CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD. means that research method is very important in guide the researcher reach the

Transcription

1 17 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD The purposes of the research can be reached by using research method. It means that research method is very important in guide the researcher reach the purposes. In this chapter, the researcher has five sub chapters. They are research design, technique of data collection, population and sample, technique of data analysis and technique of data presentation. A. Research Design This research was descriptive research. Descriptive research is a research with view of collects information and describes about variable phenomenon (Ari Kunto (2005:234)). So, the purpose of the research is describing the phenomenon that appears on the research. The aims of the research are to identifying, describing and classifying person deixis and participants and how are person deixis used represent participants of Telkomsel and Indosat advertisements. Moreover, this research was a field research because the method of collecting data uses observation non participative method. B. Technique of Data Collection Technique of data collection is the technique of how the researcher collects the data that would be analyzed. Sukandarrumidi (2 004: ) states

2 18 there are some techniques of collecting data namely questionnaire, interview, observation, and documentation. According to (Nasution, 2004: 106), observation was used to observe and non participative means the researcher was not part of the object of research. Then, the steps of collecting the data were downloading the data from YouTube then identifying the data. The data of this research are advertisement of Telkomsel and Indosat that find in YouTube which are published on January 2013 until January The researcher chooses Telkomsel and Indosat because those are the two biggest cellular operators in Indonesia. As mention in Telkomsel and Indosat are the biggest cellular operator in Indonesia. It can be seen in the table below:

3 19 Both of the two biggest cellular operators have products which have different segmentation of consumers. It makes the researcher assumes that there are many person deixis used that will be found. C. Population and Sample 1. Population Population is all objects of the study that may consist of real objects, abstract objects, events or phenomena (Sukandarrumidi, 2004:47). So, population is all of the objects that appear in the source. In this research, the population was all of the advertisements of Telkomsel and Indosat that published in YouTube from January 2013 to January The data were verbal and non verbal data. Verbal data used to analyze person deixis while non verbal data used to analyze characteristic of participants like age, socioeconomic class, occupation and distance relationship. The researcher found that the populations KartuHalo (H) were 7 data, Simpati (S) were 18 data, As (A) were 12 data, Matrix (Mx) was 1 data, Mentari (M) were 5 data, and Im3 (Im) were 15 data. 2. Sample Sample is part of the population that has same character of the object from source of the data (Sukandarrumidi, 2004: 50). It means that sample is only part of the population that being an example of the data that will be analyzed.

4 20 There are many techniques of sampling namely random sampling, cluster sampling, stratified sampling, purposive sampling, area sampling, double sampling, and proportional sampling. This research used purposive sampling. The researcher took the advertisement of Telkomsel and Indosat which published on January 2013 until January 2014 that appropriate with the purpose of the research. The purpose of the research are describing and classifying the person deixis and the participants in the advertisements, so the requirements of the sample were: a. The advertisement used oral verbal communication; b. Those advertisements contain more than once person deixis used. c. Those advertisements contain certain participants who speak in a monologue or in a dialogue. After doing purposive sampling the samples of this research were KartuHalo (H) includes H.2, H.3, H.4, H.5, H.6, Simpati (S) includes S.16, S.17, As (A) includes A.3, A.9, A.10, A.11, Matrix (Mx) includes Mx.1, Mentari (M) includes M.2, M.4, Im3 (Im) includes Im.2, Im.3. Moreover, the researcher described and classified kinds of person deixis into first person, second person and third person. Besides, the researcher described how the person deixis used reflects the participants of Telkomsel and Indosat advertisements.

5 21 D. Technique of Data Analysis This research used descriptive qualitative method. The aim of descriptive method is to give description about a phenomenon in the certain society (Sukandarrumidi, 2004: 104). Then, Sukandarumidi (2004: 113) states a research is called a qualitative research if the data that has been collected in the term of relative value. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method to analyze kinds of person deixis terms and how the person deixis used by the participants of Telkomsel and Indosat advertisements. Firstly, the researcher identified the data. Then, the researcher classified kinds of person deixis that are found in the data. After that, the researcher described and analyzed how the person deixis used represent participants that found in the data. E. Technique of Data Presentation The presentation of the data that has been analyzed would be appearing in chapter four. The researcher used code for the video. The researcher use H for KartuHalo data, S for Simpati, A for AS, Mx for Matrix, M for Mentari, and Im for Im3. Besides, one digit after the code means the number of the video in the population. Meanwhile, in the monologue data, two digits after the code mean the number of sentence that uttered by the participants in the video such as data H.2.1. H.2.1 : Inilah patner setiaku (camera digital). (This is my best partner (digital camera)).

6 22 Data H.2.1 shows that H means KartuHalo data, 2 means the second video in the population of the KartuHalo data, 1 means the the first sentence that uttered by the participant who is involved. Moreover, the researcher also used table in presenting the data in order to show the classification of person deixis that has been analyzed. The table is coded such as table 4.1. Number 4 means number of the chapter while number 1 means number of table in the chapter so table 4.1 means the first table in chapter 4. Moreover, the table also contained the classification of person deixis included first person deixis, second person deixis and third person deixis. Additionally, the table also described the participants who are involved in the video such as the percentage of participant s age and sex, and how are person deixis used represent participants. The technique of using table made the reader easy to understand because it gave brief description of the research.