Practice exam for midterm 1, summer Chapters 1-7

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1 Practice exam for midterm 1, summer Chapters 1-7 To answer the next 4 questions, suppose there is a small island economy with 20 Hawkeyes and 30 Buckeyes. Each Hawkeye is capable of producing either 10 bushels of berries or 5 fish in a given day. Each Buckeye can produce either 9 bushels of berries or 3 fish in a given day. Both Hawkeyes and Buckeyes can also split their time across activities to produce a mix of berries or fish in a given day. 1) The absolute advantage in fish is held by the and the absolute advantage in berries is held by the. a. Hawkeye; Buckeye b. Hawkeye; Hawkeye c. Buckeye; Buckeye d. Buckeye; Hawkeye 2) The comparative advantage in fish is held by the and the comparative advantage in berries is held by the. a. Hawkeye; Buckeye b. Hawkeye; Hawkeye c. Buckeye; Buckeye d. Buckeye; Hawkeye. 3) If the economy is organized efficiently and produces 100 fish per day, what is the maximum amount of berries it can produce in a day? a. 150 bushels b. 270 bushels c. 390 bushels d. none of the above 4. If the economy is organized efficiently and produces 100 fish per day, the opportunity cost of an additional fish would be: a. 2 bushels of berries b. 3 bushels of berries c..5 bushels of berries d. 1/3 bushels of berries.

2 Page 2 berries fish 5) Which of the following would cause the PPF to shift outward as illustrated in the diagram above? a. discovery of a better way to catch fish. b. discovery of a better way to gather berries c. more workers. d. all of the above. 6) If an economy is producing on its PPF, we know that: a. it has achieved productive efficiency b. it is impossible to produce more of one good without reducing production of another good c. resources must be allocated according to their comparative advantage d. all of the above

3 Page 3 7) If an economy has achieved allocative efficiency, a. the marginal cost of each good must equal its marginal benefit b. it must be impossible to produce more of one good without giving up something that consumers value more highly c. it must be impossible to increase the sum of consumer and producer surplus d. all of the above 8) Suppose that brand X is an inferior good. This means that if people s income fall, the equilibrium price of brand X should and the equilibrium quantity should. a. rise; rise b. rise; fall c. fall; rise d; fall; fall 9) As discussed in class, the U.S. has recently imposed tariffs on the import of steel that was used for the pipes used in fracking for oil. This would cause the equilibrium price of oil in the U.S. to and the equilibrium quantity to. a. rise; rise b. rise; fall c. fall; fall d. fall rise 10) When ethanol is produced from corn, a byproduct called distillers grain is created that can be fed to cattle. As a result, an increase in the demand for ethanol will cause the equilibrium price of distiller s grain to and the equilibrium quantity to. a. rise; rise b. rise; fall c. fall; fall d. fall; rise 11) Suppose that over the next year the equilibrium price of gasoline rises but the equilibrium quantity falls. These two simultaneous events could be explained by: a. an increase in consumer income if gas is a normal good. b. higher priced ethanol which is a substitute in consumption for gas c. an increase in the cost of oil which is an input in the production of gasoline. d. none of the above. 12) If there is a surprise news release today indicating that the grape harvest several months from now will yield far more grapes than previously anticipated, this would: a. not affect grape prices until after the harvest b. increase grape prices today as supply decreases and demand increases c. decrease grape prices today as supply increases but demand is unchanged d. decrease grape prices today as supply increases and demand decreases

4 Page 4 13) Suppose that a golf course raises its price 10% and finds that its total revenue from golfers rises 2%. Based on this information, we can conclude that the price elasticity of demand at the golf course is a. 8 b. 0.8 c. 2 d. 0.2 e. none of the above 14) If a firm raises its price, total revenue will: a. always rises. b. rise only if demand is inelastic. c. rise only if demand is elastic. d. rise only if demand is unit elastic. 15) If a firm faces inelastic demand, a. it would increase profits by raising price b. it would increase profits by cutting price c. it is impossible to say whether profits would rise or fall if it cut price without more information

