Marketing Mix: Pricing Decisions The Global Marketing Mix: Pricing Decisions Topic #11 11-2 1 11-3 Pricing Factors Demand Factors (Value to Buyers) (Price Ceiling) Competitive Factors Final Pricing Discretion Distribution Channels Corporate

More information

Chapter 10 & 11. Pricing. Course: Mkt 202 Lecturer: Emran Mohammad

Chapter 10 & 11. Pricing. Course: Mkt 202 Lecturer: Emran Mohammad Chapter 10 & 11 Pricing Course: Mkt 202 Lecturer: Emran Mohammad Pricing Ch 10-2 The amount of money charged for a product or service; the sum of the values that customers exchange for the benefits of

More information

BUY ASSETS INVENTORY BUSINESSES

BUY ASSETS INVENTORY BUSINESSES HOW WE BUY ASSETS INVENTORY BUSINESSES AND EXCESS FROM WE WOULD LIKE TO PURCHASE YOUR ASSETS AND COMPLETE PRODUCT INVENTORY AND PAY YOU IN 24 HOURS. Dear friend, We are interested in purchasing your complete

More information

Introduction to Business and Marketing Semester 1 Exam Review

Introduction to Business and Marketing Semester 1 Exam Review Name: Class: Date: Introduction to Business and Marketing Semester 1 Exam Review Completion Complete each statement. 1. wants are wants that are widely shared by many people. 2. Most companies that sell

More information

KillTest *KIJGT 3WCNKV[ $GVVGT 5GTXKEG Q&A NZZV ]]] QORRZKYZ IUS =K ULLKX LXKK [VJGZK YKX\OIK LUX UTK _KGX

KillTest *KIJGT 3WCNKV[ $GVVGT 5GTXKEG Q&A NZZV ]]] QORRZKYZ IUS =K ULLKX LXKK [VJGZK YKX\OIK LUX UTK _KGX KillTest Q&A Exam : IIA-CIA-Part4 Title : Certified Internal Auditor - Part 4, Business Management Skills Version : Demo 1 / 8 1.Which of the following is the most significant reason that domestic governments

More information

Financial Accounting. John J. Wild. Sixth Edition. Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Financial Accounting. John J. Wild. Sixth Edition. Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Financial Accounting John J. Wild Sixth Edition McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 04 Reporting and Analyzing Merchandising Operations Conceptual

More information

Gross Domestic Product

Gross Domestic Product Question 1: What is GDP? Answer 1: From a macroperspective, the broadest measure of economic activity is gross domestic product (GDP). GDP represents all the goods and services that are produced within

More information

A Correlation of. To the Mississippi College- and Career- Readiness Standards Social Studies

A Correlation of. To the Mississippi College- and Career- Readiness Standards Social Studies A Correlation of To the 2018 Mississippi College- and Career- Readiness Standards Social Studies Table of Contents E.1... 3 E.2... 6 E.3... 7 E.4... 11 E.5... 15 E.6... 19 E.7... 24 E.8... 26 E.9... 28

More information

Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 14-

Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 14- McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 2 Four approaches for selecting an approximate price level LO1 STEP 4: SELECT AN APPROXIMATE PRICE LEVEL

More information

LECTURE NOTES ON MICROECONOMICS

LECTURE NOTES ON MICROECONOMICS LECTURE NOTES ON MICROECONOMICS ANALYZING MARKETS WITH BASIC CALCULUS William M. Boal Part 3: Firms and competition Chapter 12: Welfare analysis Problems (12.1) [Pareto improvement, economic efficiency]

More information

Chapter 21. channels of distribution. Section 21.1 Distribution. Section 21.2 Distribution Planning

Chapter 21. channels of distribution. Section 21.1 Distribution. Section 21.2 Distribution Planning Chapter 21 channels of distribution Section 21.1 Section 21.2 Planning REFLECT How do bananas reach your local grocery store? Explain the concept of channel of distribution. Identify channel members. Compare

More information

Setting the price for your product is a strange concept for agricultural producers. They are used to producing

