Monopolistic Competition
|
|
- Neil Lloyd
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Monopolistic Competition CHAPTER16 C H A P T E R C H E C K L I S T When you have completed your study of this chapter, you will be able to 1 Describe and identify monopolistic competition. 2 Explain how a firm in monopolistic competition determines its output and price in the short run and the long run. 3 Explain why advertising costs are high and why firms use brand names in monopolistic competition. 1
2 16.1 WHAT IS MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION? Monopolistic competition is a market structure in which A large number of firms compete. Each firm produces a differentiated product. Firms compete on price, product quality, and marketing. Firms are free to enter and exit WHAT IS MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION? Large Number of Firms Like perfect competition, the market has a large number of firms. Three implications are Small market share No market dominance Collusion impossible 16.1 WHAT IS MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION? Product Differentation Product differentiation is making a product that is slightly different from the products of competing firms. A differentiated product has close substitutes but it does not have perfect substitutes. When the price of one firm s product rises, the quantity demanded of that firm s product decreases. 2
3 16.1 WHAT IS MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION? Competing on Quality, Price, and Marketing Quality Design, reliability, after-sales service, and buyer s ease of access to the product. Price Because of product differentiation, the demand curve for the firms product is downward sloping. Marketing Advertising and packaging 16.1 WHAT IS MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION? Entry and Exit No barriers to entry. So the firm cannot make economic profit in the long run. Identifying Monopolistic Competition Two indexes: The four-firm concentration ratio The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 16.1 WHAT IS MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION? The Four-Firm Concentration Ratio The four-firm concentration ratio is the percentage of the value of sales accounted for by the four largest firms in the industry. The range of concentration ratio is from almost zero for perfect competition to 100 percent for monopoly. A ratio that exceeds 60 percent is an indication of oligopoly. A ratio of less than 40 percent is an indication of a competitive market monopolistic competition. 3
4 16.1 WHAT IS MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION? The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is the square of the percentage market share of each firm summed over the largest 50 firms in a market. Example, four firms with market shares as 50 percent, 25 percent, 15 percent, and 10 percent. HHI = = 3,450 A market with an HHI less than 1,000 is regarded as competitive and between 1,000 and 1,800 is moderately competitive WHAT IS MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION? Limitations of Concentration Measures The two main limitations of concentration measures alone as determinants of market structure are their failure to take proper account of The geographical scope of a market Barriers to entry and firm turnover How, given its costs and the demand for its jeans, does Tommy Hilfiger decide the quantity of jeans to produce and the price at which to sell them? The Firm s Profit-Maximizing Decision The firm in monopolistic competition makes its output and price decision just like a monopoly firm does. Figure 16.1 on the next slide illustrates this decision. 4
5 1. Profit is maximized when MR = MC. 2. The profit-maximizing output is 125 pairs of Tommy jeans per day. 3. The profit-maximizing price is $75 per pair. ATC is $25 per pair, so 4. The firm makes an economic profit of $6,250 a day. Profit Maximizing Might Be Loss Minimizing Some firms in monopolistic competition have a tough time making a profit. A burst of entry into an industry can limit the demand for each firm s own product. Figure 16.2 on the next slide illustrates a firm incurring a loss in the short run. 1. Loss is minimized when MC = MR. 2. The loss-minimizing output is 40,000 customers and 3. The price is $40 per month, which is less than ATC. 4. The firm incurs an economic loss. 5
6 Long Run: Zero Economic Profit Economic profit induces entry and economic loss induces exit, as in perfect competition. Entry decreases the demand for the product of each firm. Exit increases the demand for the product of each firm. In the long run, economic profit is competed away and firms earn normal profit. Figure 16.3 on the next slide illustrates long-run equilibrium. 1. The output that maximizes profit is 75 pairs of Tommy jeans a day. 2. The price is $50 per pair. Average total cost is also $50 per pair. 3. Economic profit is zero. Monopolistic Competition and Perfect Competition The two key differences between monopolistic competition and perfect competition are that in monopolistic competition, there is Excess capacity A markup of price over marginal cost 6
