5. Which of the following goods best meets the definition of scarcity? a. air b. water in the ocean c. water in a city d.

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1 Chapter 1 1. Which of the following statements is NOT true? Households and economies both a. must allocate scarce resources. b. face many decisions. c. face tradeoffs. d. must have a central decision maker. 2. Which of the following is NOT included in the decisions that every society must make? a. what goods will be produced b. who will produce the goods c. what determines consumer preferences d. who will consume the goods 3. For what reason do both households and societies face many decisions? a. because resources are scarce b. because populations may increase or decrease over time c. because wages for households and therefore society fluctuate with business cycles d. because people, by nature, tend to disagree 4. When does scarcity exist? a. when there is less than an infinite amount of a resource or good b. when society can meet the wants of every individual c. when there is less of a good or resource available than people wish to have d. when the government fails to produce goods 5. Which of the following goods best meets the definition of scarcity? a. air b. water in the ocean c. water in a city d. wood in a forest 6. What does economics study? a. how society manages its scarce resources b. the government's role in society c. how to increase production d. how firms make profits 7. What concept is illustrated by the adage, "There is no such thing as a free lunch"? a. tradeoffs b. scarcity c. productivity d. efficiency

2 8. Henry decides to spend 2 hours playing golf rather than working at his job which pays $8 per hour. What is Henry's tradeoff? a. the $16 he could have earned working for 2 hours b. nothing, because he enjoys playing golf more than working c. the increase in skill he obtains from playing golf for those 2 hours d. nothing, because he spent $16 for green fees to play golf 2 9. Which of the following best defines efficiency? a. absolute fairness b. equal distribution c. minimum waste d. consumer sovereignty 10. In which of the following situations would economists use the word equity? a. Each member of society has the same income. b. Society is getting the most it can from its scarce resources. c. Those in society who have the least will receive the most. d. The benefits of society's resources are distributed fairly among society's members. 11. When government policies such as the welfare system try to help the neediest members of society, what happens? a. It increases equity and reduces efficiency. b. It reduces charitable contributions in an economy. c. It increases the productivity of the needy in the society. d. It causes market failure to occur. 12. In economics, what is the cost of something? a. the dollar amount of obtaining it b. always measured in units of time given up to get it c. what you give up to get it d. usually higher than people think it will be 13. For most students, what is the largest single cost of a university education? a. the wages given up to attend school b. tuition, fees, and books c. room and board d. transportation, parking, and entertainment 14. Mallory decides to spend 3 hours working overtime rather than watching a video with her friends. She earns $8 an hour. What is her opportunity cost of working? a. the $24 she earns working b. the $24 minus the enjoyment she would have received from watching the video c. the enjoyment she would have received had she watched the video

3 d. nothing, since she would have received less than $24 of enjoyment from the video 15. What do we know about college-age athletes who drop out of college to play professional sports? a. They are not rational decision makers. b. They are well aware that their opportunity cost of attending college is very high. c. They are concerned more about present circumstances than their future. d. They underestimate the value of a college education. 16. How do people make decisions at the margin? a. by following tradition b. by experience c. by calculating dollar costs d. by comparing costs and benefits What is a marginal change? a. a long-term trend b. a large, significant adjustment c. a change for the worse, and so is usually short-term d. a small incremental adjustment 18. After much consideration, you have chosen Cancun over Ft. Lauderdale for your Spring Break trip this year. For this decision to change, which of the following must occur? a. The marginal benefit of Cancun must increase. b. The marginal cost of Cancun must decrease. c. The marginal benefit of Ft. Lauderdale must increase. d. The marginal cost of Ft. Lauderdale must increase. 19. The average cost per seat on a bus trip from Montreal to Toronto is $140. Suppose no refreshments are served and 3 seats are empty. How could the bus company increase its profit? a. if it charged no less than $140 for the 3 remaining seats b. if it charged more than $140 for the 3 remaining seats c. if it charged any ticket price above $0 for the remaining seats d. if it left the seats empty 20. According to economists, what do people respond to? a. laws b. incentives c. threats more than rewards d. positives, but not negatives 21. In the former Soviet Union, producers were paid for meeting output targets, not for selling products. Under those circumstances, what were the economic incentives for producers?