Setting the price for your product is a strange concept for agricultural producers. They are used to producing Setting Your Price March 2010 www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm Setting the price for your product is a strange concept for agricultural producers. They are used to producing commodities where the price is

More information

There are two fools in every market. One charges too little; the other charges too much Russian proverb

There are two fools in every market. One charges too little; the other charges too much Russian proverb There are two fools in every market. One charges too little; the other charges too much Russian proverb WHAT IS PRICE? Price is the amount of money charged for product or service, or the sum of all the

More information

Operations Management Excellence

Operations Management Excellence Operations Management Excellence NPTA Alliance Convention Chicago, IL October 2003 Operations Management Excellence.... Can and will impact your business bottom line, in terms of: Costs of operations Levels

More information

Key Concepts in Marketing and International Marketing

Key Concepts in Marketing and International Marketing Key Concepts in Marketing and International Marketing Giorgio Gandellini, 2010 This short collection of 35 key concepts (plus 15 cross-references) is more than a glossary of mere definitions, since, with

More information

1980s. 1970s. 1990s 15/09/2015. Global Marketing Management: Planning and Organization. Learning Objectives. Global Marketing Management.

1980s. 1970s. 1990s 15/09/2015. Global Marketing Management: Planning and Organization. Learning Objectives. Global Marketing Management. Global Marketing Management: Planning and Organization Chapter 12 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 How global

More information

Eco402 - Microeconomics Glossary By

Eco402 - Microeconomics Glossary By Eco402 - Microeconomics Glossary By Break-even point : the point at which price equals the minimum of average total cost. Externalities : the spillover effects of production or consumption for which no

More information

Table of Contents. Introduction...3. What is my goal?... 4

Table of Contents. Introduction...3. What is my goal?... 4 USER GUIDE USER GUIDE 2 Table of Contents Introduction...3 What is my goal?... 4 How do I make decisions?... 4 Policy Decisions... 4 R&D... 4 Marketing...5 Production... 8 Finance... 8 What information

More information

Curriculum Standard One: The students will understand common economic terms and concepts and economic reasoning.

Curriculum Standard One: The students will understand common economic terms and concepts and economic reasoning. Curriculum Standard One: The students will understand common economic terms and concepts and economic reasoning. *1. The students will examine the causal relationship between scarcity and the need for

More information

Chapter 2 - Purchasing Management

Chapter 2 - Purchasing Management True / False 1. Purchasing can be broadly classified into two categories: merchants and industrial buyers. NOTES: 2-1 2. The acquisition of services is also known as contracting. NOTES: 2-1 3. The term

More information

A Glossary of Macroeconomics Terms

A Glossary of Macroeconomics Terms A Glossary of Macroeconomics Terms -A- Absolute Advantage A comparison of input requirements between two regions or countries where one country can produce a given level of output with less input relative

More information

International Economics dr Wioletta Nowak. Lecture 3-4

International Economics dr Wioletta Nowak. Lecture 3-4 International Economics dr Wioletta Nowak Lecture 3-4 Trade with Economies of Scale Intra-Industry Trade Theory of Overlapping Demands (Linder, 1961) Product Life Cycle Theory (Vernon, 1966) Gravity Model

More information

Transfer Pricing Issues in Business Restructurings

Transfer Pricing Issues in Business Restructurings Transfer Pricing Issues in Business Restructurings Mike Murphy December 6, 2008 L E A D E R S H I P P R O B L E M SO L V I N G V A L U E C R E A T I O N Contents Statement of Objective Business Restructurings

More information

INTRODUCTION ECONOMIC PROFITS

INTRODUCTION ECONOMIC PROFITS INTRODUCTION This chapter addresses the following key questions: What are profits? What are the unique characteristics of competitive firms? How much output will a competitive firm produce? Chapter 7 THE

More information

Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory, 01/07/2003. A Glossary of Macroeconomics Terms

Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory, 01/07/2003. A Glossary of Macroeconomics Terms A Glossary of Macroeconomics Terms The Digital Economist -A- Absolute Advantage A comparison of input requirements between two regions or countries where one country can produce a given level of output

More information

HITTING THE MARK with Landed Cost Management & Automation Best Practices

HITTING THE MARK with Landed Cost Management & Automation Best Practices HITTING THE MARK with Landed Cost Management & Automation Best Practices Table of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Why Take Aim? Identify the Targets Bring Best Practices into Scope Pull

More information

A Planned Course Statement for. Economics, AP. Length of Period (mins.) 41 Total Clock Hours: 123. Periods per Cycle: 6 Length of Course (yrs.) 1.