7 Excess Capacity A firm has excess capacity if the quantity it produces is less that the quantity at which average total cost is a minimum. A firm s efficient scale is the quantity of production at which average total cost is a minimum. Markup A firm s markup is the amount by which price exceeds marginal cost. 1. The efficient scale is 100 pairs of Tommy jeans a day. 2. The firm produces less than the efficient scale and has excess capacity. 3. Price exceeds 4. marginal cost by the amount of 5. the markup. 6. Deadweight loss arise. In perfect competition, 1. The efficient quantity is produced and 2. Price equals marginal cost. 7
8 Is Monopolistic Competition Efficient? Deadweight Loss Because price exceeds marginal cost, monopolistic competition creates deadweight loss an indicator of inefficiency. Making the Relevant Comparison Price exceeds marginal cost because of product differentiation. But product variety is valued. The Bottom Line Product variety is both valued and costly. But compared to the alternative, monopolistic competition looks efficient. Innovation and Product Development Wherever economic profits are earned, imitators emerge. To maintain economic profit, a firm must seek out new products. Cost Versus Benefit of Product Innovation The firm must balance the cost and benefit at the margin. Efficiency and Product Innovation Regardless of whether a product improvement is real or imagined, its value to the consumer is its marginal benefit, which equals the amount the consumer is willing to pay. The marginal benefit to the producer is the marginal revenue, which in equilibrium equals marginal cost. Because price exceeds marginal cost, product improvement is not pushed to its efficient level. 8
9 Advertising Firms in monopolistic competition spend a large amount on advertising and packaging their products. Advertising Expenditures A large proportion of the prices that we pay cover the cost of selling a good. Eye On the U.S. Economy shows some estimates of marketing expenditures for some familiar markets. Selling Costs and Total Costs Advertising expenditures increase the costs of a monopolistically competitive firm above those of a perfectly competitive firm or a monopoly. Advertising costs are fixed costs. Advertising costs per unit decrease as production increases. Figure 16.5 on the next slide illustrates the effects of selling costs on total cost. 1. When advertising costs are added to 2. The average total cost of production, 3. Average total cost increases by a greater amount at small outputs than at large outputs. 9
10 4. If advertising enables sales to increase from 25 pairs of jeans a day to 100 pairs a day, and the average total cost falls from $60 a pair to $40 a pair. Selling Costs and Demand Advertising and other selling efforts change the demand for a firm s product. The effects are complex: A firm s own advertising increases the demand for its product. Advertising by all firms might decrease the demand for any one firm s product and might make demand more elastic. The price and markup might fall. Figure 16.6 shows the possible effect of advertising. With no advertising, demand is low but the markup is large. 10
11 With advertising, average total cost increases and the ATC curve becomes ATC 1. If all firms advertise, demand decreases and becomes more elastic. Profit-maximizing output increases, the price falls, and the markup shrinks. Using Advertising to Signal Quality Some advertising is very costly and has almost no information content about the item being advertised. Such advertising is used to signal high quality. A signal is an action taken by an informed person or firm to send a message to uninformed people. Signaling works because it is profitable to signal high quality and deliver it but unprofitable to signal a high quality product and not deliver it. Brand Names Brand names are also used to provide information about the quality of a product. It is costly to establish a widely recognized brand name. Like costly advertising, a brand name signals high quality. Brand names work because it is unprofitable to incur the cost of creating a brand name and then deliver a low quality product. 11
12 Efficiency of Advertising and Brand Names Advertising and brand names that provide information about the quality of products enable buyers to make better choices. Advertising and brand name can be efficient if the marginal cost of the information equals its marginal benefit. The final verdict on the efficiency of monopolistic competition is ambiguous. 12
MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
14 MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION The online shoe store shoebuy.com lists athletic shooes made by 56 different producers in 40 different categories and price between$25 and $850. It offers 1,404 different types
More informationUse the following to answer question 4:
Homework Chapter 11: Name: Due Date: Wednesday, December 4 at the beginning of class. Please mark your answers on a Scantron. It is late if your Scantron is not complete when I ask for it at 9:35. Get
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Micro - HW 4 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In central Florida during the spring, strawberry growers are price takers. The reason
More informationMonopolistic Competition. Chapter 17
Monopolistic Competition Chapter 17 The Four Types of Market Structure Number of Firms? Many firms One firm Few firms Differentiated products Type of Products? Identical products Monopoly Oligopoly Monopolistic
More informationMarket Structure & Imperfect Competition
In the Name of God Sharif University of Technology Graduate School of Management and Economics Microeconomics (for MBA students) 44111 (1393-94 1 st term) - Group 2 Dr. S. Farshad Fatemi Market Structure
More informationEco201 Review questions for chapters Prof. Bill Even ====QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 13=============================
Eco201 Review questions for chapters 13-15 Prof. Bill Even ====QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 13============================= 1) A monopoly has two key features, which are. A) barriers to entry and close substitutes
More informationSlides and Images, Worth Publishers Inc. 8-1
Perfect Competition Michael J. Murray Slides and Images, Worth Publishers Inc. 8-1 Market Structure Analysis By observing a few industry characteristics, we can predict pricing and output behavior of the
More informationMonopoly and How It Arises
Monopoly and How It Arises A monopoly is a market: That produces a good or service for which no close substitute exists In which there is one supplier that is protected from competition by a barrier preventing
More informationFINALTERM EXAMINATION FALL 2006
FINALTERM EXAMINATION FALL 2006 QUESTION NO: 1 (MARKS: 1) - PLEASE CHOOSE ONE Compared to the equilibrium price and quantity sold in a competitive market, a monopolist Will charge a price and sell a quantity.
More information29/02/2016. Market structure II- Other types of imperfect competition. What Is Monopolistic Competition? OTHER TYPES OF IMPERFECT COMPETITION
Market structure II- Other types of imperfect competition OTHER TYPES OF IMPERFECT COMPETITION Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic competition is a market structure in which many firms
More informationChapter 6. Competition
Chapter 6 Competition Copyright 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-1 Chapter 6 The goal of this
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Review 10-14-15 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The four-firm concentration ratio equals the percentage of the value of accounted
More informationMonopolistic Competition
CHAPTER 16 Monopolistic Competition Goals in this chapter you will Examine market structures that lie between monopoly and competition Analyze competition among firms that sell differentiated products
More informationPrinciples of Microeconomics Module 5.1. Understanding Profit
Principles of Microeconomics Module 5.1 Understanding Profit 180 Production Choices of Firms All firms have one goal in mind: MAX PROFITS PROFITS = TOTAL REVENUE TOTAL COST Two ways to reach this goal:
More informationFigure: Computing Monopoly Profit
Name: Date: 1. Compared to perfect competition: A) monopoly produces more at a lower price. B) monopoly produces where MR > MC, and a perfectly competitively firm produces where P = MC. C) monopoly may
More informationSection I (20 questions; 1 mark each)
Foundation Course in Managerial Economics- Solution Set- 1 Final Examination Marks- 100 Section I (20 questions; 1 mark each) 1. Which of the following statements is not true? a. Societies face an important
More informationEcon 2113: Principles of Microeconomics. Spring 2009 ECU
Econ 2113: Principles of Microeconomics Spring 2009 ECU Chapter 12 Monopoly Market Power Market power is the ability to influence the market, and in particular the market price, by influencing the total
More informationCHAPTER NINE MONOPOLY
CHAPTER NINE MONOPOLY This chapter examines how a market controlled by a single producer behaves. What price will a monopolist charge for his output? How much will he produce? The basic characteristics
More informationa. Sells a product differentiated from that of its competitors d. produces at the minimum of average total cost in the long run
I. From Seminar Slides: 3, 4, 5, 6. 3. For each of the following characteristics, say whether it describes a perfectly competitive firm (PC), a monopolistically competitive firm (MC), both, or neither.
More informationMonopoly. Cost. Average total cost. Quantity of Output
While a competitive firm is a price taker, a monopoly firm is a price maker. A firm is considered a monopoly if... it is the sole seller of its product. its product does not have close substitutes. The
More informationCONTENTS. Introduction to the Series. 1 Introduction to Economics 5 2 Competitive Markets, Demand and Supply Elasticities 37
CONTENTS Introduction to the Series iv 1 Introduction to Economics 5 2 Competitive Markets, Demand and Supply 17 3 Elasticities 37 4 Government Intervention in Markets 44 5 Market Failure 53 6 Costs of
More informationECON 102 Kagundu Final Exam (New Material) Practice Exam Solutions
www.liontutors.com ECON 102 Kagundu Final Exam (New Material) Practice Exam Solutions 1. A A large number of firms will be able to operate in the industry because you only need to produce a small amount
More informationAP Microeconomics Review Session #3 Key Terms & Concepts
The Firm, Profit, and the Costs of Production 1. Explicit vs. implicit costs 2. Short-run vs. long-run decisions 3. Fixed inputs vs. variable inputs 4. Short-run production measures: be able to calculate/graph
More informationModule 67: Introduction to Monopolisitic Competition
Module 67: Introduction to Monopolisitic Competition Schmidty School of Economics Learning Targets I Can Key Economic Concepts For This Module: Firms in monopolistic competition have downward sloping demand
More informationMONOPOLY. Characteristics
OBJECTIVES Explain how managers should set price and output when they have market power With monopoly power, the firm s demand curve is the market demand curve. A monopolist is the only seller of a product
More informationPractice Exam 3: S201 Walker Fall with answers to MC
Practice Exam 3: S201 Walker Fall 2007 - with answers to MC Print Your Name: I. Multiple Choice (3 points each) 1. If marginal utility is falling then A. total utility must be falling. B. marginal utility
More informationsample test 3 - spring 2013
sample test 3 - spring 2013 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A natural monopoly occurs when a. the product is sold in its
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements is correct? A) Consumers have the ability to buy everything
More informationECON 251 Exam 2 Pink. Fall 2012
ECON 251 Exam 2 Pink Use the table below to answer the following four questions The table below shows Harry s total utility from consuming beer and wine. The price of beer is $2 per bottle. The price of
More informationINTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS LECTURE 13 - MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION AND OLIGOPOLY. Monopolistic Competition
13-1 INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS LECTURE 13 - MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION AND OLIGOPOLY Monopolistic Competition Pure monopoly and perfect competition are rare in the real world. Most real-world industries
More informationECON 251 Practice Exam 2 Questions from Fall 2013 Exams
ECON 251 Practice Exam 2 Questions from Exams Gordon spends all his income on spatulas and mixing bowls. Spatulas cost $4 and mixing bowls cost $12. Gordon has $60 of income and considers both spatulas
More informationAP Microeconomics Chapter 10 Outline
I. Learning Objectives In this chapter students should learn: A. How the long run differs from the short run in pure competition. B. Why profits encourage entry into a purely competitive industry and losses
More informationAGENDA Mon 10/12. Economics in Action Review QOD #21: Competitive Farming HW Review Pure Competition MR = MC HW: Read pp Q #7
AGENDA Mon 10/12 Economics in Action Review QOD #21: Competitive Farming HW Review Pure Competition MR = MC HW: Read pp 173-176 Q #7 QOD #21: Competitive Farming A purely competitive wheat farmer can sell
More informationMonopoly. PowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCU Eastern Illinois University
15 Monopoly PowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCU Eastern Illinois University 1 Market power Why Monopolies Arise Alters the relationship between a firm s costs and the selling price Monopoly
More informationIntroduction. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives. Economics Today Twelfth Edition. Chapter 25 Monopolistic Competition
Roger LeRoy Miller Economics Today Twelfth Edition Chapter 25 Copyright 2004 Pearson Addison Wesley. All rights reserved. Introduction Thomas Jefferson extolled the virtues of allowing individuals to pursue
More informationECON 2100 Principles of Microeconomics (Summer 2016) Monopoly
ECON 21 Principles of Microeconomics (Summer 216) Monopoly Relevant readings from the textbook: Mankiw, Ch. 15 Monopoly Suggested problems from the textbook: Chapter 15 Questions for Review (Page 323):
More informationMonopoly. 3 Microeconomics LESSON 5. Introduction and Description. Time Required. Materials
LESSON 5 Monopoly Introduction and Description Lesson 5 extends the theory of the firm to the model of a Students will see that the profit-maximization rules for the monopoly are the same as they were
More informationVIII 1 TOPIC VIII: MONOPOLY AND OTHER INDUSTRY STRUCTURES. I. Monopoly - Single Firm With No Threat of Close Competition. Other Industry Structures
TOPIC VIII: MONOPOLY AND OTHER INDUSTRY STRUCTURES I. Monopoly - Single Firm With No Threat of Close Competition II. Other Industry Structures CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES MONOPOLY We now consider the opposite
More informationEcon 410: Micro Theory Monopoly, Monopsony, and Monopolistic Competition
Econ 410: Micro Theory Monopoly, Monopsony, and Monopolistic Competition Wednesday, November 28 th, 2007 Announcement Bennett Harman, Deputy Assistant U.S. Trade Representative, is speaking on campus tomorrow.
More informationECON December 4, 2008 Exam 3
Name Portion of ID# Multiple Choice: Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A fundamental source of monopoly market power arises from a. perfectly
More informationThe above Figure 1 shows the demand and cost curves facing a monopolist.
Practice 13&14 1) The key characteristics of a monopolistically competitive market structure include A) few sellers. B) sellers selling similar but differentiated products. C) high barriers to entry. D)
More informationMicroeconomics (Oligopoly & Game, Ch 12)
Microeconomics (Oligopoly & Game, Ch 12) Lecture 17-18, (Minor 2 coverage until Lecture 18) Mar 16 & 20, 2017 CHAPTER 12 OUTLINE 12.1 Monopolistic Competition 12.2 Oligopoly 12.3 Price Competition 12.4
More informationThe "competition" in monopolistically competitive markets is most likely a result of having many sellers in the market.
Chapter 16 Monopolistic Competition TRUE/FALSE 1. The "competition" in monopolistically competitive markets is most likely a result of having many sellers in the market. ANS: T 2. The "monopoly" in monopolistically
More informationChapter 7: Market Structures Section 2
Chapter 7: Market Structures Section 2 Objectives 1. Describe characteristics and give examples of a monopoly. 2. Describe how monopolies, including government monopolies, are formed. 3. Explain how a
More informationChapter 13. Microeconomics. Monopolistic Competition: The Competitive Model in a More Realistic Setting
Microeconomics Modified by: Yun Wang Florida International University Spring, 2018 1 Chapter 13 Monopolistic Competition: The Competitive Model in a More Realistic Setting Chapter Outline 13.1 Demand and
More informationPure Monopoly. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
10 Pure Monopoly McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Four Market Models Characteristics of the Four Basic Market Models Characteristic Number of firms
More informationProduction in Perfectly Competitive Markets. How prices act as signals for production decisions in markets with many suppliers
Production in Perfectly Competitive Markets How prices act as signals for production decisions in markets with many suppliers Demand and Supply Analysis Assumed that there were many buyers and sellers
More informationChapter 13. What will you learn in this chapter? A competitive market. Perfect Competition
Chapter 13 Perfect Competition 214 by McGraw-Hill Education 1 What will you learn in this chapter? What the characteristics of a perfectly competitive market are. How to calculate average, marginal, and
More informationThe Analysis of Competitive Markets
C H A P T E R 12 The Analysis of Competitive Markets Prepared by: Fernando & Yvonn Quijano CHAPTER 12 OUTLINE 12.1 Monopolistic Competition 12.2 Oligopoly 12.3 Price Competition 12.4 Competition versus
More informationCHAPTER 8. Managing in Competitive, Monopolistic, and Monopolistically Competitive Markets
CHAPTER 8 Managing in Competitive, Monopolistic, and Monopolistically Competitive Markets CHAPTER OUTLINE Perfect competition Demand at the market and firm levels Short-run output decisions Long-run decisions
More informationPerfect competition: occurs when none of the individual market participants (ie buyers or sellers) can influence the price of the product.