4 a. to produce good quality products so that society benefits from the resources used b. to conserve on costs, so as to maintain efficiency in the economy c. to produce enough to meet the output target, without regard for quality or cost d. to produce those products that society desires most 22. Which of the following statements about trade is NOT true? a. Trade increases competition. b. One country wins and one country loses. c. Canada can benefit from trade with any country. d. Trade allows people to buy a greater variety of goods and services at lower cost. 23. How can Canada benefit from trade? a. only with nations that can produce goods Canada cannot produce b. with any nation c. with any nation not in economic competition with Canada d. only with less developed nations 24. Which would NOT be true in a market economy? a. Firms decide whom to hire and what to produce. b. Government policies do not affect the decisions of firms and households. c. Households decide which firms to work for and what to buy with their incomes. d. Profit and self-interest guide the decisions of firms and households In a market economy, what guides economic activity? a. the government b. corporations c. central planners d. prices 26. How do prices direct economic activity in a market economy? a. by influencing the actions of buyers and sellers b. by reducing scarcity of the goods and services produced c. by eliminating the need for government intervention d. by allocating goods and services produced in the most equitable way 27. Which is the most correct statement about the invisible hand? a. The invisible hand always ensures both equity and efficiency. b. The invisible hand cannot ensure either equity or efficiency. c. The invisible hand is more effective at ensuring efficiency than it is at ensuring equity. d. The invisible hand is more effective at ensuring equity than it is at ensuring efficiency. 28. How does a market economy reward people? a. according to their need for goods and services b. according to how willing they are to work

5 c. according to their ability to produce things that other people are willing to pay for d. according to their ability to produce things of cultural importance 29. What is one component necessary for markets to work? a. government intervention b. a benevolent society c. property rights d. abundant resources 30. What does the term market failure refer to? a. a situation in which the market on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently b. an unsuccessful advertising campaign that reduces buyer demand c. a situation in which competition among firms becomes ruthless d. a firm that is forced out of business because of losses 31. What are two causes of market failure? a. externalities and market power b. market power and incorrect forecasts of consumer demand c. externalities and foreign competition d. incorrect forecasts of consumer demand and foreign competition 32. What is an example of market power? a. a fast food restaurant in a university town b. a wheat farmer in Saskatchewan c. the last gas station in Manitoba for 100 miles d. a shoe store in Ontario What is an example of an externality? a. the impact of bad weather on the income of farmers b. the impact of the personal income tax on a person's ability to purchase goods and services c. the impact of pollution from a factory on the health of people in the vicinity of the factory d. the impact of increases in health care costs on the health of individuals in society 34. What is market power? a. the power of a single person or group to influence market prices b. the ability of a person or group of people to successfully market new products c. the power of the government to regulate a market d. the relative importance of a market to the overall economy 35. What is the primary determinant of a country's standard of living? a. the ability to reduce foreign competition b. the ability to produce goods and services c. the total supply of money in the economy d. the average age of the country's labour force

6 36. A typical worker in Italy can produce 24 units of product in an 8 hour day, where a typical worker in Poland produces 25 units of product in a 10 hour day. What can we conclude? a. Worker productivity in Poland is higher than in Italy. b. The standard of living will be higher in Italy than in Poland. c. Productivity for the Polish worker is 3 units per hour and 2 1/2 units per hour for the Italian worker. d. There will be no difference between the standard of living in Italy and Poland. Chapter 2 1. What is meant by scientific method? a. the use of modern electronic testing equipment to understand the world b. the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works c. the use of controlled experiments in understanding the way the world works d. finding evidence to support preconceived theories about how the world works 2. Why is the use of theory and observation more difficult in economics than in sciences such as physics? a. due to the difficulty in evaluating an economic experiment b. due to the lack of the funding for economic experiment c. due to the difficulty in actually performing an experiment in an economic system d. due to the difficulty in collecting sufficient data 3. Why do economists make assumptions? a. to diminish the chance of wrong answers b. to make the world easier to understand c. because all scientists make assumptions d. to make certain that all necessary variables are included 6 4. If an economist develops a theory about international trade based on the assumption that there are only two countries and two goods, what is most likely? a. The theory can be useful only in situations involving two countries and two goods. b. It is a total waste of time, since the actual world has many countries trading many goods. c. The theory can be useful in helping economists understand the complex world of international trade involving many countries and many goods. d. The theory can be useful in the classroom, but has no use in the real world. 5. What is the goal of theories? a. to provide an interesting, but not useful, framework of analysis b. to provoke stimulating debate in scientific journals c. to demonstrate that the developer of the theory is capable of logical thinking

