XIX. Chemistry, High School

Transcription

1 XIX. Chemistry, High School

2 High School Chemistry Test The spring 08 high school Chemistry test was based on learning standards in the Chemistry content strand of the October 006 version of the Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework. These learning standards appear in the 006 framework, which is available on the Department website at Massachusetts adopted a new curriculum framework in science and technology/engineering in 06. A plan for transitioning the MCAS assessments to the new framework is available at Chemistry test results are reported under the following four MCAS reporting categories: Atomic Structure and Periodicity Bonding and Reactions Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory The table at the conclusion of this chapter indicates each item s reporting category and the framework learning standard it assesses. In order to support future test development, items from the spring 08 Chemistry test are not included in this publication. The omission of these items will have no impact on the reporting of results. Test Sessions The high school Chemistry test included two separate test sessions, which were administered on consecutive days. Each session included multiple-choice and open-response questions. Reference Materials and Tools Each student taking the high school Chemistry test was provided with a Chemistry Formula and Constants Sheet/Periodic Table of the Elements. Copies of both sides of this formula sheet appear on the following pages. Each student also had sole access to a calculator with at least four functions and a square-root key. During both Chemistry test sessions, the use of bilingual word-to-word dictionaries was allowed for current and former English learner students only. No other reference tools or materials were allowed. 05

3 Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System Chemistry Formula and Constants Sheet Common Polyatomic Ions Ion Ionic Formula Ammonium NH Carbonate CO - Hydroxide OH - Nitrate NO - Phosphate PO - Sulfate SO - Combined Gas Law: PV T Ideal Gas Law: PV nrt PV T Dilution Formula: M V M V Molar Volume of Ideal Gas at STP:. L/mol Ideal Gas Constant: R 0.08 L atm/mol K 8. L kpa/mol K STP: atm (0. kpa), 7 K (0 C) Absolute Temperature Conversion: K C 7 Definition of ph: ph log [H O ] log [H ] Avogadro s Number: 6.0 Nuclear Symbols 0 particles/mol Name Symbol Alpha particle or He Beta particle or 0 e Gamma ray Neutron 0n 06

4 Group (Family) A H Hydrogen 6.9 Li Lithium.99 Na Sodium 9.0 K 9 Potassium 85.7 Rb 7 Rubidium.9 Cs 55 Cesium () Fr 87 Francium A 9.0 Be Beryllium. Mg Magnesium 0.08 Ca 0 Calcium 87.6 Sr 8 Strontium 7. Ba 56 Barium (6) Ra 88 Radium B.96 Sc Scandium 88.9 Y 9 Yttrium Key: B 7.88 Ti Titanium 9. Zr 0 Zirconium 78.9 Hf 7 Hafnium (67) Rf 0 Rutherfordium Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System atomic weight Symbol atomic number Name 5B V Vanadium 9.9 Nb Niobium Ta 7 Tantalum (68) Db 05 Dubnium 6B Cr Chromium 95.9 Mo Molybdenum 8.85 W 7 Tungsten (7) Sg 06 Seaborgium Periodic Table of the Elements 7B Mn 5 Manganese (98) Tc Technetium 86. Re 75 Rhenium (7) Bh 07 Bohrium Fe 6 Iron 0.07 Ru 8B Ruthenium 90. Os 76 Osmium (77) Hs 08 Hassium 58.9 Co 7 Cobalt 0.9 Rh 5 Rhodium 9. Ir 77 Iridium (76) Mt 09 Meitnerium Ni 8 Nickel 06. Pd 6 Palladium Pt 78 Platinum (8) 0 B 6.55 Cu 9 Copper Ag 7 Silver Au 79 Gold (80) Ds Rg Darmstadtium Roentgenium B 65.9 Zn 0 Zinc. Cd 8 Cadmium Hg 80 Mercury A 0.8 B 5 Boron 6.98 Al Aluminum 69.7 Ga Gallium.8 In 9 Indium 0.8 Tl 8 Thallium A.0 C 6 Carbon 8.09 Si Silicon 7.59 Ge Germanium 8.7 Sn 50 Tin 07. Pb 8 Lead 5A 5.0 N 7 Nitrogen 0.97 P 5 Phosphorus 7.9 As Arsenic.75 Sb 5 Antimony Bi 8 Bismuth 6A O 8 Oxygen.06 S 6 Sulfur Se Selenium 7.60 Te 5 Tellurium (09) Po 8 Polonium 7A F 9 Fluorine 5.5 Cl 7 Chlorine Br 5 Bromine 6.9 I 5 Iodine (0) At 85 Astatine 8A 8.00 He Helium 0.8 Ne 0 Neon 9.95 Ar 8 Argon 8.80 Kr 6 Krypton.9 Xe 5 Xenon () Rn 86 Radon Mass numbers in parentheses are those of the most stable or most common isotope. Lanthanide Series Actinide Series 8.9 La 57 Lanthanum (7) Ac 89 Actinium 0. Ce 58 Cerium.0 Th 90 Thorium 0.9 Pr 59 Praseodymium.0 Pa 9 Protactinium. Nd 60 Neodymium 8.0 U 9 Uranium (5) Pm 6 Promethium (7) Np 9 Neptunium 50.6 Sm 6 Samarium () Pu 9 Plutonium 5.96 Eu 6 Europium () Am 95 Americium 57.5 Gd 6 Gadolinium (7) Cm 96 Curium 58.9 Tb 65 Terbium (7) Bk 97 Berkelium 6.50 Dy 66 Dysprosium (5) Cf 98 Californium 6.9 Ho 67 Holmium (5) Es 99 Einsteinium 67.6 Er 68 Erbium (57) Fm 00 Fermium 68.9 Tm 69 Thulium (58) Md 0 Mendelevium 7.0 Yb 70 Ytterbium (59) No 0 Nobelium 7.97 Lu 7 Lutetium (6) Lr 0 Lawrencium *Revised based on IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, Atomic Weights of the Elements 007. Period 07

5 High School Chemistry Spring 08 Items: Reporting Categories and Standards Item No. Reporting Category 006 Standard Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry. Bonding and Reactions. Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 8. Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6. 5 Atomic Structure and Periodicity. 6 Bonding and Reactions. 7 Bonding and Reactions. 8 Atomic Structure and Periodicity.5 9 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6. 0 Atomic Structure and Periodicity. Bonding and Reactions 5.6 Bonding and Reactions 5. Atomic Structure and Periodicity. Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7. 5 Bonding and Reactions. 6 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry. 7 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory Atomic Structure and Periodicity.7 9 Atomic Structure and Periodicity. 0 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 8. Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry. Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7. Bonding and Reactions 8. Bonding and Reactions 5. 5 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry. 6 Atomic Structure and Periodicity. 7 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6. 8 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6. 9 Bonding and Reactions Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7. Atomic Structure and Periodicity. Bonding and Reactions 5. Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory

6 Item No. Reporting Category 006 Standard Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry. 5 Bonding and Reactions 5. 6 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 8. 7 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6. 8 Atomic Structure and Periodicity. 9 Bonding and Reactions.6 0 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6. Atomic Structure and Periodicity. Atomic Structure and Periodicity. Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7. Atomic Structure and Periodicity.6 5 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry