COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS OF FRESH AND SMOKED FISH MARKETING IN SOME LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA.

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1 COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS OF FRESH AND SMOKED FISH MARKETING IN SOME LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA. ONYIA, L.U., ADEBAYO, E.F., ADEWUYI, K.O., EKWUNIFE, E.G., OCHOKWU,I.J,

2 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS

3 INTRODUCTION ü FISH IS A MAJOR SOURCE OF ANIMAL PROTEIN, ü ESSENTIAL FOOD ITEM IN THE DIET OF NIGERIANS (JIM-SAIKI AND OGUNBADEJO, 2003), ü AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF LIFE AND LIVELIHOODS FOR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD AND FOR THAT MATTER THE SELECTED COMMUNITIES, ü PROVIDES A SPENDABLE INCOME FOR MANY FAMILIES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD (JERE AND MWENDO-PEHIRI, 2004).

4 INTRODUCTION CONTINUED v IN NIGERIA, FISH IS SOLD TO CONSUMERS AS: ü FROZEN OR ICED, ü CURED (SMOKED), ü SUN DRIED, ü FRESH EITHER FROM A CULTURED POND OR FROM THE WILD.

5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY TO IDENTIFY SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FISH MARKETERS TO COMPARE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF FRESH AND SMOKED FISH ENTERPRISES IN THE STUDY AREAS.

6 MATERIALS AND METHODS THE STUDY AREA ü SEVEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF ADAMAWA STATE (NGURORE, YOLA SOUTH, YOLA NORTH, GIREI, DEMSA, FUFORE AND NUMAN) WERE RANDOMLY SELECTED BASED ON THEIR PROXIMITY TO THE FISH LANDING SITES, ü DATA COLLECTED THROUGH WELL-STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE OF FRESH AND SMOKED FISH MARKETERS FROM 7 MARKETS, ü 286 QUESTIONNAIRES WERE RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE FISH MARKETERS.

7 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS IN TERMS OF FREQUENCIES AND PERCENTAGES GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE COST AND RETURNS TO FISH MARKETING.

8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS Fresh Fish Marketers Smoked Fish Marketers Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Gender Male Female Total Age groups > Total Marital status Single Married Seperated Divorced Widowed Total

10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS CONT D SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS Fresh Fish Marketers Smoked Fish Marketers Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Level of education Non formal Primary Secondary Post secondary Total Nature of business Full time Part time Total

11 % TILAPIA CLARIAS SNAKE HEAD MACKEREL HETEROTIS SARDINES OTHERS Types of fish Fresh fish Smoked fish TYPES OF FRESH AND SMOKED FISH

12 % Personal savings Friends/relatves Banks Daily contribution Coorperatives Money lenders others Sources of capital Fresh Fish Smoked Fish SOURCES OF CAPITAL IN FRESH AND SMOKED FISH MARKETING

13 Low Demand Moderate High Very high % Smoked Fish Fresh Fish LEVEL OF DEMAND FOR FISH

14 TABLE 5: FACTORS LIMITING BUSINESS OPERATION OF RESPONDENTS Fresh Fish Smoked Fish Variables frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Inadequate fish supply Finance Inadequate demand Lack of comfortable space to sale Others Total

15 THE GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS q DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TOTAL VALUES OF PRODUCTION (GROSS INCOME) AND THE TOTAL VALUABLE COSTS (ADEGEYE AND DITTOH, 1985). q USEFUL AS PLANNING TOOL IN SITUATIONS WHERE FIXED CAPITAL IS A NEGLIGIBLE PORTION OF AN ENTERPRISE (OLUKOSI AND ERHABOR, 1988). q HELPS THE MANAGER TO CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIABLE COST COMPONENTS AND q USED TO STUDY THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ENTERPRISE, THAT IS, THE POSITIVE COMPONENTS OF A FIRM TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT THE BUSINESS STRENGTH OR WEAKNESS (BUCKET, 1988).

16 FACTORS ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE BUSINESS Fresh Fish Marketing Smoked Fish Marketing Total Gross Income 26,181, , 705, 050 Total Variable Cost (TVC) 22,203, , 004, 855 Gross Margin 3, 977, 550 4, 700, 194 Return to variable cost Total number of respondents

17 CONCLUSION q FRESH AND SMOKED FISH MARKETING WERE PROFITABLE, THOUGH FRESH FISH MARKETING HAD BETTER PROFIT MARGIN. q PROCESSING OF FISH HAD ADDED COST q MAJORITY WERE WOMEN WITH LITTLE OR NO EDUCATION. q FISH MARKETING IS A USEFUL MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD FOR THE UNEMPLOYED

18 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD ASSIST THE PROCESSORS WITH IMPROVED SMOKING KILNS TO ENHANCED THEIR PRODUCTIVITY LEADING REDUCTION IN PROCESSING COST, CAPACITY OF THE WOMEN SHOULD BE DEVELOPED THROUGH TRAINING, WORKSHOP ETC. THEY SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO FORM COOPERATIVE SOCIETY TO ACCESS SOFT LOANS FROM THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROVIDE COMFORTABLE SPACE WHERE THEY WILL MARKET THEIR PRODUCTS

19 THANKS FOR LISTENING