7 d. to help scientists understand how the world works 6. What happens when scientists make good assumptions? a. They greatly simplify the problem without substantially affecting the answer. b. They further complicate an already complicated subject. c. They can leave out necessary variables that may result in incorrect answers. d. They may not be able to reach an appropriate conclusion. 7. How do economists begin building an economic model? a. by writing grants for government funding b. by conducting controlled experiments in a lab c. by making assumptions d. by reviewing statistical forecasts 8. Which of the following is NOT true about most economic models? a. They are built using the tools of mathematics. b. They are useful to economists, but not to policymakers. c. They do not include every feature of the economy. d. They are built using assumptions. 9. What is a circular-flow diagram? a. a visual model of how the economy is organized b. a mathematical model of how the economy works c. a model that shows the effects of government on the economy d. a visual model of the relationship among money, prices, and businesses 10. In the simple circular-flow diagram, who are the decision makers? a. firms and government b. households and firms c. households and government d. households, firms, and government 11. According to a simple circular-flow diagram, in how many markets do households and firms interact? a. one type of market b. two types of markets c. three types of markets d. households and firms do not interact What are factors of production? a. the mathematical calculations firms make to determine production b. weather and social and political conditions that affect production c. the physical relationships between economic inputs and outputs d. inputs into the production process 13. Which of the following would NOT be considered a factor of production?

8 a. labour b. land c. capital d. money 14. Refer to Figure 2-1. Which arrow shows the flow of goods and services? a. arrow A b. arrow B c. arrow C d. arrow D 15. Refer to Figure 2-1. Which arrow shows the flow of spending by households? a. arrow A b. arrow B c. arrow C d. arrow D 16. In economics, what does capital refer to? a. the finances necessary for firms to produce their products b. buildings and machines used in the production process c. the money households use to purchase firms' output d. the value of stock market shares to investors 17. What is revenue received by firms from sales that is not used to pay for factors of production? a. rent b. wages c. profit d. interest 8

9 18. What does a point on a country's production possibilities frontier represent? a. a combination of two goods that an economy will never be able to produce. b. a combination of two goods that an economy can produce using all availabe resources and technology. c. a combination of two goods that an economy can produce using some of its resources and technology. d. a combination of two goods that an economy may be able to produce sometime in the future with additional resources and technology. 19. For what reason are production possibilities frontiers usually bowed outward? a. constant opportunity cost b. increasing opportunity cost c. decreasing opportunity cost d. increasing productivity 20. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about production possibilities? a. An economy can produce only on the production possibilities frontier. b. An economy can produce at any point inside or outside a production possibilities frontier. c. An economy can produce at any point on or inside the production possibilities frontier, but not outside the frontier. d. An economy can produce at any point inside the production possibilities frontier, but noton or outside the frontier. 21. When is an economic outcome said to be efficient? a. if the economy is using all of the resources it has available b. if the economy is conserving on resources and not using all it has c. if the economy is getting all it can from the scarce resources it has available d. if the economy is able to produce more than its current production without additional resources 22. On a production possibilities frontier, when is production efficient? a. if the production point is on the frontier b. if the production point is outside the frontier c. if the production point is on or inside the frontier d. if the production point is inside the frontier 23. Which of the following concepts is NOT illustrated by the production possibilities frontier? a. efficiency b. opportunity cost c. equity d. tradeoffs 24. When a production possibilities frontier is linear, what does it show?

10 a. a truer picture of real life than a bowed out production possibilities frontier b. an example of constant opportunity cost c. an example of increasing opportunity cost d. an example of decreasing opportunity cost Refer to Figure 2-2. At which point or points can the economy NOT produce? a. point A b. point C c. point A, C d. point A, C, D 26. Refer to Figure 2-2. Which point or points are efficient? a. point B, E b. point A, B, E c. point D d. point C 27. What is the opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good as shown on the production possibilities frontier? a. the amount of the other good that must be given up. b. the market price of the additional amount produced. c. the amount of resources that must be devoted to its production. d. the number of dollars that must be spent to produce it.

