Manlius Pebble Hill School

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1 CHEMPH Manlius Pebble Hill School Reference Tables for Chemistry PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS Name Symbol Value(s) Units Angstrom Å 1 x m meter Avogadro number N A x 10 2 mol -1 mole -1 Elementary charge e 0 x C coulomb Electron volt ev 0 x J joule Speed of light c x 10 8 m s -1 meters second -1 Planck s constant h x 10 - J s joule-second Universal gas constant R L atm K -1 mol -1 liter atmosphere kelvin -1 mole -1 Neutron rest mass m n u atomic mass unit Proton rest mass m p u atomic mass unit Electron rest mass m e u atomic mass unit Atomic mass unit u (amu) x 10-2 g gram Standard molar volume V STP L mol -1 liter mole -1 Standard pressure atm 1 atm atmosphere 760 torr torr 760 mm Hg millimeters of mercury 10 kpa kilopascals Molal freezing point depression K f H2O -6 C m -1 degrees per molal Molal boiling point elevation K b H2O C m -1 degrees per molal Volume (standard), liter L 1 x 10 cm = 1 dm cubic decimeter Heat equivalent kcal.18 x 10 J joules VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER Temperature ( C) Pressure (torr) Temperature ( C) Pressure (torr) Temperature ( C) Pressure (torr) Last printed 1/2/201 10:2:00 AM

2 1 IA Periodic Table of the Elements 18 VIIIA 1 1 H hydrogen IIA 6 C carbon Atomic Number Symbol Element Name Average Atomic Mass (Weighted) 1 IIIA 1 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 He helium Li lithium 6.91 Be beryllium B boron C carbon N nitrogen O oxygen F fluorine Ne neon Na sodium Mg magnesium 2.05 IIIB IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB IB 12 IIB 1 Al aluminum Si silicon P phosphorus S sulfur Cl chlorine Ar argon K potassium Ca calcium Sc scandium Ti titanium V vanadium Cr chromium Mn manganese Fe iron Co cobalt Ni nickel Cu copper Zn zinc Ga gallium Ge germanium As arsenic Se selenium Br bromine Kr krypton Rb rubidium Sr strontium Y yttrium Zr zirconium Nb niobium Mo molybdenum 95.9 Tc technetium (98) Ru ruthenium Rh rhodium Pd palladium Ag silver Cd cadmium In indium Sn tin Sb antimony Te tellurium I iodine Xe xenon Cs cesium Ba barium La lanthanum Hf hafnium Ta tantalum W tungsten Re rhenium Os osmium Ir iridium Pt platinum Au gold Hg mercury Tl thallium Pb lead Bi bismuth Po polonium (209) 85 At astatine (210) 86 Rn radon (222) 7 87 Fr francium (22) 88 Ra radium Ac actinium Rf rutherfordium (261) 105 Db dubnium (262.11) 106 Sg seaborgium (26.118) 107 Bh bohrium (262.12) 107 Hs hassium (265) 109 Mt meitnerium (266) 110 Uun ununnilium (269) 111 Uuu unununium (272) 112 Uub ununbium (277) 11 Uuq ununquadium (285) 116 Uuh ununhexium (289) 118 Uuo ununoctium (29) 58 Ce cerium Pr praseodymium Nd neodymium Pm promethium (15) 62 Sm samarium Eu europium Gd gadolinium Tb terbium Dy dysprosium Ho holmium Er erbium Tm thulium Yb ytterbium Lu lutecium Th thorium Pa protactinium U uranium Np neptunium Pu plutonium (2) 95 Am americium (2) 96 Cm curium (27) 97 Bk berkelium (27) 98 Cf californium (251) 99 Es einsteinium (252) 100 Fm fermium (257) 101 Md mendelevium (258) 102 No nobelium (259) 10 Lr lawrencium (260)

3 Periodic Table of Electronegativities 1 18 H Li 1.0 Na 0.9 K 0.8 Rb 0.8 Cs 0.7 Fr 0.7 Be Mg Ca 1.0 Sr 1.0 Ba 0.9 Ra 0.9 Sc Y 1.2 La Ac Ti Zr 1. Hf V Nb Ta Cr Mo W 1.7 Mn Tc Re Fe Ru Os Co Rh Ir Ni Pd Pt Cu Ag Au 2. Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Uuq Uuh Uuo Zn Cd 1.7 Hg B 2.0 Al Ga In 1.7 Tl C 2.5 Si Ge Sn Pb N.0 P 2.1 As 2.0 Sb Bi O.5 S 2.5 Se 2. Te 2.1 Po 2.0 F.0 Cl.0 Br 2.8 I 2.5 At He Ne Ar Kr.0 Xe 2.6 Rn 2. Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 1.2 Th Pa U 1.7 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Periodic Table of First Ionization Energies (kj/mol) 1 18 H Li 520 Na 96 K 19 Rb 0 Cs 76 Fr Be 900 Mg Ca 590 Sr 550 Ba 50 Ra 509 Sc 61 Y 616 La 58 Ac 90 Ti 658 Zr 660 Hf 65 V 650 Nb 66 Ta 761 Cr 65 Mo 685 W 770 Mn 717 Tc 702 Re 760 Fe 759 Ru 711 Os 80 Co 758 Rh 720 Ir 880 Ni 77 Pd 805 Pt 870 Cu 76 Ag 71 Au 890 Zn 906 Cd 868 Hg 1007 B 801 Al 578 Ga 579 In 558 Tl 589 C 1086 Si 787 Ge 762 Sn 709 Pb 716 N 102 P 1012 As 9 Sb 82 Bi 70 O 11 S 1000 Se 91 Te 869 Po 812 F 1681 Cl 1251 Br 110 I 1008 At He 272 Ne 2081 Ar 1521 Kr 151 Xe 1170 Rn 108 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Uuq Uuh Uuo Ce 528 Pr 52 Nd 50 Pm 56 Sm 5 Eu 57 Gd 592 Tb 56 Dy 572 Ho 581 Er 589 Tm 597 Yb 60 Lu 52 Th 590 Pa 570 U 590 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