Perfect Competition In this section of work and the next one we derive the equilibrium positions of firms in order to determine whether or not it is profitable for a firm to produce and, if so, what quantities
More informationPerfect Competition and The Supply Curve
chapter: 13 >> Perfect Competition and The Supply Curve The following materials are taken from Chap. 13, Economics, 2 nd ed., Krugman and Wells(2009), Worth Palgrave MaCmillan. 2009 Worth Publishers 1
More informationChapter 13 Monopolistic Competition: The Competitive Model in a More Realistic Setting
Economics 6 th edition 1 Chapter 13 Monopolistic Competition: The Competitive Model in a More Realistic Setting Modified by Yulin Hou For Principles of Microeconomics Florida International University Fall
More informationUnit 4: Imperfect Competition
Unit 4: Imperfect Competition 1 Monopoly 2 Characteristics of Monopolies 3 5 Characteristics of a Monopoly 1. Single Seller One Firm controls the vast majority of a market The Firm IS the Industry 2. Unique
More information6) The mailing must be postmarked by June 15. 7) If you have any questions please me at
Examination Instructions: 1) Answer the examination only after you have read the honesty pledge below. 2) The multiple choice section will be taken in WebCT and a tutorial for using WebCT is to be found
More informationMarket structures. Why Monopolies Arise. Why Monopolies Arise. Market power. Monopoly. Monopoly resources
Market structures Why Monopolies Arise Market power Alters the relationship between a firm s costs and the selling price Charges a price that exceeds marginal cost A high price reduces the quantity purchased
More informationPractice Test for Midterm 2 Econ Fall 2009 Instructor: Soojae Moon
Practice Test for Midterm 2 Econ 2010-200 Fall 2009 Instructor: Soojae Moon Please read carefully and choose the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Table 7-2 This table refers
More informationTeaching about Market Structures
Teaching about Market Structures Felix B. Kwan, Ph.D. Professor of Econ/Finance, Maryville University AP Econ Conference - FRB St. Louis June 17-19, 2015 Profits Foundational Concepts Some basic terms/concepts
More informationCOST OF PRODUCTION & THEORY OF THE FIRM
MICROECONOMICS: UNIT III COST OF PRODUCTION & THEORY OF THE FIRM One of the concepts mentioned in both Units I and II was and its components, total cost and total revenue. In this unit, costs and revenue
More informationManagerial Economics Prof. Trupti Mishra S.J.M School of Management Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Lecture -29 Monopoly (Contd )
Managerial Economics Prof. Trupti Mishra S.J.M School of Management Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture -29 Monopoly (Contd ) In today s session, we will continue our discussion on monopoly.
More informationMarket Structure. Oligopoly
Market Structure Oligopoly Characteristics of Oligopoly The government does not intervene into the operations of the oligopolistically competitive firm in the market unless the oligopolist violates the
More informationEconomics 110 Final exam Practice Multiple Choice Qs Fall 2013
Final Exam Practice Multiple Choice Questions - ANSWER KEY Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Monopolistic competition is similar to monopoly because in each market structure the firm
More informationMonopoly. While a competitive firm is a price taker, a monopoly firm is a price maker.