11 28. Refer to Table 2-1. What is the opportunity cost to Toyland of increasing the production of dolls from 200 to 300? a. 200 fire trucks b. 150 fire trucks c. 100 fire trucks d. It is impossible to tell what the opportunity cost is since in this example costs are not constant Refer to Table 2-1. Which of the following statements accurately describes the production possibilities for Toyland? a. The opportunity cost of an additional 100 dolls is 50 fire trucks. b. The opportunity cost of an additional 100 dolls is 100 fire trucks. c. Without additional information, it is impossible to determine the opportunity cost of an additional doll. d. The opportunity cost of an additional 100 dolls increases as more dolls are produced. 30. Which is the best statement about the roles of economists? a. Economists are best viewed as policymakers. b. Economists are best viewed as scientists. c. In trying to explain the world, economists are policymakers; in trying to improve the world, they are scientists. d. In trying to explain the world, economists are scientists; in trying to improve the world, hey are policymakers. 31. How do economists view positive statements? a. affirmative, justifying existing economic policy b. optimistic, putting the best possible interpretation on things c. descriptive, making a claim about how the world is d. prescriptive, making a claim about how the world ought to be 32. What type of statement is "Prices rise when the government prints too much money"? a. positive economic statement b. negative economic statement c. normative economic statement d. welfare statement

12 33. Of what use is a coordinate system? a. to show the flow of income and products in an economic system b. to organize labour and other resources in the production process c. to allow economists to show two variables on a single graph d. to teach economists how to draw graphs consistently 34. What is an ordered pair? a. the process of checking calculations twice before placing them on a graph b. two numbers that can be represented by a single point on a graph c. two numbers that are represented by side-by-side points on a graph d. two points on a graph that are equal distances from the origin 35. What is the ordered pair that represents the origin on a graph? a. (1, 1) b. (0, 0) c. (0, 1) d. (1, 0) 36. How is the slope of a straight line calculated? a. rise divided by run b. run divided by rise c. the average of rise and run. d. rise plus run Chapter 3 1. If there is no trade, which of the following is most likely? a. A country is better off because it will become self-sufficient. b. A country's production possibilities frontier is also its consumption possibilities frontier. c. A country can still benefit from international specialization. d. More product variety is available in a country. 2. If there is trade, which of the following is most likely? a. A country is worse off because it becomes dependent on other countries. b. A country will produce a greater variety of goods and services to trade. c. A country's consumption possibilities frontier can be outside its production possibilities frontier. d. A country will experience a lower unemployment rate. 3. When will a production possibilities frontier be linear and not bowed out? a. If no tradeoffs exist. b. If the tradeoff between the two goods is always at a constant rate. c. If unemployment is zero.

13 d. If resources are allocated efficiently. 4. Which of the following is NOT correct? a. Trade allows for specialization. b. Trade is good for nations. c. Trade is based on absolute advantage. d. Trade allows individuals to consume outside of their individual production possibilities curve. 5. Refer to Table 3-1. What is the opportunity cost of 1 pound of meat for the Farmer? a. 1/4 hour of labour. b. 4 hours of labour. c. 4 kg of potatoes. d. 1/4 kg of potatoes. 6. Refer to Table 3-1. What is the opportunity cost of 1 kg of potatoes for the Rancher? a. 4 hours of labour. b. 5 hours of labour. c. 5/4 kg of meat. d. 4/5 kg of meat. 7. Refer to Table 3-1. Which of the following is correct? a. The Farmer has an absolute advantage in meat, and the Rancher has an absolute advantage in potatoes. b. The Farmer has an absolute advantage in potatoes, and the Rancher has an absolute advantage in meat. c. The Farmer has an absolute advantage in meat, and the Rancher has an absolute advantage in meat. d. The Farmer has an absolute advantage in neither good, and the Rancher has an absolute advantage in both goods.

14 8. Refer to Table 3-2. What is the opportunity cost of 1 kilogram of meat for the Rancher? a. 4 hours of labour. b. 5 hours of labour. c. 5/4 kilograms of potatoes. d. 4/5 kilogram of potatoes. 9. Refer to Table 3-2. What is the opportunity cost of 1 kilogram of potatoes for the Farmer? a. 8 hours of labour. b. 2 hours of labour. c. 4 kilograms of meat. d. 1/4 kilogram of meat. 10. Refer to Table 3-2. Which of the following is correct? a. The Farmer has an absolute advantage in neither good, and the Rancher has a comparative advantage in meat. b. The Farmer has an absolute advantage in meat, and the Rancher has a comparative advantage in potatoes. c. The Farmer has an absolute advantage in potatoes, and the Rancher has a comparative advantage in meat. d. The Farmer has an absolute advantage in neither good, and the Rancher has a comparative advantage in potatoes.