4 COMMON IONS Name Formula Name Formula aluminum Al + acetate CH COO ammonium + NH bicarbonate HCO antimony Sb + bisulfate HSO barium Ba 2+ bisulfite HSO beryllium Be 2+ bromide Br bismuth (III) Bi + carbonate 2 CO cadmium Cd 2+ chlorate ClO calcium Ca 2+ chloride Cl cesium Cs + chlorite ClO 2 chromium (II), chromous Cr 2+ chromate 2 CrO chromium (III), chromic Cr + cyanide CN cobalt (II) Co 2+ dichromate 2 Cr 2 O 7 copper (I), cuprous Cu + dihydrogen phosphate H 2 PO copper (II), cupric Cu 2+ fluoride F diamine silver [Ag(NH ) 2 ] + hydride H gold (I), aurous Au + hexacyanoferrate (II), ferrohexacyanate [Fe(CN) 6 ] gold (III), auric Au + hexacyanoferrate (III), ferrihexacyanate [Fe(CN) 6 ] hydrogen H + hydrogen phosphate 2 HPO hydronium H O + hydroxide OH iron (II), ferrous Fe 2+ hypochlorite ClO iron (III), ferric Fe + iodide I lead (II), plumbous Pb 2+ nitrate NO lead (IV), plumbic Pb + nitride N lithium Li + nitrite NO 2 magnesium Mg 2+ oxalate 2 C 2 O mercury (I), mercurous 2+ Hg 2 oxide O 2 mercury (II), mercuric Hg 2+ perchlorate ClO nickel (II), nickelous Ni 2+ permanganate MnO potassium K + peroxide 2 O 2 radium Ra 2+ phosphate PO rubidium Rb + selenide Se 2 silver Ag + sulfate 2 SO sodium Na + sulfide S 2 strontium Sr 2+ sulfite 2 SO tin (II), stannous Sn 2+ telluride Te 2 tin (IV), stannic Sn + thiocyanate SCN zinc Zn 2+ thiosulfate 2 S 2 O

5 Name Symbol Common Oxidation States COMMON ELEMENTS Melting Point (ºC) Boiling Point (ºC) aluminum Al antimony Sb, +, arsenic As, +, subl 5.7 barium Ba bismuth Bi bromine Br 1, +1, +, +5, calcium Ca Density (g ml -1 ) carbon C +2, diamond chlorine Cl 1, +1, +, +5, g L -1 chromium Cr +2, +, cobalt Co +2, copper Cu +1, fluorine F g L -1 gold Au +1, hydrogen H 1, g L -1 iodine I 1, +1, +, +5, iron Fe +2, lead Pb +2, lithium Li magnesium Mg manganese Mn +2, +, +, +6, mercury Hg +1, nickel Ni +2, nitrogen N, +, g L -1 oxygen O g L -1 phosphorus P, +, platinum Pt +2, potassium K silicon Si +2, silver Ag sodium Na strontium Sr sulfur S 2, +, tin Sn +2, white titanium Ti +2, +, tungsten W uranium U +, +, zinc Zn

6 Grams of Solute / 100g water Solubility Curves KI NaNO 110 KNO HCl NHCl NH KCl 0 0 NaCl KClO SO Temperature ( C)

7 STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS E 0 (in volts) F 2 + 2e 2F Fe + e E 0 (in volts) Fe -0.0 MnO + 8H (aq) + 5e Mn2+ + H 2 O + Pb 2 + 2e Au + e Au +1.2 Sn 2 + 2e Pb -0.1 Sn -0.1 Cl 2 + 2e 2Cl +6 Ni + 2e Ni -0.2 Cr 2 O 7 + 1H (aq) + 6e 2Cr+ + 7H 2 O + Co + 2e Co MnO 2 + H (aq) + 2e Mn2+ + 2H 2 O Cd 2 + 2e Br 2 + 2e 2Br Fe 2 + 2e Cd -0.0 Fe -0.1 Hg 2 + 2e Hg S + 2e S Ag + e Ag Cr + e Cr -0.7 Hg e 2Hg Zn 2 + 2e Fe + 1e Fe Al + e Zn Al MnO + e MnO 2 + Mg 2 + 2e Mg -2.8 I 2 + 2e 2I +0.5 Na + e Na Cu 2 + 2e Cu +0. Ca 2 + 2e Cu 2 + 1e Cu Ba 2 + 2e Ca Ba S + H (aq) + 2e H 2S (aq) +0.1 K + e K H (aq) + 2e H Li + e Li -.0

8 ACTIVITY SERIES OF THE ELEMENTS Li Rb K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb Activity of Metals Can react with cold H 2 O and acids, replacing hydrogen. Can react with steam and acids, replacing hydrogen. Can react with acids, replacing hydrogen. Order in which Sublevels fill 1 s 2 s p s p d s p d f 5 s p d f 6 s p d f 7 s p d f H 2 Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au React with oxygen, forming oxides. Fairly unreactive. Form oxides only indirectly. Activity of Halogen Nonmetals F 2 Cl 2 Br 2 I 2