AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON COPPER SLAG AS REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 216, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_7_6_3 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON COPPER SLAG AS REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE J. Anne Mary Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR University, Chennai, India ABSTRACT Worldwide the average consumption of sand for construction increases 4 billion tones annually as sand is used as a conventional construction material. The large scale of extraction lead to cause impact in marine and biodiversity, so there is an immediate attention to be taken in construction industry to find an alternative construction material. The main objective of this investigation is to compare the strength parameter and behavior of fresh and hardened concrete with with conventional concrete and copper slag incorporated concrete in various percentages as replacement of fine aggregate. Approximately 24.6 million tones of copper slag generated at every year of copper production in worldwide (Gorai et al, 23). The strength characteristics of copper slag incorporated concrete was found out by replacement of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 1 %, out of this 4% replacement gives highest compression strength at 28 days, more than % higher in Compression Strength and 5.3% higher in Split Tensile Strength and 4.72% in Flexural Strength compare to conventional mix. Key words: Copper Slag, Plasticizers, Ordinary Portland Cement. Cite this Article: J. Anne Mary, An Experimental Investigation on Copper Slag as Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 216, pp INTRODUCTION In India, most of the Construction activities are made with concrete, as it is easily available concrete is being used for all major construction like dams, towers, water tanks, houses, roadways, railway sleepers, offshore structures, bridges, etc. In Concrete 25-4% of sand is used as fine aggregate, rapid increase of using conventional construction activities lead to acute shortage of construction material. India demand comparatively greater cost at around two or three times the cost of crusher. India has enormous growth in steel and copper industry. Copper slag which is produced during Pyro-metallurgical production of copper from copper ores contains material such as alumina, calcium oxide, silica etc. For every tonnage of metal produced about 2.2 tones slag is generated. Disposal of such huge quantity of slag cause both environmental and space problems. (Chockalingam et al, 213) The use of copper slag in concrete provides potential environment as well as economic benefits for all related industries ( Kharade et al, 213) editor@iaeme.com

2 An Experimental Investigation on Copper Slag as Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete 2. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Materials needed for concrete are Cement, Metakoalin, Ground Granulated Blast Furnance Slag, Rice Husk Ash, Fine Aggregate (sand and copper slag), Coarse Aggregate (broken stone), super plasticizers and water Materials Used Cement The cement used in this experimental work is Ordinary Portland Cement 53 grade confirming to IS was used for this investigation. The specific gravity is 3.12 and Blaine specific surface area is 225 cm2/gm respectively Fine Aggregates Natural Sand: Locally available river sand conforming to grading zone-ii as per IS: dried, cleaned is used respectively. Copper Slag: Copper slag is an individual by product material produce by copper smetting and refining processes. This has similar property of sand, hence copper slag can be replaced for fine aggregate. The physical Properties of natural sand and copper slag is as below. Table 1 Physical Properties Physical Properties Natural sand Copper Slag Appearance Grainy and White Black and Glassy Specific Gravity Bulk Density 2.7 g/cc 2.8 g/cc Water Absorption 2.3%.17% Moisture Content 1.3%.1% Coarse Aggregates Locally available coarse aggregate from quarry was used with specific gravity 2.7 and water absorption is.3% and maximum size of 2 mm size aggregate Super Plasticizers Super Plasticizers Conplast SP43 is used 1% by weight of cement for high workability in concrete Water For the present research, potable water free from salts is used for concrete mixing and curing conforming to the requirements of IS: Mix Proportion and Mix Details The mix proportions were calculated for M2, grade of concrete for w/c ratio of.5 respectively by using IS method of mix design. Keeping w/c ratio as constant for control mix and by, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 1 % replacements given in table editor@iaeme.com

3 J. Anne Mary Mi x No Mix Designation W/ C Ra tio Table 2 Mix Proportion Ceme nt (kg/m 3 ) Fine Aggregate (kg/m 3 ) Natura l Sand Copper Slag Course Aggregat e (kg/m 3 ) Super Plasticize rs (kg/m 3 ) Water (kg/m 3 ) M1 CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE M2 8% OPC & 2% COPPER SLAG M3 6% OPC & 4% COPPER SLAG M4 4% OPC & 6% COPPER SLAG M5 8% OPC & 8% COPPER SLAG M6 1% COPPER SLAG TEST RESULTS The test has conducted for fresh and hardened concrete for various mix from M1 to M6 results are listed below Fresh Concrete The tests of fresh concrete are Slump Cone test, Compaction Factor, Vee Bee Consistency and Flow Table test for this investigation and the results are as follows Slump (mm) Table 3 Workability Test Results Compaction factor (%) Vee bee (sec) Flow (%) M M M M M M Slump Value M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Figure 1 Variation in Slump editor@iaeme.com