15 11. Refer to Figure 3-1. If Paul divides his time equally between corn and wheat, what will he be able to produce? a. 2 bushels of wheat and 2 bushels of corn. b. 3 bushels of wheat and 3 bushels of corn. c. 4 bushels of wheat and 5 bushels of corn. d. 4 bushels of wheat and 6 bushels of corn. 12. Refer to Figure 3-1. What is the opportunity cost of 1 bushel of wheat for Cliff? a. 1/3 bushel of corn. b. 2/3 bushel of corn. c. 1 bushel of corn. d. 3/2 bushels of corn. 13. Refer to Figure 3-1. Assume that both Paul and Cliff divide their time equally between the production of corn and wheat, and they do not trade. If they were the only producers of corn and wheat, what would the total production of wheat and corn be? a. 8 bushels of wheat and 7 bushels of corn. b. 7 bushels of wheat and 6 bushels of corn. c. 6 bushels of wheat and 8 bushels of corn. d. 7 bushels of wheat and 7 bushels of corn. 14. Refer to Figure 3-1. Assume that Cliff and Paul were both producing wheat and corn, and each was dividing their time equally between the two. Then they decide to specialize in the product they have a comparative advantage in. What would happen to the total production of corn? a. Increase by 1 bushel. b. Increase by 3 bushels. c. Increase by 5 bushels. d. Decrease by 2 bushels. 15. Refer to Figure 3-1. Which of the following is true for Cliff and Paul? a. Paul has an absolute advantage in both wheat and corn. b. Paul has an absolute advantage in wheat and Cliff has an absolute advantage in corn. c. Cliff has an absolute advantage in wheat and Paul has an absolute advantage in corn. d. Cliff has an absolute advantage in both wheat and corn.

16 16. Refer to Figure 3-2. What is the opportunity cost of 1 pair of tap shoes for Fred? a. 1/3 pair of ballet slippers. b. 1/5 pair of ballet slippers. c. 3/5 pair of ballet slippers. d. 5/3 pairs of ballet slippers. 17. Refer to Figure 3-2. What is the opportunity cost of 1 pair of tap shoes for Ginger? a. 1/4 pair of ballet slippers. b. 1/3 pair of ballet slippers. c. 3/4 pair of ballet slippers. d. 4/3 pairs of ballet slippers. 18. Refer to Figure 3-2. Which of the following is correct? a. Ginger has an absolute advantage in ballet slippers and Fred has an absolute advantage in tap shoes. b. Ginger has an absolute advantage in tap shoes and Fred has an absolute advantage in ballet slippers. c. Ginger has an absolute advantage in neither good and Fred has an absolute advantage in both goods. d. Ginger has an absolute advantage in both goods and Fred has an absolute advantage in neither good. 19. Refer to Figure 3-2. What should Fred produce? a. Only tap shoes. b. Only ballet slippers. c. Both ballet slippers and tap shoes. d. Neither ballet slippers nor tap shoes.

17 20. Refer to Figure 3-2. If Fred and Ginger both specialize in the good in which they have a comparative advantage, what would the total production be? a. 6 ballet slippers and 6 tap shoes. b. 8 ballet slippers and 6 tap shoes. c. 8 ballet slippers and 8 tap shoes. d. 8 ballet slippers and 10 tap shoes. 21. If Shawn can produce donuts at a lower opportunity cost than Sue, which of the following is correct? a. Shawn has a comparative advantage in the production of donuts. b. Sue has a comparative advantage in the production of donuts. c. Shawn should be retrained and produce a different product. d. It is obvious that Shawn is capable of producing more donuts than Sue. 22. For two people who are planning to trade two different goods, each will have a comparative advantage in a different good unless, a. they have exactly the same opportunity cost. b. they have agreed in advance on who will produce what and how much each will produce. c. the terms of trade are such that neither can gain from trade. d. one person has an absolute advantage in both products. 23. What does comparative advantage reflect? a. productivity. b. relative opportunity cost. c. efficiency. d. terms of trade advantage. 24. Belarus has a comparative advantage in the production of linen, but Russia has an absolute advantage in the production of linen. If these two countries decide to trade, which of the following is correct? a. Belarus should export linen to Russia. b. Russia should export linen to Belarus. c. For these two countries, trading linen would be a "stand-off" so they should trade another product. d. Without additional information about Russia, this question cannot be answered. 25. Suppose a producer requires a smaller quantity of inputs to produce a good. Which of the following is correct? a. The producer should import that good. b. The producer has a comparative advantage in the production of that good. c. The producer has an absolute advantage in the production of that good. d. The producer has both an absolute and comparative advantage in the production of that good. 26. How is absolute advantage found?