5 Page 5 16) The cross-price elasticity between hybrid cars and gasoline is likely to be and the cross-price elasticity between SUVS (low gas mileage) and gasoline is likely to be. a. positive; zero b. positive; negative c. negative; positive d. negative; zero. 17) The supply of a good tends to be more inelastic: a. if it is costly to store b. the supply of inputs used to produce the goods is elastic c. the time period for adjusting to price changes is longer d. all of the above. 18) As supply becomes more inelastic, the effect of an increase in demand will be a (smaller, larger) increase in equilibrium price and a (smaller, larger) increase in equilibrium quantity. a. smaller; smaller b. smaller; larger c. larger; larger d. larger; smaller

6 Page 6 To answer the next 3 questions, refer to the diagram below describing the competitive market for turkey. 19. The price elasticity of demand for turkey between a price of $1.50 and $2.00 is a. 2 b. 1 c. 0.5 d. none of the above 20. The demand for turkey is a. inelastic for all prices below $1.50 b. elastic for all prices below $1.00 c. inelastic for all prices between 0 and $3.50 d. none of the above. 21. At the equilibrium price and quantity for turkey, consumers surplus (in millions of $) is and producers surplus (in millions of $) is. a. 300; 300 b. 300; 240 c. 240; 300 d. none of the above.

7 Page 7 To answer the next 4 questions, refer to the diagram below describing the market for gadgets SMC PMC 60 SMB=PMB # of gadgets produced l monthly 22) Based on the diagram above, there must be a (positive, negative) externality of for each gadget produced. a. positive; $20 b. positive; $10 c. negative $10 d. negative $20 23) Based on the diagram above, market equilibrium would generate (more, less) than the socially efficient amount to be produced and a deadweight loss of. a. more; $500 b. less; $500 c. less; $250 d. more; $250 24) Based on the diagram above, the market could be moved to the allocatively efficient outcome with a (subsidy, tax) of. a. subsidy; $10 b. subsidy; $20 c. tax; $10 d. tax; $20 25) If production of gadgets was increased from 50 to 75, the benefits of the extra gadgets to society would be and the cost of the extra gadgets to society would be. a. $2125; $2375 b. $2125; $1875 c. $1975; $1875; d. $none of the above

8 Page 8 26) When a company installs a security camera to monitor activity outside of their building, crime is reduced for the company and neighboring buildings. As a result, installation of security cameras creates a externality and a competitive market for security cameras would result in (more, less_) than the efficient number of security cameras being installed. a. positive; more b. positive; less c. negative; more d. negative; less To answer the next 3 questions, consider the competitive market for rental apartments in a city named Alton described in the diagram below. Suppose there are no positive or negative externalities associated with the production or consumption of rental housing and the government imposes a rent ceiling at $500 per apartment. 27) This price ceiling will result in: a. a shortage of 2,000 apartments per month. b. a surplus of 1,000 apartments per month c. a surplus of 2,000 apartments per month d. neither a shortage nor a surplus since the ceiling won t be binding. 28) Compared to the equilibrium price and assuming no search costs, with the $500 rent ceiling consumers would be a. better off by $350,000 b. better off by $500,000 c. worse off by $125,000 d. none of the above

9 Page 9 29) Compared to the equilibrium price and assuming no search costs, with the $500 rent ceiling landlords would be a. worse off by $500,000 b. worse off by $325,000 c. worse off by $625,000 d. none of the above Suppose that Cincinnati government imposes a per night tax of $10 on hotel owners for each occupied hotel room. To answer the questions below, assume that the market for hotel rooms in Cincinnati before the tax is imposed is described in the diagram below. Price per ticket (in $) S D 85 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 l rooms per day To examine the effect of the $10 tax, you should draw the new supply and/or demand curves on top of the diagram above. Be careful to account for the fact that the tax is $10 when determining where to draw the new curve. 30) How much tax revenue should the Cincinnati government.expect daily from the $10 hotel tax? a. $2,000 b. $20,000 c. $30,000 d. none of the above. 31) If the hotel tax is imposed, each day consumers would be worse off by and hotel owners would be worse off by. a. $12,500; $12,500 b. $10,000; $12,500 c. $12,500; $10,000 d. $10,000; $10,000

