The Globalization of Trade in Retail Services
|
|
- Mitchell Walsh
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Globalization of Trade in Retail Services Prof Neil Wrigley University of Southampton Prof Michelle Lowe University of Surrey 1 Aims and Context Study commissioned by OECD to inform expert meeting on distribution services Aims are to: Explain how & why retail sector internationalised over the past two decades and characteristics of process Highlight current and potential future trends in the internationalisation of the sector Consider how trade, investment & regulatory policy have shaped the international activities of retailers Assess importance of e-commerce in international retailing and any potential restrictions on its development Assess policy areas and measures which might be included in the retail part of a services trade restrictiveness index (STRI) 2 1
2 Study written from perspective of academic social scientists who have contributed to research and scholarship on the retail sector and multinational retailers in the global economy, but who are not trade policy analysts. An important aim of the study is to add value to the OECD debates from that wider perspective. 3 Sector Background In all OECD economies, distribution sector provides a crucial and dynamically evolving link between producers and consumers. Sector typically offers major contribution to: economy-wide employment 13-17% business activity 25-30% and GDP 8-17% Within distribution sector (including both retail and wholesale trade) majority of these contributions provided by retailing an industry which over the past three decades has increasingly been viewed as dynamic and innovative 4 2
3 Stock Days 11/22/2010 During 1980s and 1990s, retailing transformed by three interrelated forces 1. Remorseless processes of concentration ultimately produced some of the largest firms in national economies firms which progressively increased their bargaining power relative to suppliers 2. Emergence of retailers as lead firms in buyer-driven supply chains which progressively shifted from supply push to demand pull in character 5 3. Processes of lean retailing - integrated logistics and supply chain management methods which underpinned just-in-time demand-pull supply systems allowing substantial reductions in retailer inventory holdings and amount of capital tied up in those holdings Figure 1:The emergence of lean retailing - reductions in retailer inventory holdings in the 1980s/early 1990s by the UK s leading retailer (Tesco)
4 From the mid 1990s onwards, the transformed retail industries of OECD countries at forefront of these three interrelated transformations began a period of sustained engagement with the global economy essentially as exporters of retail capital and expertise. Other OECD countries, whose retail systems remained essentially traditional, experienced that engagement in an importer mode Late 1990s rapid acceleration of retail FDI, largely by European and US retailers and primarily into the emerging markets of Asia, Central/Eastern Europe and Latin America Emergence of retailing as one of the driving forces of economic globalization 7 The Lead Role of Grocery Retailers Within retail industry food and fast moving consumer goods sold through grocery outlets provide the largest element of total sales In UK retail sales through grocery outlets accounted for 48.8% of total retail sales and 13.1% of total household expend 2005 It was essentially these major grocery/fmcg-retailers who powered the emergence of retailing as one of the driving forces of economic globalization in the late 1990s 8 4
5 Retail Globalization Characteristics & Driving Forces Scale and Scope By retailers derived over $25 billion p.a. from their international operations operating on average store networks in 18 countries Other studies (Dawson top 100 retailers, Deloitte top 250 retailers) show both international sales and average number of countries of operation increasing over time All listings of world s leading retailers show domination by grocery retailers 134 of top 250 in Deloitte 2008 list. Next largest groups are hardline leisure & fashion goods retailers 9 Driving Forces Acceleration in retail FDI late 1990s driven by: longer-term growth opportunities perceived to be offered by emerging economies with previously largely traditional retail systems consolidating, and often increasingly tightly regulated, home markets of these firms capacity of largest of these firms to leverage their increasing core-market scale and free cash flow for expansionary investment, in order to secure the longerterm higher growth opportunities offered by the emerging markets 10 5
6 Process facilitated by: full or partial liberalisation of trade and market access in many of emerging economies availability of low-cost capital emulation of the first mover benefits seen to have accrued to the early retail internationalisers emergence/adoption of ICT technologies providing essential management tools assisting control of, and knowledge transfer within, large dispersed operations exogenous macro-economic derived opportunities e.g. the attractive investment and market entry possibilities provided by the Asian economic crisis of Phases Table 3: Reardon s waves of retail transformation in emerging markets Wave 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Countries Modern retail market share mid 2000s Early 1990s Mid-late 1990s Early 2000s Late 2000s South America East Asia (outside China & Japan). Parts of South-East Asia (e.g. Thailand, Philippines). Northern-Central Europe (e.g. Poland & Baltic countries). South Africa Mexico & Central America Much of South-East Asia (e.g. Indonesia) South-Central Europe South Africa 50-60% 30-50% 1-20% China Eastern Europe Russia Other parts of Central America & S.E. Asia India South Asia (outside India) Sub-Saharan Africa outside countries impacted in 2nd and 3rd waves Poorer countries in South East Asia (e.g. Cambodia) South America (e.g. Bolivia) 12 6