18 a. By comparing opportunity costs. b. By calculating the dollar cost of production. c. By comparing the productivity of one nation to that of another. d. By first determining which country has a comparative advantage. 27. What happens when countries specialize according to their comparative advantage? a. It is possible to increase world output of all goods. b. It is possible to increase world output of some goods only by reducing the output of others. c. One country is likely to gain from trade while others lose. d. All countries will lose from trade. 28. Mike and Sandy are two woodworkers who both make tables and chairs. In 1 month, Mike can make 4 tables or 20 chairs, where Sandy can make 6 tables or 18 chairs. What do we know? a. Mike has a comparative advantage in tables. b. Sandy has an absolute advantage in chairs. c. Mike has an absolute advantage in tables. d. Sandy has a comparative advantage in tables. 29. Suppose that a worker in Freedonia can produce either 6 units of corn or 2 units of wheat per year, and a worker in Sylvania can produce either 2 units of corn or 6 units of wheat per year. Each nation has 10 workers. Without trade, Freedonia produces and consumes 30 units of corn and 10 units of wheat per year. Sylvania produces and consumes 10 units of corn and 30 units of wheat. Then suppose that trade is initiated between the two countries, and Freedonia sends 30 units of corn to Sylvania in exchange for 30 units of wheat. What maximum amounts will Freedonia now be able to consume? a. 30 units of corn and 30 units of wheat. b. no corn and 30 units of wheat. c. 60 units of corn and 30 units of wheat. d. no corn and 60 units of wheat. 30. Suppose that a worker in Radioland can produce either 4 radios or 1 television per year, and a worker in Teeveeland can produce either 2 radios or 5 televisions per year. Each nation has 100 workers. If Radioland trades 100 televisions to Teeveeland in exchange for 100 radios each year, what is the impact on each country's maximum consumption of new radios and televisions per year? a. Higher than it would be in the absence of trade because of the gains from trade. b. The same as it would be in the absence of trade. c. Less than it would be in the absence of trade because neither country is specializing in the product for which it has a comparative advantage. d. Less than it would be in the absence of trade because Teeveeland has an absolute advantage in both goods and so would lose if it trades with Radioland.

19 31. Suppose that the country of Xenophobia chose to isolate itself from the rest of the world. Its ruler proclaimed that Xenophobia should become self-sufficient, and so would not engage in foreign trade. From an economic perspective, when would this idea make sense? a. If Xenophobia had an absolute advantage in all goods. b. If Xenophobia had no absolute advantages in any goods. c. Never as long as Xenophobia had a comparative advantage in any good. d. Never as long as Xenophobia had an absolute advantage in at least half the goods traded. 32. What are exports? a. a limit placed on the quantity of goods brought into a country. b. goods produced abroad and sold domestically. c. a country's ability to produce a good. d. goods produced domestically and sold abroad. Scenario 3-1. Suppose you are an owner of a small factory that produces tables and chairs. You have 4 workers; worker A, B, C and D. Worker A can produce 4 tables or 12 chairs in one day. Worker B can produce 4 tables or 8 chairs, worker C 5 tables or 10 chairs and worker D 6 tables or 9 chairs. 33. Currently, worker A and C are making only chairs and B and D making only tables. a. The current production plan is efficient. b. The current production plan is not efficient. c. We don t have enough information to determine whether the current production plan is efficient. d. This factory should produce only chairs. 34. Which of the following is not correct? a. The opportunity cost of 1 table for worker A is 3 chairs. b. Worker D has absolute advantage in table. c. Worker C has comparative advantage in table. d. Workers B and C have the same opportunity cost of 1 chair. 35. Which of the following production plans is not efficient? a. Everyone makes only tables. b. Everyone makes only chairs. c. Worker A and B make only chairs; workers C and D make only tables. d. Workers A and C make only tables; workers B and D make only chairs. 36. Which of the following production point is not efficient? (The first coordinate is referred to the number of chairs) a. (39,0) 39 chairs and 0 table b. (20,11) c. (29,5)

20 d. (24,9) Chapter 4 1. Workers at a bicycle assembly plant currently make minimum wage. If the provincial government increases the minimum wage by $1.00 an hour, what will likely happen? a. Demand for bicycle assembly workers will increase. b. Supply of bicycles will shift to the right. c. Supply of bicycles will shift to the left. d. The firm must increase output to maintain profit levels. 2. If suppliers expect the price of their product to fall in the future, what will they do? a. decrease supply now b. increase supply now c. increase supply in the future but not now d. nothing, since there is nothing they can do to affect the price in the future 3. Wheat is the main input in the production of flour. If the price of wheat decreases, all else equal, what would we expect? a. the supply of flour to be unaffected b. the supply of flour to decrease c. the supply of flour to increase d. the demand for flour to decrease 4. Refer to Figure 4-1. What is the movement from S to S1 called? a. a decrease in supply b. a decrease in quantity supplied c. an increase in supply d. an increase in quantity supplied