A Planned Course Statement for. Economics, AP. Length of Period (mins.) 41 Total Clock Hours: 123. Periods per Cycle: 6 Length of Course (yrs.) 1. East Penn School District Secondary Curriculum A Planned Course Statement for Economics, AP Course # 266 Grade(s) 12 Department: Social Studies Length of Period (mins.) 41 Total Clock Hours: 123 Periods

More information

Transfer Pricing. 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Decentralization

Transfer Pricing. 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Decentralization Smeal College of Business Managerial Accounting: ACCTG 404 Pennsylvania State University Professor Huddart 1. Overview An essential feature of decentralized firms is responsibility centers (e.g., cost-,

More information

Carlton & Perloff Chapter 12 Vertical Integration and Vertical Restrictions. I. VERTICAL INTEGRATION AND VERTICAL RESTRICTIONS A. Vertical Integration

Carlton & Perloff Chapter 12 Vertical Integration and Vertical Restrictions. I. VERTICAL INTEGRATION AND VERTICAL RESTRICTIONS A. Vertical Integration I. VERTICAL INTEGRATION AND VERTICAL RESTRICTIONS A. Vertical Integration Carlton & Perloff II. 1. Operating at successive stages of production a. downstream: towards final consumers b. upstream: towards

More information

Econ*1050 Introductory Microeconomics Instructor: Vitali Alexeev. Quiz 6 (Chapter 8)

Econ*1050 Introductory Microeconomics Instructor: Vitali Alexeev. Quiz 6 (Chapter 8) Econ*1050 Introductory Microeconomics Instructor: Vitali Alexeev Quiz 6 (Chapter 8) 1) A tax on a good a. raises the price buyers pay and lowers the price sellers receive. b. raises both the price buyers

More information

GlobAl edition. Global Marketing. eighth edition. Warren J. Keegan Mark C. Green

GlobAl edition. Global Marketing. eighth edition. Warren J. Keegan Mark C. Green GlobAl edition Global Marketing eighth edition Warren J. Keegan Mark C. Green Global Marketing, Global Edition - PDF - PDF - PDF Cover Title Page Contents Preface Acknowledgments Part one Introduction

More information

Economics DESCRIPTION. EXAM INFORMATION Items

Economics DESCRIPTION. EXAM INFORMATION Items EXAM INFORMATION Items 58 Points 60 Prerequisites NONE Course Length ONE SEMESTER DESCRIPTION This course focuses on the study of economic problems and the methods by which societies solve them. Characteristics

More information

GCSAA Internet Commerce Meeting Outcomes Summary

GCSAA Internet Commerce Meeting Outcomes Summary GCSAA Internet Commerce Meeting Outcomes Summary The GCSAA Internet Commerce Industry Discussion Meeting was held at GCSAA Headquarters, Lawrence, Kansas on April 16-17, 2001. The materials presented at

More information

Chapter 16. Pricing Objectives and Policies

Chapter 16. Pricing Objectives and Policies Chapter 16 Pricing Objectives and Policies Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 16-2 At

More information

Economics DESCRIPTION. EXAM INFORMATION Items

Economics DESCRIPTION. EXAM INFORMATION Items EXAM INFORMATION Items 58 Points 60 Prerequisites NONE Grade Level 10-12 Course Length ONE SEMESTER DESCRIPTION This course focuses on the study of economic problems and the methods by which societies

More information

Microeconomics: MIE1102

Microeconomics: MIE1102 TEXT CHAPTERS TOPICS 1, 2 ECONOMICS, ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, MARKET ECONOMY 3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY. MARKET EQUILIBRIUM 4 ELASTICITY OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY 5 DEMAND & CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 6 PRODUCTION FUNCTION 7 COSTS