10 Page 10 32) The daily excess burden of the $10 hotel tax would be a. $2500 b. $5000 c. $7500 d. none of the above 33) If the bridges between Cincinnati and Covington are improved and visitors can move more easily between the two cities, we would expect that the consumer share of the hotel tax in Cincinnati would (rise, fall) because hotel demand in Cincinnati would become more (elastic, inelastic). a. rise; inelastic b. rise; elastic c. fall; inelastic d. fall; elastic; 34) The tax revenue generated from the hotel tax would be greater if demand was more or if supply was more -. a. elastic; elastic b. elastic; inelastic c. inelastic; inelastic d. inelastic; elastic 35) The excess burden (i.e. deadweight loss) from the hotel tax would be greater if demand was more or supply was more. a. elastic; elastic b. elastic; inelastic c. inelastic; elastic d. inelastic; inelastic 36) Numerous cities limit the number of taxi cabs available in the city below what the private market would provide. The effect of such a quota on taxicabs is to: a. increase the price of cab rides b. makes consumers worse off c. potentially makes cab drivers better off, but they might be worse off d. all of the above 37) If a city increases the cab quota by 10% but it is still below what the market would provide, we would expect the decrease in the price of cab rides to be larger if: a. demand is more inelastic b. demand is more elastic c. supply is more elastic d. both b and c

11 Page 11 38) Suppose that a city decides to subsidize bus rides for its citizens. Assuming no externalities from bus rides, the effect of the subsidy would be to: a. increase consumer s surplus for bus riders b. increase producer s surplus for bus companies c. increase taxpayer costs more than consumers and producers surplus rises d. all of the above. 39) The United States has a comparative advantage in producing airplanes if A) it has a larger quantity of skilled workers than do other nations. B) it can produce a larger quantity than can other nations. C) it can produce them at a lower dollar cost than can other nations. D) it can produce them at a lower opportunity cost than can other nations. 40) Prior to international trade, the price of good X is lower in country A than in country B. This means that we know that A) country A has a comparative advantage in the production of product X. B) country B has an absolute advantage in the production of product X. C) country A has an absolute advantage in the production of product X. D) country B has a comparative advantage in the production of product X. 41) A country specializes in the production of goods for which it has a comparative advantage, so A) some producers and consumers win, some lose, but overall the gains exceed the losses. B) producers win, consumers lose, but overall the gains exceed the losses. C) all producers win. D) all consumers win.

12 Page 12 The figure shows the market for shirts in the United States, where D is the domestic demand curve and S is the domestic supply curve. The world price is $20 per shirt. 42) In the figure above, with international trade American consumers buy million shirts per year. A) 16 B) 24 C) 32 D) 48 43) Tariffs and import quotas both result in A) higher levels of domestic consumption. B) the domestic government gaining revenue. C) lower levels of domestic production. D) lower levels of imports. 44) An import quota on sugar A) increases the demand for sugar and raises its price. B) increases the imports of sugar and lowers its price. C) increases the imports of sugar and raises its price. D) decreases the imports of sugar and raises its price. 45) Who benefits from a tariff on a good? A) Domestic producers of the good B) Foreign producers of the good C) Domestic consumers of the good D) Foreign governments 46) When the United States imposes an import quota on a good, the amount of the in U.S. consumer surplus is the amount of the in U.S. producer surplus. A) decrease; equal to; increase B) increase; smaller than; increase C) decrease; larger than; increase D) decrease; larger than; decrease 47) Import quotas the price of imported goods and the quantity consumed in the nation imposing the quota. A) raise; increase B) raise; decrease C) lower; decrease D) lower; increase 48) A key difference between tariffs and quotas is that A) the government receives revenue with quotas, but the importer receives added profit with tariffs. B) consumers are hurt with quotas but not with tariffs. C) the government receives revenue with tariffs, but the importer receives added profit with quotas. D) consumers are hurt with tariffs but not with quotas. 49) If the United States imposes a tariff on imported cars, the A) U.S. demand curve shifts leftward. B) U.S. supply curve shifts rightward. C) U.S. demand curve shifts rightward. D) the price in the United States rises but neither the U.S. demand curve nor the U.S. supply curve shift. 50) A tariff on imported peanuts the quantity of peanuts imported and the domestic price of peanuts. A) increases; lowers B) decreases; decreases C) decreases; increases D) does not change; increases

