slide to unlock LCA methodology Tuesday November 5 th Rob Sianchuk, M.A.Sc. Director Business Development Coldstream Consulting Ltd

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1 Tuesday November 5 th LCA methodology Rob Sianchuk, M.A.Sc. Director Business Development Coldstream Consulting Ltd rob.sianchuk@coldstreamconsulting.com slide to unlock

2 LCA methodology Rob Sianchuk, M.A.Sc. Director Business Development Coldstream Consulting Ltd 2

3 Goal & Scope State the; Intended application Reasons for carrying out the study Intended audience Intended for comparative assertions All information related to modeling that is to be carried out, specifically the; Functions and functional unit Product system and system boundaries Allocation procedures 3 (ISO 14044:2006)

4 Life Cycle Assessment Guiding ISO Standards ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework ISO14044:2006; Environmental management Life cycle assessment- Requirements and guidelines 4

5 ISO LCA Methodological Framework Defining and planning the study to be carried out on the system in question. Measuring physical inputs and outputs from the system in question. Assigning an environmental significance to inputs and outputs from the system in question. Goal and Scope definition Inventory analysis Impact assessment Interpretation Was the study completed in accordance with international standards? Is the study consistent to the defined system and study plan? 5 ( ISO 14040:2006)

6 ISO LCA Methodological Framework Defining and planning the study to be carried out on the system in question. Goal and Scope definition Inventory analysis Interpretation Impact assessment 6 ( ISO 14040:2006)

7 UNEP/SETAC Sustainability Framework Goal Scope 7

8 Goal & Scope State the; Intended application Reasons for carrying out the study Intended audience Intended for comparative assertions All information related to modeling that is to be carried out, specifically the; Functions and functional unit Product system and system boundaries Allocation procedures Impact categories selected and methodology of impact assessment Value choices and optional elements Interpretation to be used Data requirements Assumptions Limitations Data quality requirements Type of critical review, if any Type and format of the report required for the study 8 (ISO 14044:2006)

9 Goal & Scope State the; Intended application Reasons for carrying out the study Intended audience Intended for comparative assertions All information related to modeling that is to be carried out, specifically the; Functions and functional unit Product system and system boundaries Allocation procedures 9 (ISO 14044:2006)

10 Goal Intended Application Where will you put the information from this LCA study to use? Examples Support product development Strategic planning Marketing Policy making 10

11 Goal Reasons for carrying out the study Describe objectives and motivations that provide context to the need for the study Examples Pressure from regional regulations Meet industry standards Company culture 11

12 Goal Intended audience Identify groups you are preparing the study to be understood and used by Consideration in details and communication documents Investors Examples of potential audiences of an LCA study; Product developers, Management, Customers, and Consumers Researchers 12

13 Goal Intended for comparative assertions Do you want to make environmental claims regarding competing products that serve the same functions? If so, Research what has been done check to see if the product(s) you plan on studying have pre-existing product category rules (PCRs) 13

14 Goal & Scope State the; Intended application Reasons for carrying out the study Intended audience Intended for comparative assertions All information related to modeling that is to be carried out, specifically the; Functions and functional unit Product system and system boundaries Allocation procedures 14 (ISO 14044:2006)

15 UNEP/SETAC Sustainability Framework Goal Scope 15

16 Life Cycle Approaches Inventory Analysis Impact Assessment Resources Air Energy Water Land kg CO2 eq kg CFC-11 eq kg SO2 eq Investment Costs NPV CAD$ kg PM10 eq kg N eq kg O3 eq 16

17 Scope Functions and Functional unit What performance characteristics (function) do you want to assess? What, how much, and how long is the function provided Examples Hand dryer LCA study per 260,000 pairs of hands dried Milk Production LCA study per 1000kg of energy corrected milk leaving farm gate Transportation vehicle LCA study per tonne*km travelled in a year per tonne*km travelled in vehicle lifetime Wall Structure per m2 of wall constructed to building code with 60 year service 17 life

18 Scope Product system and system boundaries Draw a process flow diagram of unit processes Focus on what is required to meet functional unit How far upstream and downstream are you considering? Cradle-to-gate? Cradle-to-grave? Product/co-products Resources Energy Process Air Water Land 18

19 Raw Material Supply Process Flow Diagram Harvesting trees (m 3 ) roundwood (m 3 ) Manufacturing Sawmill boards (m 3 ) Assembly Crane wall structure (m 2 ) Maintenance Partial Demo/Const wall structure (m 2 ) Deconstruction/Demolition Crane w Wrecking Ball low quality lumber (tonnes) Recycling/Reuse/Disposal???????? System Boundary 19

20 Process Flow Diagram natural stone (tonnes) Raw Material Supply Quarrying aggregate (tonnes) Manufacturing Crushing, Kilning, Mixing concrete mix (m 3 ) Assembly Pump Truck wall structure (m 2 ) Maintenance Partial Demo/Const wall structure (m 2 ) Deconstruction/Demolition Crane w Wrecking Ball coarse aggregate (tonnes) Recycling/Reuse/Disposal???????? System Boundary 20

21 Scope Allocation procedures How to divide flows when they are shared by processes. Three allocation scenarios to be aware of; 1. A process outputs multiple products Co-products 2. A waste treatment process has multiple inputs Waste 3. Open loop recycling Resource Product Waste Product Waste Product Waste 21

22 Scope Allocation procedures How to divide flows when they are shared by processes. Three allocation scenarios to be aware of; 1. A process outputs multiple products Allocation Procedure Product Mass Economic Lumber 50% 80% Chips 30% 15% Bark 20% 5% Co-products Lumber Chips Bark Production of lumber would look a look almost twice as good if mass allocation were used instead of economic. 22

23 Goal & Scope State the; Intended application Reasons for carrying out the study Intended audience Intended for comparative assertions All information related to modeling that is to be carried out, specifically the; Functions and functional unit Product system and system boundaries Allocation procedures 23 (ISO 14044:2006)