7 Resistance Academics increasingly argued that Reardon s image of waves of diffusion and related concepts of take-off imply too much inevitability of domination of emerging market retailers by multinational retailers Fail to deal with resistance shown by both leading indigenous retailers, and by informal retail channels 13 Continuing extent of this resistance illustrated by market positions Tesco holds, and the competition it faces, in the nine emerging economies in which it operates In 5 of those markets - Tesco close to market leadership Despite determined efforts and significant/continued capital expenditure by Tesco, a local retailer retains that leadership Given that Tesco has invested for market leadership more systematically than many of its rivals, this demonstrates the fallacy of any easy or inevitable route to domination of emerging markets by multinational retailing 14 7
8 The Challenge of the Regional TNCs Figure 4: The rise of the regional retail-tnc - Dairy Farm s expanding operations in Asia Competitive Shake-Out Recent feature of retail globalization is the drive for market scale and sustainable advantage Inability to achieve market scale in a country against better placed multinational rivals or leading local chains has resulted in growing numbers of cases of strategic divestment and market exit by retail TNCS E.g. Wal-Mart and Carrefour divested their Korean stores in 2006 leaving Tesco as only multinational retailer, and Carrefour recently announced its strategic withdrawal from South-East Asia Alternative to divestment is use of asset swaps to secure market scale e.g. the swap of Tesco and Carrefour retail outlets in Taiwan, Czech Republic and Slovakia in
9 Global and Regional Sourcing and Trade Main debates focused on local sourcing impacts of retail FDI But important impacts also arise as result of multinational retailers linking emerging market operations into both global sourcing networks & embryonic regional sourcing systems Important issues surround the pattern of import evolution do retail TNCs act as highly efficient Trojan horses for imported goods, or do they reduce importing over time as transformation of local supply networks builds supply capacity/quality standards in host economy, leading ultimately to stimulation of exports into home markets of the retail TNCs 17 Barriers to Trade Shaping the International Activities of Retailers Two broad types of barriers have important effects 1. Institutional, cultural, and organizational barriers 2. Regulatory barriers 18 9
10 1. Institutional, cultural, and organizational barriers Of critical importance to the competitiveness of retail TNCs is their capacity to adapt to the institutional and cultural characteristics of the international markets they enter 19 Retail TNCs with different organizational capabilities and cultures differ considerably in extent to which they invest in and/or can achieve locally responsive strategies They enter markets using different processes of capability, transfer, modification and creation Additionally, must overcome challenges relating to: protection of knowledge intense and localised regulatory challenge contested relationships with their suppliers of finance 20 10
11 Regulatory Barriers Range considered in academic studies covers spectrum from: restrictions on inward retail FDI differential application of competition rules shareholder equity and minimum capital requirements application of land/property, zoning & building regulations permitted formats & minimum serviced population levels format-specific restrictions of store opening hours environmental, community/business impact requiements Academic debate has not concentrated on some other aspects of retail value-added chains - e.g. IPR, commercial communication/certification rules, payment services rules 21 Recent academic debate focused more on extent to which period of market access liberalisation has been followed by trend towards re-regulation Rise of re-regulation, particularly in South-East Asia, has attracted attention in particular, concern focused on types of adaptive responses made by multinational retailers - format adaptation, pre-emptive development site acquisition, etc and the differential agilities of retail TNCS. extent to which re-regulatory trends might be a long-term major constraint 22 11
12 Globalizing Retail and B2C E-Commerce E-tailing taken much longer to take root than assumed in late 1990s, but acceptance increasing year on year. E.g. in UK, e-tailing increased to almost 7% of total retail spend in % of adult population shopping online 23 Vital to understand multichannel model of e-tailing. E-commerce must not be seen as a separate market Regulatory challenges relate to: possibility of minimising exposure of e-tailing revenues to taxation and other regulations by redefining point of sale rise of virtual products, the endemic electronic piracy relating to those products, and complexities of developing legal retailer-driven download services 24 12
13 Trends and Research Priorities Although proportion of international sales continues to rise within world s largest 250 retailers, increase in the average number of international markets retailers operate in been driven from the early 2000s by the relatively smaller firms in those rankings Academic opinion increasingly querying whether retail globalization has entered new phase, characterised by: drive for market scale and sustainable advantage multi-format/channel adaptation shift into convenience and hard discount formats re-regulatory pressures continuing and stronger than anticipated domestic-retailer resistance rise of second-tier regional retail-tncs 25 Implications for a Services Trade Restrictiveness Index OECD Trade Committee Working Party suggests potential measures for inclusion in STRI organized into five categories restrictions on foreign ownership and other market entry conditions restrictions on movement of people other discriminatory measures and international standards barriers to competition regulatory transparency & administrative requirements. Our sector overview suggests international retail services trade has been particularly sensitive to some of the measures in categories 1 &