13 Page 13 The figure shows the market for shirts in the United States, where D is the U.S demand curve and S is the U.S. supply curve. The world price is $20 per shirt. The United States imposes a tariff on imported shirts, $4 per shirt. 51) In the figure above, with the tariff American consumers million shirts per year. A) 32 B) 40 C) 16 D) 48 52) In the figure above, with the tariff the United States imports million shirts per year. A) 16 B) 32 C) 24 D) 8 53) In the figure above, the tariff U.S. imports of shirts by million shirts per year. A) decreases; 16 B) increases; 8 C) increases; 4 D) decreases; 8 54) In the figure above, the tariff the domestic production of shirts in the United States by per year. A) increases; 8 million B) increases; 4 million C) decreases; 8 million D) decreases; 16 million 55) In the figure above, the U.S. government's revenue from the tariff is. A) $64 million B) $128 million C) $32 million D) $48 million 56) In the figure above, U.S. consumers' from the tariff is. A) loss; $80 million B) loss; $176 million C) gain; $128 million D) gain; $64 million 57) In the figure above, U.S. producers' from the tariff is. A) gain; $128 million B) loss; $64 million C) loss; $32 million D) gain; $80 million

14 Page 14 58) In the figure above, the deadweight loss from the tariff is. A) $80 million B) zero C) $16 million D) $32 million The figure shows the market for shirts in the United States, where D is the domestic demand curve and S is the domestic supply curve. The world price is $20 per shirt. 59) In the figure above, with international trade million shirts per year are produced in the United States. A) 32 B) 16 C) 20 D) 48 60) In the figure above, with international trade the United States million shirts per year. A) exports 16 B) imports 32 C) exports 32 D) imports 48 61) In the figure above, international trade consumer surplus in the United States by. A) decreases; $192 million B) decreases; $320 million C) increases; $192 million D) increases; $320 million 62) In the figure above, international trade producer surplus in the United States by. A) decreases; $192 million B) decreases; $320 million C) increases; $320 million D) increases; $192 million 63) In the figure above, international trade total surplus in the United States by. A) decreases; $256 million B) increases; $320 million C) decreases; $192 million D) increases; $128 million

15 Page 15 64) Suppose sugar is exported from a nation. In the sugar market who does NOT benefit from the exports? A) domestic producers B) workers in the industry C) domestic consumers D) foreign consumers 65) A country opens up to trade and becomes an importer of a sugar. In the sugar market, consumer surplus will, producer surplus will, and total surplus will. A) increase; decrease; decrease B) increase; decrease; increase C) decrease ; increase; increase D) decrease; decrease; decrease

16 Page 16 ANSWER KEY 1 B 33 D 2 A 34 C 3 B 35 A 4 B 36 D 5 C 37 A 6 D 38 D 7 D 39 D 8 A 40 A 9 B 41 A 10 D 42 D 11 C 43 D 12 D 44 D 13 B 45 A 14 B 46 C 15 A 47 B 16 B 48 C 17 A 49 D 18 D 50 C 19 B 51 B 20 A 52 A 21 D 53 A 22 D 54 A 23 D 55 A 24 D 56 B 25 A 57 D 26 B 58 D 27 A 59 B 28 D 60 B 29 C 61 D 30 B 62 A 31 A 63 D 32 B 64 C 65 B