More information

Post Graduate Certificate in Management (PGDM)- Marketing

Post Graduate Certificate in Management (PGDM)- Marketing Post Graduate Certificate in Management (PGDM)- Marketing Programme Structure Module 1 MM01 - Marketing Management MM07 - Consumer Behavior MM02 - Sales and Distribution Management MM03 - Advertising &

More information

Chevron Corporation (CVX) Analyst: Ryan Henderson Spring 2015

Chevron Corporation (CVX) Analyst: Ryan Henderson Spring 2015 Recommendation: HOLD Target Price until (12/31/2016): $118.00 1. Reasons for Recommendation The driving factor behind my hold recommendation for Chevron is due to the state of the oil production industry

More information

CHAPTER 8: SECTION 1 A Perfectly Competitive Market

CHAPTER 8: SECTION 1 A Perfectly Competitive Market CHAPTER 8: SECTION 1 A Perfectly Competitive Market Four Types of Markets A market structure is the setting in which a seller finds itself. Market structures are defined by their characteristics. Those

More information

Chapter 10: Pricing and Credit Strategies

Chapter 10: Pricing and Credit Strategies Pricing and Credit Strategies HCC - SAIGONTECH Small Business Management - Fall 2010 Instructor: Son Pham 1 Factors Affecting Product or service costs Customers characteristics Market forces Competitors

More information

INSTRUCTION MANUAL DECLARATION OF CUSTOMS VALUE (FORM C52)

INSTRUCTION MANUAL DECLARATION OF CUSTOMS VALUE (FORM C52) INSTRUCTION MANUAL DECLARATION OF CUSTOMS VALUE (FORM C52) 1 A INTRODUCTION. The value of imported goods for Customs purposes shall be the price actually paid or payable (transaction value) for the goods

More information

Best Practices in Contractor Loyalty Programs 2015

Best Practices in Contractor Loyalty Programs 2015 BUSINESS ASSESSMENT AND OUTLOOK FROM PRINCIPIA Best Practices in Contractor Loyalty Programs 2015 Exterior Building Products The gold standard for information and insights in the building products industry

More information

Chapter 8 Exporting, Importing, and Sourcing

Chapter 8 Exporting, Importing, and Sourcing Chapter 8 Exporting, Importing, and Sourcing Power Point by Kris Blanchard North Central University 2005 Prentice Hall 8-1 Introduction Export Selling vs. Export Marketing Export selling involves selling

More information

ECON 202 2/13/2009. Pure Monopoly Characteristics. Chapter 22 Pure Monopoly

ECON 202 2/13/2009. Pure Monopoly Characteristics. Chapter 22 Pure Monopoly ECON 202 Chapter 22 Pure Monopoly Pure Monopoly Exists when a single firm is the sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes. There are a number of products where the producers

More information

8/23/2011. Chapter 10 Retail Pricing. Learning Objectives. Pricing Objectives and Policies

8/23/2011. Chapter 10 Retail Pricing. Learning Objectives. Pricing Objectives and Policies Chapter 10 Retail Pricing Learning Objectives Discuss the factors a retailer should consider when establishing pricing objectives and policies. Describe the differences between the various pricing strategies

More information

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Ministry of Justice. (Draft) Regulation on Customs Valuation. Published in the OFFICIAL GAZETTE No: Kabul,, 201_

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Ministry of Justice. (Draft) Regulation on Customs Valuation. Published in the OFFICIAL GAZETTE No: Kabul,, 201_ DRAFT November 12, 2012 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Justice (Draft) Regulation on Customs Valuation Published in the OFFICIAL GAZETTE No: Kabul,, 201_ 1 Chapter 1.General Provisions Basis

More information

9.1 Zero Profit for Competitive Firms in the Long Run

9.1 Zero Profit for Competitive Firms in the Long Run 9.1 Zero Profit for Competitive Firms in the Long Run Chapter 9 Applications of the Competitive Model With Free Entry into the Market Along with identical costs and constant input prices, implies firms

More information

Lebanon's accession to the World Trade Organization is in deliberations again

Lebanon's accession to the World Trade Organization is in deliberations again Lebanon's accession to the World Trade Organization is in deliberations again The first efforts for Lebanon s accession to the World Trade Organization began in year 1998 with the aim to "put Lebanon on

More information

Appendix A. Consignment. Customs Invoice. Date Draft. Consular Invoice. Destination Control Statement (DCS) Contract. Direct Exporting.