14 In category 1: foreign equity restrictions (& min capital requirements) which impose controls on multinational retailers taking majority controlling share ownership positions in major domestic retailers particularly signif in some regions, & continue to be an issue in slow process of opening Indian market to retail FDI. In category 4: competition policy offers crucial tool host-economy governments can use to prevent abuses of market power by retailers (e.g. predatory pricing to drive out smaller retailers, the imposition of anti-competitive supply-chain practices, etc ) and to maintain competitive markets however fine line exists between regulations aiming to ensure competitive markets and to mitigate adverse impacts on communities & environment, and trade restricting measures 27 Clear that multinational retailers have been subject to regulations (competition, property, planning, building) designed or interpreted so that they differentially impact the operating costs of multinational retailers, partic if operating larger formats Limited academic debate which exists centred on these issues also some on differential enforcements of labour laws and differential rules favouring informal economy But little on commercial-communication and certification rules, product labelling and liability rules, etc
15 In Conclusion As Nordas (2008) noted the retail sector to an unprecedented level has come under increased scrutiny under the implementation of international trade and investment agreements Trade economists and trade policy analysts who previously largely ignored the sector have recognised the growing role of retailers as intermediaries in international trade But also essential to add the perspectives of other disciplines who have contributed to research on multinational retailing and the global economy and to inject those into OECD s work on services, trade, restrictiveness 29 15
Revisiting the Globalization of Trade in Retail Services
Global Forum on Trade Revisiting the Globalization of Trade in Retail Services Prof Neil Wrigley FBA University of Southampton Prof Michelle Lowe University of Southampton 1 Aims of 2010 report were to:
More informationThe Rise of Supermarkets in the Asia-Pacific Region. Implications for Trade and Development
The Rise of Supermarkets in the Asia-Pacific Region Implications for Trade and Development Thomas Reardon Michigan State University 1. The Rise of Supermarkets in the Asia-Pacific Region in Global Context
More informationAnalysis of Trends in Retailing at Global Level
SHIV SHAKTI International Journal in Multidisciplinary and Academic Research (SSIJMAR) Vol. 1, No. 4, November-December (ISSN 2278 5973) Analysis of Trends in Retailing at Global Level Nripendra K. Sharma
More informationGORDANA RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, LJILJANA MAKSIMOVIĆ, KATARINA BORISAVLJEVIĆ
ISSN 1804-0519 (Print), ISSN 1804-0527 (Online) www.academicpublishingplatforms.com DEVELOPMENT OF RETAIL MARKET IN SERBIA JEL Classifications: L81, F23 GORDANA RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, LJILJANA MAKSIMOVIĆ, KATARINA
More informationFresh Connections Global Retail Trends
Fresh Connections Global Retail Trends June 26, 2014 Flat Global Retail Economy 2014-2015 US Retail = LUKEWARM Slightly accelerating consumer economy. European Union Retail = FLAT TO DECLINE Continued
More informationA world in transition: PwC s 2017 APEC CEO Survey, November APEC CEO Survey. Indonesia findings.
A world in transition: PwC s 2017 APEC CEO Survey, November 2017 2017 APEC CEO Survey Indonesia findings www.pwc.com/apec Key themes Making of the workforce of the future An operating model for a fluid
More informationEmerging Global Trade Patterns: USDA s Long-term Agricultural Projections
Emerging Global Trade Patterns: USDA s Long-term Agricultural Projections Midwest Agriculture s Ties to the Global Economy Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago November 28, 217 Chicago Jim Hansen, Ph.D. USDA,
More informationInternal Trade From the mid-1990s on concentration vertical integration major international retail corporations buying groups, franchise networks
Internal Trade The term internal trade covers a diverse range of activities supporting the flow of goods from the producer to the final consumer, including wholesale, and a series of intermediary actions
More informationChapter Two Country Selection and Entry Strategies. Copyright 2012, SAGE Publications, Inc.
Chapter Two Country Selection and Entry Strategies Learning Objectives 1. What two factors drive market economies, and how are these factors different in command economies? 2. How do Rostow s five stages
More informationHow to Build a Successful B2C International Business
How to Build a Successful B2C International Business Agenda Introduction - Consumer and Foodservice Categories Keys to a Successful B2C International Business Macro Situation There has been unprecedented
More informationEnergy Efficiency & the Energy Future in ASEAN Amit Bando, Executive Director, IPEEC Bangkok, Thailand 5 June 2013
Energy Efficiency & the Energy Future in ASEAN Amit Bando, Executive Director, IPEEC Bangkok, Thailand 5 June 2013 1. What is IPEEC? 1 2 3 IPEEC is a high level international forum Provides global leadership
More informationM16/3/BUSMT/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX BUSINESS MANAGEMENT STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 1. Practice examination 2016 Todos os Mercados.
