Chapter. Research: Developing New Food Products. Images shutterstock.com

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2 24 Chapter Research: Developing New Food Products Images shutterstock.com

3 Objectives Objectives Contrast descriptive research and analytical research. List the steps in developing food science experiments. Identify and describe the steps involved in developing a new food product.

4 New Food Products Developing new food products is an ongoing venture in the food industry Today, most grocery stores stock over 12,000 different products Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com

5 Research in the Food Industry Research is an organized method of examining a question, issue, or theory to improve understanding The goal is to apply new knowledge in ways that can help society Food industry research is based on the scientific method, but steps are not always followed in sequence

6 Research in the Food Industry Good research is replicable Other scientists are able to follow the written record to repeat the procedure and achieve similar results It requires careful, detailed records of procedure and results Results are reported so others can use and apply the knowledge gained

7 Research in the Food Industry Descriptive research uses observations, surveys, and interviews to collect data Food scientists use descriptive research to study trends in food consumption assess consumer opinions about existing food products and new variations find out what new types of products are likely to interest consumers

8 Research in the Food Industry Analytical research determines cause and effect through observation and testing This type of research involves exact measurements of mass, volume, time, length, and chemical makeup leads to the development of new theories is used to test hypotheses and determine why reactions occur as they do

9 Research in the Food Industry Descriptive research is used to reveal trends Results are used to set up analytical research on potential new food products Descriptive research is used again to determine consumer opinion of the new product

10 Applying Professional Ethics Food scientists have a responsibility to act with integrity by following a code of ethics in the workplace Unethical behavior can include concealing relevant data that contradicts a hypothesis revising or creating false data failing to inform subjects of potential risks keeping sloppy records

11 Developing Food Science Experiments Stating the problem First step in developing an experiment is to determine what needs to be addressed Forming a hypothesis or research question This is an educated guess about how or why something happens Brainstorming sessions are used in this step to exchange ideas and narrow a hypothesis

12 Developing Food Science Experiments Gathering information This involves examining as much as possible about the problem from information that already exists Designing the experiment procedure Once information is studied and the research question is refined, a detailed test procedure is designed with all variables controlled

13 Developing Food Science Experiments Collecting data The researcher determines the type of data to collect, how to record it, and how to analyze it Analyzing and interpreting data Questions written before starting the procedure help guide the analysis Sharing results Results are shared within the company, at professional meetings, and in research journals

14 Developing a New Food Product Consumers desire more food choices and new taste experiences, so companies are motivated to develop successful new products Janet Ward

15 Developing a New Food Product Identify the problem or need The focus may be a new product, a new variation of an existing product, or a product with a different nutritional profile Identify the target consumer group Researchers work with marketing analysts to identify the consumers for which the new product presents the most appeal

16 Developing a New Food Product Conduct research Researchers examine chemical and physical properties of ingredients and their likely effects on the final product and the production and packaging steps Alexander Raths/Shutterstock.com

17 Developing a New Food Product Develop the product The experimental procedure is designed and trial batches prepared Each trial batch is evaluated for flavor, color, texture, nutritional value, and shelf life Accurate records of each trial are analyzed Changes for improving the next set of trials are determined

18 Developing a New Food Product Pilot manufacture the product A simulated test run to produce and package the final formulation is conducted Engineers determine the production steps, massproduction and packaging equipment, and materials needed, and estimate costs Consumer taste test panels are conducted on the resulting product and responses are analyzed

19 Developing a New Food Product Receive management approval Before a product is produced on a regional or national scale, management must approve the overall plan A full report is submitted, outlining all the research details to support the recommendation that the company should produce the product and it will be profitable

20 Developing a New Food Product Mass-produce the product A test market is chosen and the product is manufactured and advertised in the test region Research is conducted to decide whether additional production facilities are needed Market and advertise the product Well-designed communications inform the target market about the new product

21 Recap Food scientists are involved in many different types of research including analytical and descriptive research Good research must be replicable so others can repeat the steps and achieve similar results. Food scientists must be ethical because their work affects public safety

22 Recap Food science experiments involve stating the problem forming a hypothesis or research question gathering information designing the experiment procedure collecting data analyzing and interpreting data sharing results

23 Recap Developing a new food product follows many of the steps of developing a food science experiment except the target consumer market and its needs are key considerations the goal of the company must be to eventually make a profit