Appendix A. Consignment. Customs Invoice. Date Draft. Consular Invoice. Destination Control Statement (DCS) Contract. Direct Exporting. Consignment Delivery of merchandise to the buyer or distributor, whereby the latter agrees to sell it and only then pay the U.S. exporter. The seller retains ownership of the goods until they are sold

More information

large pharmaceutical manufacture and exporter to

large pharmaceutical manufacture and exporter to 2015 How PharmaNET helped an offshore marketing arm of the large pharmaceutical manufacture and exporter to simplify global commerce and stay one step ahead of the competition Client introduction The offshore

More information

Solution & Marking Scheme 12th Economics CBSE Exam 2016 (Foreign)

Solution & Marking Scheme 12th Economics CBSE Exam 2016 (Foreign) Solution & Marking Scheme th Economics CBSE Exam 06 (Foreign) Pg. C Expected Answer / Value Points (SECTION-A) Distribution of Marks Imputed salary of the producer (b) Less than AR When there is decrease

More information

Total Test Questions: 80 Levels: Grades Units of Credit:.50

Total Test Questions: 80 Levels: Grades Units of Credit:.50 DESCRIPTION This course focuses on the study of economic problems and the methods by which societies solve them. Characteristics of the market economy of the United States and its function in the world

More information

Module Practical Application Checklist:

Module Practical Application Checklist: Module Practical Application Checklist: MODULE 1 The Practical Application Checklists outline specific workplace tasks, by competency area, that CASB students are able to perform upon completion of each

More information

YOUR MOST IMPORTANT DECISION!

YOUR MOST IMPORTANT DECISION! YOUR MOST IMPORTANT DECISION! Let me ask you a question. Do you think increasing your sales would be a good thing? If I told you that your price was too low, would you still think increasing sales would

More information

Operations Management IV PRODUCT PLANNING AND COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES

Operations Management IV PRODUCT PLANNING AND COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES Operations Management IV PRODUCT PLANNING AND COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES Learning Outcomes At the end of this section you must be able to: Identify how organizations compete. Develop a strategy Compare Japanese

More information

Chapter 2 Purchasing Management

Chapter 2 Purchasing Management Chapter 2 Purchasing Management TRUE/FALSE 1. Purchasing can be broadly classified into two categories: merchants and industrial buyers. T PTS: 1 REF: p. 39 2. The acquisition of services is also known

More information

Understanding the Essential Value Drivers of a Small Business. I.E. How to tell if Your Listing Will Actually Sell And for How Much

Understanding the Essential Value Drivers of a Small Business. I.E. How to tell if Your Listing Will Actually Sell And for How Much Understanding the Essential Value Drivers of a Small Business I.E. How to tell if Your Listing Will Actually Sell And for How Much Presenter: Randy J. Bring, P.A., CBI, CMAP Why are value drivers important?

More information

Master of Business Administration Course Descriptions

Master of Business Administration Course Descriptions Master of Business Administration Course Descriptions CORE COURSES MBAB 5P01 Accounting for Decision-Making I The functional basics of accounting for management and business decisions. Data collection,

More information

Chapter 8. Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises

Chapter 8. Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises Chapter 8 Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises Preview Monopolistic competition and trade The significance of intra-industry trade Firm responses to

More information

International Marketing

International Marketing International Marketing Tom Hammett Center of Forest Products Marketing and Management, Virginia Tech Presented at BOLFOR2 La Paz and Santa Cruz August 2004 Topics for Discussion Introduction Trends Practices

More information

Chapter 8 Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises

Chapter 8 Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises Chapter 8 Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises Copyright 2012 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Preview Monopolistic competition and trade The

More information

Definition. Case Study Priceline.com. Price. Chapter 10 Pricing Products: Pricing Considerations and Approaches