M16/3/BUSMT/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX BUSINESS MANAGEMENT STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 1 Practice examination 2016 Todos os Mercados 1 hour 15 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this examination paper until instructed
More informationBRIC Plus. Uncovering economic and supply chain success in the new emerging economies. David Jacoby. (1)
BRIC Plus Uncovering economic and supply chain success in the new emerging economies David Jacoby www.bostonstrategies.com (1) 781-250-8150 Agenda BRIC and Other Country Clusters The Next Generation Emerging
More informationPerception of Small Retailers towards new FDI Policy of Retailing in India- A study of Gwalior Region
Perception of Small Retailers towards new FDI Policy of Retailing in India- A study of Gwalior Region Mrs Pooja Jain Asst. Professor, Vikrant Group of Institutions Gwalior pooja007jain@gmail.com ABSTRACT
More informationFUTURE OF BUSINESS SURVEY
Future of Business Survey 01 FUTURE OF BUSINESS SURVEY TRADE REPORT JULY 2017 Future of Business Survey 02 INTRODUCTION¹ In January 2017, we published a report² based on findings from the Future of Business
More informationOral Testimony to the United States International Trade Commission
Oral Testimony to the United States International Trade Commission Investigation No. 332-536 Hearing The Information Technology Agreement: Advice and Information on the Proposed Expansion: Part 2 Presented
More informationArgus Ethylene Annual 2017
Argus Ethylene Annual 2017 Market Reporting Petrochemicals illuminating the markets Consulting Events Argus Ethylene Annual 2017 Summary Progress to the next peak of the economic cycle, now expected by
More informationBSc (Hons) In Computer Applications. Examinations for / Semester 2
BSc (Hons) In Computer Applications Cohort: BCA/06/PT Examinations for 2006-2007 / Semester 2 MODULE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODULE CODE: MGMT2301 Duration: 2 Hours Reading time: 45 Minutes Instructions
More informationMarketing Services Industry in Hong Kong
Feb 2018 Marketing Services Industry in Hong Kong Overview Hong Kong is the marketing services capital of Asia, where a full range of services can be found. The sophistication of the market has attracted
More informationCHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN THE 21 ST CENTURY
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN THE 21 ST CENTURY Catherine Moreddu Trade and Agriculture Directorate Agricultural Higher Education in the 21st Century, Zaragoza, Spain, 15-17
More informationTRADE AND SDG 13: ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
TRADE AND SDG 13: ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE ADB Regional Cooperation and Integration conference 28 November 2017 Andrew Prag On behalf of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Trade
More informationA Ten Year Strategic Outlook for the Global Flexible Plastic Packaging Market. Sample pages. Commodity Inside Ltd
A Ten Year Strategic Outlook for the Global Flexible Plastic Packaging Market Sample pages Chapter 1- Executive summary 1.1 Changes in the global flexible plastic packaging industry 1.2 Cost effectiveness
More informationThe dynamics of global food and agribusiness
Welcome to the world of Rabobank! The dynamics of global food and agribusiness Adrie Zwanenberg NUFFIELD Global Head F&A Research 20 February 2006 2 The world of Rabobank Food & agribusiness: a global
More informationUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNITED NATIONS TD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Distr. GENERAL TD(XI)/BP/5 27 April 2004 ENGLISH ONLY Eleventh session São Paulo, 13 18 June 2004 Prospects for FDI Flows, Transnational
More informationUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNITED NATIONS TD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Distr. GENERAL TD(XI)/BP/5 27 April 2004 ENGLISH ONLY Eleventh session São Paulo, 13 18 June 2004 Prospects for FDI Flows, Transnational
More informationIs there a place for Smallholder Producers in Supply-Chains?
Is there a place for Smallholder Producers in Supply-Chains? ARD Workshop, sponsored by the Rural Infrastructure, Markets and Finance (RIMFI) Thematic Group; and Rural Policy Thematic Group World Bank,
More informationTRANSFORMING AFRICA: FROM NATURAL RESOURCE DEPENDENCE TO SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. What Can Research Do?
TRANSFORMING AFRICA: FROM NATURAL RESOURCE DEPENDENCE TO SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT What Can Research Do? Ernest Aryeetey University of Ghana and Brookings Institution 1 Outline Introduction: The
More informationThree topics: Regionalism s Rationale Structural Trade Barriers and Infrastructure Demand Side Perspective
Comments on Asian Trade and Regional Integration David Roland-Holst, UC Berkeley Three topics: Regionalism s Rationale Structural Trade Barriers and Infrastructure Demand Side Perspective 2 June 2006 Pan
More informationCouncil of Supply Chain Management Professionals
Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals April 12, 2012 Raw Material Purchasing Factory Manufacturer s DC Customer s DC Consumer Rick D. Blasgen President & CEO CSCMP SCM = Seed to Table Evolutionary
More informationSustainability Strategy
A.P. Moller - Maersk Group A.P. Moller - Maersk Group Sustainability Strategy 2014 2018 Unlocking growth for society and Maersk Last updated October 7, 2015 I A.P. Moller - Maersk Group Sustainability
More informationEstimating Infrastructure s s Potential as a Catalyst for Asian Regional Integration, Growth, and Economic Convergence
Estimating Infrastructure s s Potential as a Catalyst for Asian Regional Integration, Growth, and Economic Convergence David Roland-Holst, UC Berkeley joint work with Ifzal Ali and Fan Zhai,, ADB presented
More informationBest Practices for Vendors to Lead in Retail in Multiple Markets
Best Practices for Vendors to Lead in Retail in Multiple Markets Presented by: David Marcotte Vice President - Retail Insights October 2011 Kantar Retail Innovation and Action Springs from our Heritage
More informationOffshoring to India. Its past, present and future
Offshoring to India Its past, present and future Past Introduction The development of modularized business processes at locations beyond the immediate physical vicinity of the firm. Company objectives:
More informationThe automotive GVC: Industrial development implications for South Africa
The automotive GVC: Industrial development implications for South Africa Presentation outline Automotive GVC schematic Global dispersion of production The changing relationship between developed and developing
More informationIFS APPLICATIONS SOLUTIONS FOR AGILE BUSINESS. The short version
APPLICATIONS SOLUTIONS FOR AGILE BUSINESS The short version 2 ifs Applications SOLUTIONS FOR AGILE BUSINESS OUR SOLUTION S DNA When we first set out to create Applications over 25 years ago, our goal was
More informationAvailable online at Journal of Retail Marketing & Distribution Management Vol. 1, Issue, p, April, 2017
Available online at http://www.nrjp.co.in Journal of Retail Marketing & Distribution Management Vol. 1, Issue, 01. 7-12p, April, 2017 National Research & Journal Publication Review Article FDI in Multi
More informationGLOBAL B2B E-COMMERCE MARKET 2018
PUBLICATION DATE: SEPTEMBER 2018 PAGE 2 GENERAL INFORMATION I PAGE 3 KEY FINDINGS I PAGE 4-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS I PAGE 8 REPORT-SPECIFIC SAMPLE CHARTS I PAGE 9 METHODOLOGY I PAGE 10 RELATED REPORTS I PAGE
More informationINDUSTRY OVERVIEW. According to the Frost & Sullivan Report, consumers in different regions share the following consumption patterns.
In addition, certain information in this section is extracted from an industry report prepared by Frost & Sullivan, dated 9 September 2013 (the Frost & Sullivan Report ), which we commissioned. For a discussion
More information3. Organizational Participants
BUSA 3000 3. Organizational Participants Asst. Prof. Dr. Ilke Kardes Spring 2016 1 Read chapter 3 2 Learning Objectives 1. Four types of participants in international business 2. Participants arranged
More informationA Fresh Look at Global Fruit Trade. Richard Owen, Produce Marketing Association
A Fresh Look at Global Fruit Trade Richard Owen, Produce Marketing Association 9 September 2015 About PMA Established in 1949 2,400 member companies 40 countries around the world PMA s Mission To connect,
More informationE-Finance for Trade: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Economies
E-Finance for Trade: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Economies Rouben Indjikian Electronic Commerce Branch, : Electronic Commerce and Development Internet 2000: 94 million hosts & more than
More informationDeveloping Value Chains in Southern Africa
Developing Value Chains in Southern Africa John Purchase GBI Conference 18 April 2013 Agribusiness & Value Chains Hot Topic McKinsey & Company Lions on the Move: The Progress & Potential of African economies
More informationThe Future of Industry in Europe
The Future of Industry in Europe Michele Alessandrini and Pietro Celotti (t33, Ancona, Italy) CoR Workshop The Future of Industry in Europe Challenges and Instruments for Local and Regional Authorities
More informationThe World Bank s Carbon Finance Business Options for Thailand. September 29, 2004
The World Bank s Carbon Finance Business Options for Thailand September 29, 2004 Climate Change and the World Bank The Bank s mission: poverty alleviation, sustainable development The Bank accepts IPCC
More informationUniversity of Johannesburg