21 5. Refer to Figure 4-1. What could cause the movement from S to S1? a. a decrease in the price of the good b. an improvement in technology c. an increase in income d. an increase in input prices 6. What is the price where quantity supplied equals quantity demanded? a. coordinating price b. monopoly price c. equilibrium price d. balancing point 7. What happens if there is a shortage of a good at the current price? a. Sellers are producing more than buyers wish to buy. b. The market must be in equilibrium. c. The price is below the equilibrium price. d. Quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. 8. Refer to Figure 4-2. In this market, what would the equilibrium price and quantity be? a. $15 and 400 b. $20 and 600 c. $25 and 500 d. $25 and Refer to Figure 4-2. If the price is $25, what would happen? a. There would be a surplus of 300 and the price would fall. b. There would be a surplus of 200 and the price would fall. c. There would be a shortage of 200 and the price would rise. d. There would be a shortage of 300 and the price would rise.

22 10. Suppose roses are currently selling for $40.00 per dozen. The equilibrium price of roses is $50.00 per dozen. What would we expect? a. a shortage to exist and the market price of roses to increase b. a shortage to exist and the market price of roses to decrease c. a surplus to exist and the market price of roses to increase d. a surplus to exist and the market price of roses to decrease 11. Refer to Figure 4-3. Which of the four graphs represents the market for peanut butter after a major hurricane hits the peanut-growing area? a. graph A b. graph B c. graph C d. graph D 12. Refer to Figure 4-3. Which of the four graphs represents the market for pizza delivery in a university town in September? a. graph A b. graph B c. graph C d. graph D 13. Which of the following will definitely cause equilibrium quantity to fall? a. demand increases and supply decreases

23 b. demand and supply both decrease c. demand decreases and supply increases d. demand and supply both increase 14. When evaluating differences or similarities between an increase in supply and an increase in quantity supplied, what do we know? a. The former is a shift of the curve and the latter is a movement along the curve. b. The former is a movement along the curve and the latter is a shift of the curve. c. Both are shifts of the supply curve. d. Both are movements along the curve. 15. Suppose that the number of buyers in a market increases and a technological advancement occurs. What would we expect to happen in the market? a. The equilibrium price would increase, but the impact on the amount sold in the market would be ambiguous. b. The equilibrium price would decrease, but the impact on the amount sold in the market would be ambiguous. c. Equilibrium quantity would increase, but the impact on equilibrium price would be ambiguous. d. Both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity would increase. 16. Suppose that the incomes of buyers in a particular market for a normal good decrease and there is also a reduction in input prices. What would we expect to occur in this market? a. The equilibrium price would increase, but the impact on the amount sold in the market would be ambiguous. b. The equilibrium price would decrease, but the impact on the amount sold in the market would be ambiguous. c. Both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity would increase. d. Equilibrium quantity would increase, but the impact on equilibrium price would be ambiguous. 17. Suppose that demand decreases AND supply decreases. What would you expect to occur in the market for the good? a. Equilibrium price would increase, but the impact on equilibrium quantity would be ambiguous. b. Equilibrium price would decrease, but the impact on equilibrium quantity would be ambiguous. c. Equilibrium quantity would decrease, but the impact on equilibrium price would be ambiguous. d. Both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity would increase. 18. Which of the following would result in an increase in equilibrium price and an ambiguous change in equilibrium quantity? a. an increase in supply and demand b. an increase in supply and a decrease in demand

24 c. a decrease in supply and an increase in demand d. a decrease in supply and demand 19. Which of the following would cause both the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of number two grade potatoes (an inferior good) to increase? a. an increase in consumer income b. a decrease in consumer income c. greater government restrictions on agricultural chemicals d. fewer government restrictions on agricultural chemicals 20. Beef is a normal good. You observe that both the equilibrium price and quantity of beef has fallen over time. Which of the following would be most consistent with this observation? a. Consumers have experienced an increase in income and beef-production technology has improved. b. The price of chicken has risen and the price of steak sauce has fallen. c. Consumer tastes have changed so as to prefer beef less than before. d. The demand curve for beef must be positively sloped. 21. What are the signals that guide the allocation of resources in a market economy? a. laws b. buyers and sellers c. property rights d. prices 22. Market demand is given as Qd = 200 3P. Market supply is given as Qs = 2P In a perfectly competitive equilibrium, what will be price and quantity traded in the market? a. price will be $140 and quantity will be 20 b. price will be $20 and quantity will be 140 c. price will be $60 and quantity will be 20 d. price will be $120 and quantity will be Market demand is given as Qd = 120 P. Market supply is given as Qs = 4P. What would result if the market price were $15? a. a shortage of 45 b. a surplus of 45 c. a surplus of 60 d. a shortage of What is a market? a. a group of demanders and suppliers of a particular good or service b. a group of people with common desires c. a place where only sellers meet d. a place where only buyers come together