Definition. Case Study Priceline.com. Price. Chapter 10 Pricing Products: Pricing Considerations and Approaches Chapter 10 Pricing Products: Pricing Considerations and Case Study Priceline.com Buyer-driven commerce concept offers lower prices to consumers and the ability to sell excess inventory to sellers 13.5

More information

For Evaluation Only. Lesson 5 Working with Foreign Currencies. Sage Simply Accounting Premium Lesson Objectives. Level 2

For Evaluation Only. Lesson 5 Working with Foreign Currencies. Sage Simply Accounting Premium Lesson Objectives. Level 2 Lesson Objectives Sage Simply Accounting Premium 2011 Level 2 Lesson 5 Working with Foreign Currencies In this lesson, you will learn how to set up Simply Accounting to work with a foreign currency and

More information

Preview. Introduction. Chapter 8. Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises

Preview. Introduction. Chapter 8. Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises Chapter 8 Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-1 Preview Monopolistic competition and

More information

Sell higher margin goods

Sell higher margin goods strategy guide Sell higher margin goods W www.bsi.com.au P 1300 137 504 E info@bsielearning.com.au A Level 7,14 Martin Place Sydney NSW 2000 2016 BSI. All Rights Reserved Table of contents A. Introduction...

More information

CESIM SIMFIRM Introduction. Simulation for general business management

CESIM SIMFIRM Introduction. Simulation for general business management CESIM SIMFIRM Introduction Simulation for general business management What is Cesim SimFirm? Cesim SimFirm is an online business simulation game that develops students understanding of the complexity of

More information

INTI COLLEGE MALAYSIA BUSINESS FOUNDATION PROGRAMME ECO 181: INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS FINAL EXAMINATION: AUGUST 2003 SESSION

INTI COLLEGE MALAYSIA BUSINESS FOUNDATION PROGRAMME ECO 181: INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS FINAL EXAMINATION: AUGUST 2003 SESSION ECO 181 (F) / Page 1 of 15 INTI COLLEGE MALAYSIA BUSINESS FOUNDATION PROGRAMME ECO 181: INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS FINAL EXAMINATION: AUGUST 2003 SESSION SECTION A There are SIXTY questions on this paper.

More information

Chapter 2. E-Marketplaces: Structures, Mechanisms, Economics, and Impacts

Chapter 2. E-Marketplaces: Structures, Mechanisms, Economics, and Impacts Chapter 2 E-Marketplaces: Structures, Mechanisms, Economics, and Impacts E-Marketplaces Markets (electronic or otherwise) have three main functions: 1. Matching buyers and sellers; 2. Facilitating the

More information

You and Your Money Curriculum Map

You and Your Money Curriculum Map Grades k-1 Financial Literacy Human Resources Economics Topic: Thrifty Spending Topic: Jobs and Money Topic: Basic Economics 1. People make decisions every day to satisfy wants. Other people are influenced

More information

Chapter 6. Preview. Introduction. Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade

Chapter 6. Preview. Introduction. Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Copyright 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Preview Types of economies of scale

More information

The point at which revenue is equal to costs.

The point at which revenue is equal to costs. Glossary Avoidable fixed costs Fixed costs that a company does not have to incur but may experience. Benefit Segmentation A type of market segmentation in which customers are grouped based on the benefits

More information

Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition

Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition Introduction Managerial Problem Airbus and Boeing are the only two manufacturers of large commercial aircrafts. If only one receives a government subsidy, how can

More information

Chapter One: Economic Basics

Chapter One: Economic Basics Chapter One: Economic Basics Formula for Profit: Profit (or loss) = Revenue - (Costs + Expenses) Supply and Demand: The Law of Demand states that the relationship between prices and consumers quantity

More information

Chapter 10 PRICING: UNDERSTANDING AND CAPTURING CUSTOMER VALUE. Md. Afnan Hossain Lecturer, School of Business & Economics

Chapter 10 PRICING: UNDERSTANDING AND CAPTURING CUSTOMER VALUE. Md. Afnan Hossain Lecturer, School of Business & Economics Chapter 10 PRICING: UNDERSTANDING AND CAPTURING CUSTOMER VALUE Md. Afnan Hossain Lecturer, School of Business & Economics Pricing Narrowly, Price is the amount of money charged for a product or service.