University of Johannesburg New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development Justin Yifu Lin Chief Economist and Senior Vice President the World Bank March 16, 2011 1 Overview of Presentation
More informationINDONESIA PACKAGING MACHINERY MARKET ASSESSMENT. An Analysis of Market Opportunities for Packaging Machinery Manufacturers
2016 INDONESIA PACKAGING MACHINERY MARKET ASSESSMENT An Analysis of Market Opportunities for Packaging Machinery Manufacturers PRODUCED BY PMMI 11911 Freedom Drive Suite 600 Reston, VA 20190 USA 2016
More informationSupply. New Zealand Rail
Latest t Developments in Supply Chain and Logistics The Changing Face of the Logistics Manager October 2007 Who We Are Supply Chain Research Supply Market Forecasts Supply Chain Consulting New Zealand
More informationThe Role of Supply Chain Management in Irish Enterprise Strategy Development: a Three- Dimensional Approach
Dublin Institute of Technology ARROW@DIT Conference papers National Institute for Transport and Logistics 2004-09-01 The Role of Supply Chain Management in Irish Enterprise Strategy Development: a Three-
More informationDigital Trade in the U.S. and Global Economies
Digital Trade in the U.S. and Global Economies For APEC Symposium on the Internet Economy Boracay, the Philippines May 18, 2015 Present by: Lin Jones (Lin.Jones@usitc.gov) Agenda o U.S. International Trade
More informationHome Textiles. Trade Route & Competitive Forces in the European Market
Home Textiles Trade Route & Competitive Forces in the Market The nature of trade in home textiles is set to keep changing in the near future. The market is becoming increasingly globalised, resulting in
More informationData in digital trade debates: focus on RCEP negotiations. Anita Gurumurthy IT for Change October 2017
Data in digital trade debates: focus on RCEP negotiations Anita Gurumurthy IT for Change October 2017 What is the RCEP? FTA in the Asia-Pacific region, covering ASEAN plus six. (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia,
More informationdefense manufacturers
IFS Applications for defense manufacturers OUR SOLUTION S DNA When we first set out to create IFS Applications over 25 years ago, our goal was to make the most usable business solution on the market. And
More informationWorld Economic Forum -Navigating China's Regulatory Maze. TPM conference March
World Economic Forum -Navigating China's Regulatory Maze TPM conference March 2 2015 The World Economic Forum: Non-profit community of leaders from business, government and civil society Multi-stakeholder
More informationThe Role of ICT-Related Trade in Growth and Development and the Doha Development Agenda
FinICTssHawaii The Role of ICT-Related Trade in Growth and Development and the Doha Development Agenda Andrew L. Stoler Executive Director Institute for International Business, Economics and Law The University
More informationWhite paper. Four reasons why you need to consolidate your packages
White paper Four reasons why you need to consolidate your various ERP packages Four reasons why you need to consolidate your various ERP packages By Greg Romanello Senior Business Consultant IFS North
More informationAmCham Ho Chi Minh City
AmCham Ho Chi Minh City Mark Ketelaar Managing Director - DHL Exel Supply Chain Vietnam June 5, 2007 Delivering Excellence Together! List of Contents Deutsche Post World Net DHL Vietnam Outsourcing Logistics
More informationIndia s IT Industry in the 21 st Century: Vanguard of the Services Export Revolution
India s IT Industry in the 21 st Century: Vanguard of the Services Export Revolution ICRIER-KAS Seminar 14 June, 2012 Som Mittal President, NASSCOM NASSCOM: Driving thought leadership and collaboration
More informationOECD Information Technology Outlook 2008 Highlights
OECD Information Technology Outlook 28 Highlights The ICT industry has slowed with the world economic slowdown but growth continues in some markets and products The outlook for the ICT sector has weakened
More informationWORLD TRADE TRENDS FOR FISHERY PRODUCTS AND THE SHARE OF AFRICA by Dr Amadou TALL Director INFOPÊCHE
TOUR C, 19ème Etage, Cité Administrative, P.O. Box 1747, Abidjan 01, COTE D'IVOIRE Tel: (225) 20.22 89 80/20.21 31 98/20.21 57 75, Fax: (225) 20.21 80 54, E-Mail: tall@africaonline.co.ci WORLD TRADE TRENDS
More informationChairman s Statement 4. Executive Statement 6. Strategic Plan Overview 8. Executive Summary 10. Strategic Environment 11. QATC Value Statement 15
Chairman s Statement 4 Executive Statement 6 Strategic Plan Overview 8 Executive Summary 10 Strategic Environment 11 QATC Value Statement 15 Objectives 17 18 Objective One: Become a commercially sustainable
More informationManaging T&E Indirect Contracts in Asia Pacific. Issa Isaac Director, Global Service, Asia Pacific
Managing T&E Indirect Contracts in Asia Pacific Issa Isaac Director, Global Service, Asia Pacific Asia Pacific East vs. West Opinion A A B B Contacts Traveling Handling of Problems The Boss Pakistan China
More informationUnilever - CAGNY. Graeme Pitkethly / Richard Williams 22 nd February 2018
Unilever - CAGNY Graeme Pitkethly / Richard Williams 22 nd February 2018 Richard Williams SAFE HARBOUR STATEMENT This announcement contains forward-looking statements, including 'forward-looking statements'
More informationAnd thanks to the support of the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) to the work of the IFPSM and IPSHK!