25 25. What happens in a competitive market? a. There is only one seller of the product. b. Each seller of the product is free to set the price of his product. c. Each seller attempts to compete with other sellers, causing fewer sellers in the market. d. There are so many buyers and sellers that each has a negligible impact on price. 26. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market? a. similar products b. numerous sellers c. market power d. numerous buyers 27. What is the term for buyers and sellers who have no influence on market price? a. price makers b. market pawns c. price takers d. powerless 28. If a seller in a competitive market chooses to charge more than the market price, what would happen? a. Buyers would tend to buy more from this seller. b. The owners of the raw materials used in production would raise the prices for the raw materials. c. Other sellers would also raise their price. d. Buyers will tend to make purchases from other sellers. 29. Alyssa rents 5 movies per month when the price is $3.00 each and 7 movies per month when the price is $2.50. What has Alyssa demonstrated? a. law of price b. law of supply c. actions of an irrational consumer d. law of demand 30. Which of the following reflects the downward-sloping demand curve? a. Price is positively related to quantity supplied. b. There is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. c. There is a direct relationship between price and quantity demanded. d. When the price falls, buyers willingly buy less. 31. How is a demand curve constructed? a. Demand is on the vertical axis and quantity is on the horizontal axis. b. Price is on the horizontal axis and quantity is on the vertical axis. c. Price is on the vertical axis and demand is on the horizontal axis. d. Price is on the vertical axis and quantity is on the horizontal axis.

26 32. What does a market demand curve reflect? a. how much all buyers are willing and able to buy at each possible price b. how quantity demanded changes when the number of buyers changes c. the fact that the level of income is inversely related to quantity demanded d. when the buyers are willing to buy the most 33. Refer to Table 4-1. When the price of the good is $1.00, what is the quantity demanded in this market? a. 42 units b. 31 units c. 24 units d. 14 units 34. Refer to Table 4-1. What happens if the price increases from $1.00 to $1.50? a. The market demand increases by 20 units. b. The quantity demanded in the market decreases by 2 units. c. Individual demands will increase. d. The quantity demanded in the market decreases by 7 units. 35. Which of the following would NOT be a determinant of demand? a. the price of related goods b. income c. expectations d. the prices of the inputs used to produce the good 36. If a good is "normal," what will an increase in income result in? a. no change in the demand for the good b. an increase in the demand for the good c. a decrease in the demand for the good d. a lower market price 37. Currently you purchase 6 packages of hot dogs a month. You graduate in December and will start your new job on January 2. You have no plans to purchase hot dogs in January. What are hot dogs for you?

27 a. a "college-only" good b. a normal good c. an inferior good d. a consumer good 38. If the price of a substitute to good X increases, what will happen? a. Demand for good X will decrease. b. Market price of good X will decrease. c. Demand for good X will increase. d. Quantity demanded for good X will increase. 39. What is an example of complementary goods? a. hamburgers and hot dogs b. lawnmowers and automobiles c. hamburgers and fries d. wine and beer 40. Which of the following would NOT shift the demand curve for a good or service? a. a change in income b. a change in the price of the good or service c. a change in expectations about the price of the good or service d. a change in the price of a related good 41. Suppose that Carolyn receives a pay increase. What would we expect? a. Carolyn's demand for normal goods to remain unchanged. b. Carolyn's demand for inferior goods to decrease. c. Carolyn's demand for luxury goods to decrease. d. Carolyn's demand for normal goods to decrease. 42. What might be the reason when quantity demanded has increased at every price? a. The number of buyers in the market has decreased. b. Income has increased and this good is an inferior good. c. The consumer prefers another good more than this good. d. The price of a substitute good has increased. 43. Suppose you make jewellery. If the price of gold increases, what would we expect you to do? a. be willing and able to produce less jewellery than before at each possible price b. be willing and able to produce more jewellery than before at each possible price c. face a greater demand for your jewellery d. face a weaker demand for your jewellery