4 An Experimental Investigation on Copper Slag as Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete Compaction Factor M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Vee Bee Consistency (Sec) Figure 2 Variation in compaction Factor M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Figure 3 Variation in Vee Bee Consistometer Flow (%) M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Figure 4 Variation in Flow editor@iaeme.com

5 J. Anne Mary 3.2. Hardened Concrete The hardened concrete is tested after 7, 14,28 days for compression test, split tensile strength and Flexural Strength and the dimensions are 15 mm cube, 15 x 3 mm of cylinder and 5 x 1 x 1 mm were casted and the result are as follows. Table 4 Compression test Compression Strength (N/mm 2 ) 7 Days 14 Day 28 Days M M M M M M Table 5 Split Tensile Strength test Split Tensile Strength (N/mm 2 ) 7 Days 14 Day 28 Days M M M M M M Table 6 Flexural Strength test Flexural Strength (N/mm 2 ) 7 Days 14 Day 28 Days M M M M M M editor@iaeme.com

6 An Experimental Investigation on Copper Slag as Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete Compression Strength Compression Strength M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 7 Days Day Days Figure 5 Compression Strength Split Tensile Strength (N/mm2 ) Split Tensile Strength (N/mm2 ) M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 7 Days Day Days Figure 6 Split Test Strength. Flexural Strength (N/mm2 ) Flexural Strength (N/mm2 ) M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 7 Days Day Days Figure 7 Flexural Strength editor@iaeme.com

7 J. Anne Mary 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Copper slag is a very good alternative material for fine aggregate it can be replaced upto 4% with fine aggregate so that it gives highest strength at 28 days compare to normal concrete with M2 mix. By replacing fine aggregate with 4% of copper slag gives the strength 37.55%, 1% and 4.72% more than the reference with conventional concrete at 28 days for compression strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength respectively. 5. CONCLUSION Alternative construction material is identified. By using copper slag as fine aggregate as we can make environment more sustainable. It contributes to natural sand conservation. REFERENCE [1] Neel P Patel et al (216), Sand Replacement with copper slag on mechanical properties of concrete International Journal of advanced Engineering and Research Development. [2] Hemant Kumar et al (216), Assessment of Influence on Compression Strength of M2 Concrete by replacing Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate International Research journal of Engineering and Technology. [3] Venkateshan et al (215), Strength and Durability Characteristics of Conventional Concrete By Partial Replacement of Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. [4] Jebitta et al (215), Influence of Alternative Cementitious Material in the Strength and Development of Concrete Journal of Recent Research in Engineering and Technology. [5] Chianand Soudi et al (215), Assessment of Mechanical and Durability Characteristics of Concrete containing Copper Slag as a Replacement of Fine Aggregate International Research Journal of Engineering and Technolgy. [6] Chinnu Mariam Ninan and Dr. M. Nazeer, Investigation on Strength Development of Portland Cement Slag Metakaolin Cementitious System. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 7(5), 216, pp [7] Binaya Patnik et al (215), An Experimental investigation on strength properties slag fiber reinforced concrete Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. [8] Pavan Kumar M (215) The Behaviour of Concrete by Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper Slag and Cement with GGBS An Experimental Study Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering. [9] Karthik Jet al (214), Experimental Study on Strength Characterisitics on M2 Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper Slag International Journal of Advanced Research. [1] Binaya Patnaik et al (214), Strength and Durability Properties of Copper Slag Admixed Concrete International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology. [11] Balamurugan et al (213) Use of Quarry Dust to Replacing Sand in Concrete An Experimental Study International Journal of Science and Research Publications. [12] M. V. Patil, Y.D.Patil and G. R. Vesmawala, Study on Copper Slag and Micro Silica Effects in Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 7(5), 216, pp [13] Vianyak et al (213) Properties of Concrete bv Replacement of Natural Sand with Artificial Sand International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology. [14] Wu Weide et al (21), Optimum content of copper slag as fine aggregate in high strength concrete Materials and Design. [15] Behnood A (29), Mechanical properties of high-strength concrete incorporating copper slag as coarse aggregate. Construction and Building Materials editor@iaeme.com

8 An Experimental Investigation on Copper Slag as Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete [16] Gorai B, Jana RK, Premchand (23), Characteristics and utilization of copper slag - a review. Resources. Conservation and Recycling 39: Khanzadi M, [17] IS: Code of practice for specification for Admixture for Concrete Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi, [18] IS Indian Standard Specification and Testing for Fine and Course Aggregate Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi, [19] IS Code of Practice for Mix Design Calculation Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi, [2] Handbook of material testing IRICE/PUNE editor@iaeme.com