Keynote Speech: The Status and Trends of Global Purchasing Development and the Development of the Belt and Road Speaker: Mr. He Liming President of International Federation of Purchasing and Supply Management
More informationAn Affiliate of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce
CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE ENTERPRISE Corporate Governance Framework Overview John D. Sullivan Executive Director, CIPE An Affiliate of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Issues to Cover What is corporate
More informationGrowth and Structural Transformation. Ejaz Ghani December 11, 2015 Presentation at National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Growth and Structural Transformation Ejaz Ghani December 11, 2015 Presentation at National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine An outline. Has the relationship between income and economic
More informationChina's Economic Ties with Southeast Asia
Vol. 7 No. 18 ISSN 2233-9140 China's Economic Ties with Southeast Asia OH Yoon Ah Research Fellow, Southeast Asia and Oceania Team, Department of Asia-Pacific (yaoh@kiep.go.kr) I. Introduction In the past
More informationEnabling Collective Action for Smallholder Market Access
Enabling Collective Action for Smallholder Market Access Discussions about poverty reduction inevitably include the need to increase small landholders ability to participate successfully in market exchanges.
More informationFOR INTERNAL PURPOSES ONLY INDIA MARKET REPORT GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES IN PACKAGING ( ) (NPeS7. lfvoma. ft PrintPromotion PRODUCED BY
FOR INTERNAL PURPOSES ONLY INDIA MARKET REPORT GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES IN PACKAGING (2011-2020) (NPeS7 lfvoma ft PrintPromotion -- PRODUCED BY Table of contents 7 13 23 40 49 56 63 107 115 137 143 Executive
More informationWhat we know (and don t know) about economic growth in New Zealand. Strategic Policy Branch
What we know (and don t know) about economic growth in New Zealand July 2016 Strategic Policy Branch Document purpose What we know (and don t know) about economic growth in New Zealand : Brings together
More information10695/15 GDLC/ld 1 DGB 1B
Council of the European Union Brussels, 8 July 2015 (OR. en) 10695/15 AGRI 384 AGRIFIN 64 AGRISTR 52 NOTE From: Presidency On: 8 July 2015 To: Council Subject: The Contribution of Agriculture to the EU
More informationUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 10th MULTI-YEAR EXPERT MEETING ON COMMODITIES AND DEVELOPMENT 25-26 April 2018, Geneva Value addition in renewable energy sector and its implications
More informationINVESTMENT STRATEGIES PORT / TERMINAL SECTOR
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES PORT / TERMINAL SECTOR JOHAN-PAUL VERSCHUURE TECHNICAL DIRECTOR, GLOBAL MARITIME TOC EUROPE, ROTTERDAM June 2018 INTRODUCTION What s happening? Oversupply and cascading, shaping of
More informationFORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
1 FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS Certain statements included in this presentation are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are made based
More informationFood and Grocery Retailing in France Market Summary & Forecasts
Food and Grocery Retailing in France Market Summary & Forecasts Comprehensive overview of the market, consumer, and competitive context, with retail sales value and forecasts to 2018 Report Code: RT0066SR
More informationEmergent Trilateralism in Developing Asia
Emergent Trilateralism in Developing Asia Long Term Scenarios for Regional Growth and Trade Douglas Brooks, ADB David Roland-Holst, UC Berkeley Fan Zhai,, ADB presented at the ADB Dissemination Seminar
More informationGRAINCORP LIMITED: GNC UBS Emerging Companies Conference Series: Food & Agribusiness
29 November 2016 The Manager Company Announcements Office ASX Limited 20 Bridge Street SYDNEY NSW 2000 GRAINCORP LIMITED: GNC UBS Emerging Companies Conference Series: Food & Agribusiness Please find attached
More informationGlobalization and urban environmental change in the Asia Pacific Region
UN DESA International workshop on Global urbanization, internal migration, population distribution and development 21-23 January 2008 Globalization and urban environmental change in the Asia Pacific Region
More informationBT views on the future of Trade and a Digital Trade Policy
BT views on the future of Trade and a Digital Trade Policy August 2017 Trade policy is important to BT: Outside of the UK, BT provides electronic communications services and ICT solutions to mid-sized/large
More informationDISRUPTIVE OPPORTUNITIES
CHALLENGING TIMES, DISRUPTIVE OPPORTUNITIES The Indian logistics industry is rife with fragmentation, inefficiencies and hence, the opportunities for disruption. Inferior management practices, a high level
More informationPolicy Briefing Paper: Australian Food Systems
12 17 February 2015 Policy Briefing Paper: Australian Food Systems Tess Marslen Research Analyst Global Food and Water Crisis Research Programme Key Recommendations To meet rising food demand Australian
More informationSubject: Feedback on the discussion paper by DIPP Indian E-commerce industry
To Shri. Ishtiyaque Ahmed Director, Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion Ministry of Commerce & Industry Udyog Bhawan, New Delhi. Date: January 28, 2014 Subject: Feedback on the discussion paper