Monopoly Monopoly While a competitive firm is a price taker, a monopoly firm is a price maker. Monopoly A firm is considered a monopoly if... it is the sole seller of its product. its product does not
More informationChapter 15 Oligopoly
Goldwasser AP Microeconomics Chapter 15 Oligopoly BEFORE YOU READ THE CHAPTER Summary This chapter explores oligopoly, a market structure characterized by a few firms producing a product that mayor may
More informationSyllabus item: 57 Weight: 3
1.5 Theory of the firm and its market structures - Monopoly Syllabus item: 57 Weight: 3 Main idea 1 Monopoly: - Only one firm producing the product (Firm = industry) - Barriers to entry or exit exists,
More informationMonopoly. Chapter 15
Monopoly Chapter 15 Monopoly While a competitive firm is a price taker, a monopoly firm is a price maker. Monopoly u A firm is considered a monopoly if... it is the sole seller of its product. its product
More informationmicroeconomics II first module
Lecture 2 Perfectly competitive markets Kosmas Marinakis, Ph.. Important notes 1. Homework 1 will is due on Monday 2. Practice problem set 2 is online microeconomics II first module 2013-18 Kosmas Marinakis,
More informationA few firms Imperfect Competition Oligopoly. Figure 8.1: Market structures
8.1 Setup Monopoly is a single firm producing a particular commodity. It can affect the market by changing the quantity; via the (inverse) demand function p (q). The tradeoff: either sell a lot cheaply,
More informationIntroduction. Learning Objectives. Chapter 24. Perfect Competition
Chapter 24 Perfect Competition Introduction Estimates indicate that since 2003, the total amount of stored digital data on planet Earth has increased from 5 exabytes to more than 200 exabytes. Accompanying
More informationPerfect Competition Chapter 8
Perfect Competition Chapter 8 A Perfectly Competitive Market A perfectly competitive market is one in which economic forces operate unimpeded. A Perfectly Competitive Market For a market to be perfectly
More information2010 Pearson Education Canada
What Is Perfect Competition? Perfect competition is an industry in which Many firms sell identical products to many buyers. There are no restrictions to entry into the industry. Established firms have
More informationEconomics. Monopoly. N. Gregory Mankiw. Premium PowerPoint Slides by Vance Ginn & Ron Cronovich C H A P T E R P R I N C I P L E S O F
C H A P T E R Monopoly Economics P R I N C I P L E S O F N. Gregory Mankiw Premium PowerPoint Slides by Vance Ginn & Ron Cronovich 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved In
More information2007 Thomson South-Western
WHAT IS A COMPETITIVE MARKET? A competitive market has many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price taker. Buyers and sellers must accept the price determined
More informationUnit 4: Imperfect Competition
Unit 4: Imperfect Competition 1 Monopoly 2 Characteristics of Monopolies 3 5 Characteristics of a Monopoly 1. Single Seller One Firm controls the vast majority of a market The Firm IS the Industry 2. Unique
More information7.1 Perfect Competition and Monopoly Objectives
7.1 Perfect Competition and Monopoly Objectives Distinguish the features of perfect competition. Describe the barriers to entry that can create a monopoly. Compare the market structures of monopoly and
More informationA monopoly market structure is one characterized by a single seller of a unique product with no close substitutes.
These notes provided by Laura Lamb are intended to complement class lectures. The notes are based on chapter 12 of Microeconomics and Behaviour 2 nd Canadian Edition by Frank and Parker (2004). Chapter
More informationPrinciples of Microeconomics Assignment 8 (Chapter 10) Answer Sheet. Class Day/Time
1 Principles of Microeconomics Assignment 8 (Chapter 10) Answer Sheet Name Class Day/Time Questions of this homework are in the next few pages. Please find the answer of the questions and fill in the blanks
More information23 Perfect Competition
23 Perfect Competition Learning Objectives After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to 1. define price taker, total revenues, marginal revenue, short-run shutdown price, short-run breakeven
More informationMonopolistic Markets. Causes of Monopolies
Monopolistic Markets Causes of Monopolies The causes of monopolization Monoplositic resources Only one firm owns a resource which is crucial for production (e.g. diamond monopol of DeBeers). Monopols created
More informationTutor2u Economics Essay Plans Summer 2002
Microeconomics Revision Essay (7) Perfect Competition and Monopoly (a) Explain why perfect competition might be expected to result in an allocation of resources which is both productively and allocatively
More informationMicroeonomics. Firms in Competitive Markets. In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions: Introduction: A Scenario. N.
C H A T E R 14 Firms in Competitive Markets R I N C I L E S O F Microeonomics N. Gregory Mankiw remium oweroint Slides by Ron Cronovich 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved
More informationPerfect Competition CHAPTER 14. Alfred P. Sloan. There s no resting place for an enterprise in a competitive economy. Perfect Competition 14
CHATER 14 erfect Competition There s no resting place for an enterprise in a competitive economy. Alfred. Sloan McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
More informationChapter 13 Perfect Competition
Chapter 13 Perfect Competition 13.1 A Firm's Profit-Maximizing Choices 1) Is the number of sellers in the market the only thing that is different in each of the four market types economists study? Answer:
More informationMonopoly CHAPTER. Goals. Outcomes
CHAPTER 15 Monopoly Goals in this chapter you will Learn why some markets have only one seller Analyze how a monopoly determines the quantity to produce and the price to charge See how the monopoly s decisions
More informationChapter 10 Pure Monopoly
Chapter 10 Pure Monopoly Multiple Choice Questions 1. Pure monopoly means: A. any market in which the demand curve to the firm is downsloping. B. a standardized product being produced by many firms. C.