More information

The Global Exchange For Advertising April 2018

The Global Exchange For Advertising April 2018 The Global Exchange For Advertising April 2018 1 COPYRIGHT RUBICON PROJECT 2018 Safe Harbor Forward-Looking Statements This presentation includes, and management's answers to questions during the conference

More information

N09/3/ECONO/SP1/ENG/TZ0/XX/M MARKSCHEME. November 2009 ECONOMICS. Standard Level. Paper pages

N09/3/ECONO/SP1/ENG/TZ0/XX/M MARKSCHEME. November 2009 ECONOMICS. Standard Level. Paper pages N09/3/ECONO/SP1/ENG/TZ0/XX/M MARKSCHEME November 2009 ECONOMICS Standard Level Paper 1 10 pages 2 N09/3/ECONO/SP1/ENG/TZ0/XX/M This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in

More information

YOUR MOST IMPORTANT DECISION!

YOUR MOST IMPORTANT DECISION! YOUR MOST IMPORTANT DECISION! Let me ask you a question. Do you think increasing your sales would be a good thing? If I told you that your price was too low, would you still think increasing sales would

More information

Chapter 6. Competition

Chapter 6. Competition Chapter 6 Competition Copyright 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-1 Chapter 6 The goal of this

More information

MICROECONOMICS SECTION I. Time - 70 minutes 60 Questions

MICROECONOMICS SECTION I. Time - 70 minutes 60 Questions MICROECONOMICS SECTION I Time - 70 minutes 60 Questions Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best

More information

Exploring the World of Business and Economics

Exploring the World of Business and Economics Chapter 1 Exploring the World of Business and Economics 1 Discuss what you must do to be successful in the world of business. 2 Define business and identify potential risks and rewards. 3 Define economics

More information

McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Copyright 2011 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Copyright 2011 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2011 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 13 Crafting a Deployment Strategy McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2011 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All

More information

3. A competitively dominant customer experience is often called a. a. perceived benefit b. preemptive strike c. moment of truth d.

3. A competitively dominant customer experience is often called a. a. perceived benefit b. preemptive strike c. moment of truth d. Chapter 2 Value Chains Multiple Choice 1. In order to increase value, an organization must do all of the following EXCEPT: a. increase perceived benefits while holding price or cost constant. b. increase

More information

Composed & Solved Dua Waqar Vu Askari Team MGT603 Online Quiz#3 Lecture# 1 to 37 Six Quizzes Solved..

Composed & Solved Dua Waqar Vu Askari Team  MGT603 Online Quiz#3 Lecture# 1 to 37 Six Quizzes Solved.. Composed & Solved MGT603 Online Quiz#3 Lecture# 1 to 37 Six Quizzes Solved.. By Question # 1 of 15 (Start time: 08:34:41 PM) Total Marks: 1 Firms in quadrant-iv of grand strategy matrix have which of the

More information

Morgan Stanley Conference. November 15, 2017

Morgan Stanley Conference. November 15, 2017 Morgan Stanley Conference November 15, 2017 1 Forward Looking Statements Certain statements in this release or presentation, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections,

More information

TRADE APPRAISAL: HOW TO NARROW THE GAP TO CLOSE MORE DEALS BLACK BOOK WHITE PAPER

TRADE APPRAISAL: HOW TO NARROW THE GAP TO CLOSE MORE DEALS BLACK BOOK WHITE PAPER TRADE APPRAISAL: HOW TO NARROW THE GAP TO CLOSE MORE DEALS BLACK BOOK WHITE PAPER JANUARY 2018 ENSURING THE RIGHT TRADE APPRAISAL WITH YOUR CUSTOMERS The divide that remains between dealers & consumers

More information

ATTACHMENT DD. Reliability Pricing Model

ATTACHMENT DD. Reliability Pricing Model OF NEW SERVICE REQUESTS; R - OATT ATTACHMENT DD ATTACHMENT DD Reliability Pricing Model References to section numbers in this Attachment DD refer to sections of this Attachment DD, unless otherwise specified.

More information