More informationCountry Paper: Coherent Approach to Trade and Regulation of Services: Lessons from India
Country Paper: Coherent Approach to Trade and Regulation of Services: Lessons from India Pralok GUPTA Assistant Professor Centre for WTO Studies Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi COHERENT APPROACH
More informationCompetition Policy Enforcement in the Retailing Industry. Valérie Meunier Autorité de la concurrence
Competition Policy Enforcement in the Retailing Industry Valérie Meunier Autorité de la concurrence Outline I. Groceries sector II. Specialised and selective distribution networks III.E-commerce 2 I. Groceries
More information1. An appropriate strategy to achieve timely, accurate, paperless information flow is:
1. An appropriate strategy to achieve timely, accurate, paperless information flow is: a. revision of organisation processes supported by information systems b. efficient store assortments c. efficient
More informationThe group s core growth strategy is to gain integrated access to national distribution footprints. Mark and Brett Levy Joint CEOs
The group s core growth strategy is to gain integrated access to national distribution footprints Mark and Brett Levy Joint CEOs 27 We are pleased to be reporting on Blue Label Telecoms maiden financial
More informationFinancial Results Meeting: FY Ended March 2013
Financial Results Meeting: FY Ended March 2013 (April 1, 2012 - March 31, 2013) May 10, 2013 Kintetsu World Express, Inc. 0 Contents Summary of Business Results for FY ended March 31, 2013, and Forecast
More informationELECTRONIC SECURITY SYSTEMS IN INDIA JUNE A report by IndiQuest Research Servic All Right Reserved, 20
ELECTRONIC SECURITY SYSTEMS IN INDIA JUNE 2007 A report by IndiQuest Research Servic All Right Reserved, 20 Executive Summary Electronic security pertains to leveraging technology in safeguarding assets
More informationExpanding digital protectionism & Impact on business
Expanding digital protectionism & Impact on business hosuk.lee-makiyama@ecipe.org @leemakiyama Ecipe (European Centre for International Political Economy) 1 Digitalisation enabling international trade»
More informationMultinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Second Edition
Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Second Edition John H. Dunning Emeritus Esmee Fairbairn Professor of International Investment and Business Studies, University of Reading, UK and Emeritus
More informationExport Diversification and Global Value Chains, based on OECD Business for Development 2007
TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD COMMISSSION ON ENTERPRISE, BUSINESS FACILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT Expert Meeting on "ENHANCING THE PARTICIPATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM- SIZED ENTERPRISES IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS"
More informationMarketing: integrating the retailing effort. (McGoldrick 2000)
Retail Marketing Introduction and overview Today s shoppers want the total customer experience: superior solutions to their needs, respect, an emotional connection, fair prices and convenience. Offering
More informationPolicies that encourage innovation in middle-income countries
December 2012 Policies that encourage innovation in middle-income countries The International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) asked Charles River Associates (CRA) to
More informationCapitalizing on the high growth markets opportunity. January,
Capitalizing on the high growth markets opportunity January, 28 2015 CAPITALIZING ON THE HGMs OPPORTUNITY Why HGMs? (1/2) In 2030 more than 50% of the population in Asia will belong to the middle class
More informationTopic: Globalisation Analysing the External Environment Economic Change SAMPLE
Topic: Globalisation 3.7.5 Analysing the External Environment Economic Change What You Need to Know Reasons for greater globalisation of business The importance of globalisation for business What is Globalisation?
More informationThreats and Opportunities for the Dutch Agribusiness Dr. Siemen van Berkum LEI, Wageningen UR
Paper contribution to the EBN seminar Competitiveness of Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe over the next 25 Years. Likely consequences for the Dutch agribusiness The Hague, 26 May 2005 Threats
More informationA data portrait of smallholder farmers
A data portrait of smallholder farmers An introduction to a dataset on small-scale agriculture The Smallholder Farmers Dataportrait is a comprehensive, systematic and standardized data set on the profile
More informationRETAILER INTERNATIONALISATION
RETAILER INTERNATIONALISATION CONSEQUENCES ON BUSINESS STRATEGY AND UP-STREAM CHAIN LOGISTICS IN THE ORGANIC SEGMENT BY Dr. Paul Rye Kledal Slide 1 Presentation agenda - Globalorg project - Retail globalization:
More informationTRI*M Conference 2010
Conference 2010 Conference 2010 The Centric Organisation A Prerequisite for the Future of Stakeholder Management Retaining customers through new ideas Knowledge Fair Corporate Reputation Management: Challenges
More informationEconomic effects of e-commerce
40 Economic effects of e-commerce Frans Suijker* Abstract Although still in its infancy, electronic commerce (e-commerce) may have large economic effects in the future. E-commerce can improve the transparency
More information