More informationShort run and long run price and output decisions of a monopoly firm,
1 Chapter 1-Theory of Monopoly Syllabus-Concept of imperfect competition, Short run and long run price and output decisions of a monopoly firm, Concept of a supply curve under monopoly, comparison of perfect
More informationEcon Microeconomic Analysis and Policy
ECON 500 Microeconomic Theory Econ 500 - Microeconomic Analysis and Policy Monopoly Monopoly A monopoly is a single firm that serves an entire market and faces the market demand curve for its output. Unlike
More informationECON 260 (2,3) Practice Exam #4 Spring 2007 Dan Mallela
ECON 260 (2,3) Practice Exam #4 Spring 2007 Dan Mallela Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Profit is defined as a. net revenue
More informationECN 3103 INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION
ECN 3103 INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION 3. Monopoly Mr. Sydney Armstrong Lecturer 1 The University of Guyana 1 Semester 1, 2016 OUR PLAN Monopoly Reference for reviewing these concepts: Carlton, Perloff, Modern
More information11.1 Monopoly Profit Maximization
11.1 Monopoly Profit Maximization CHAPTER 11 MONOPOLY A monopoly is the only supplier of a good for which there is no close substitute. Monopolies are not price takers like competitive firms Monopoly output
More informationCHAPTER 8 Competitive Firms and Markets
CHAPTER 8 Competitive Firms and Markets CHAPTER OUTLINE 8.1 Competition Price Taking Why the Firm s Demand Curve Is Horizontal Why We Study Competition 8.2 Profit Maximization Profit Two Steps to Maximizing
More informationChapter 13 MODELS OF MONOPOLY. Copyright 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 MODELS OF MONOPOLY Copyright 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 1 Monopoly A monopoly is a single supplier to a market This firm may choose to produce
More informationI enjoy teaching this class. Good luck and have a nice Holiday!!
ECON 202-501 Fall 2008 Xiaoyong Cao Final Exam Form A Instructions: The exam consists of 2 parts. Part I has 35 multiple choice problems. You need to fill the answers in the table given in Part II of the
More information2) All combinations of capital and labor along a given isoquant cost the same amount.
Micro Problem Set III WCC Fall 2014 A=True / B=False 15 Points 1) If MC is greater than AVC, AVC must be rising. 2) All combinations of capital and labor along a given isoquant cost the same amount. 3)
More informationCHAPTER 8: SECTION 1 A Perfectly Competitive Market
CHAPTER 8: SECTION 1 A Perfectly Competitive Market Four Types of Markets A market structure is the setting in which a seller finds itself. Market structures are defined by their characteristics. Those
More informationchapter: Solution Monopolistic Competition and Product Differentiation
Monopolistic Competition and Product Differentiation chapter: 15 1. Use the three conditions for monopolistic competition discussed in the chapter to decide which of the following firms are likely to be
More informationPrinciples of Economics Final Exam. Name: Student ID:
Principles of Economics Final Exam Name: Student ID: 1. In the absence of externalities, the "invisible hand" leads a competitive market to maximize (a) producer profit from that market. (b) total benefit
More informationOther examples of monopoly include Australia Post.
In this session we will look at monopolies, where there is only one firm in the market with no close substitutes. For example, Microsoft first designed the operating system Windows. As a result of this
More informationUnit 4: Imperfect Competition
Unit 4: Imperfect Competition 1 FOUR MARKET STRUCTURES Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Pure Monopoly Imperfect Competition Every product is sold in a market that can be considered
More informationLecture 22. Oligopoly & Monopolistic Competition
Lecture 22. Oligopoly & Monopolistic Competition Course Evaluations on Thursday: Be sure to bring laptop, smartphone, or tablet with browser, so that you can complete your evaluation in class. Oligopoly
More information