Metals. General information

Transcription

1 Metals. General information Read and copy the following text: Metals are divided into two groups: Metals that contain iron are called Ferrous Metals (Alloys). Metals that do not contain iron are called Non-Ferrous Metals (Alloys). Answer the following question: 1. What are the two groups in which metals are divided? Match with arrows: - Ferrous Metals (Alloys) - Non- Ferrous Metals (Alloys) Do not contain iron Contain iron

2 Metals. General information PROPERTIES OF METALS The main properties of metals are: Good conductor of heat Good conductor of electricity Ductile (can be made into wire by the process of pulling) Malleable (can be made into sheets through the application of pressure) Mark with an x the properties of metals: 2. Bad conductors of electricity 3. Can be made into wire by pulling 4. They are not malleable 5. Good conductors of heat Complete with the words: wires or sheets - Ductile means that it can be made into by the process of pulling. - Malleable means that it can be made into through the application of pressure

3 Metals. Ferrous Metals (Alloys). The most used Ferrous Metals are STEEL and CAST-IRON. Steel and Cast-iron are both ALLOYS. An alloy is a mixture of substances in which at least one is a metal. Steel and cast- iron are mixtures of IRON and CARBON. The difference between iron and cast-iron is the amount of iron and carbon in each: Iron has more iron and less carbon Cast-irons have less iron and more carbon Answer the following question: - Which ferrous metals (alloys) are the most used? Complete the phrase with the words: SUBSTANCES and METAL. An alloy is a mixture of in which at least one is a.

4 Metals. Ferrous Metals (Alloys). Activity 3: Circle the alloys that appear in the following box and copy them on the line below: Steel Sugar Wood Plastic Cast-iron Chocolate Cloth(Fabric) Activity 4: Mark the correct answer and copy it on the answer line: Steel and Cast-iron are made of: Gold and silver Tin and nickel Iron and carbon Answer: Activity 5: Complete the following phrases using the words in the square (use each one two times): IRON CARBON Steel has more and less. Cast-iron has less and more.

5 Metals. Ferrous Metals (Alloys). THE STEELMAKING PROCESS Steel is produced in the following way: 1 st Extract iron from a mine 2 nd Mix the iron with carbon 3 rd Put the iron and the carbon in an oven called a blast furnace 4 th From the blast furnace, one obtains a mixture called pig iron 5 th The pig iron is put into another oven called the LD converter 6 th The LD converter adjusts the quantity of carbon that the steel will retain Fill in the missing steps in the steelmaking process. 1 st Extract iron from a mine. 2 nd 3 rd Put the iron and the carbon in an oven called a blast furnace. 4 th 5 th The pig iron is put into another oven called the LD converter. 6 th

6 Metals. Ferrous Metals (Alloys). Choose the correct option: Pig iron is obtained from the. Blast furnace LD converter Steel is obtained from the. Blast furnace LD converter Activity 3: Put in order the steps of steelmaking: The pig iron is put into another oven called the LD converter Put the iron and the carbon in an oven called a blast furnace Mix the iron with carbon Extract iron from a mine The LD converter adjusts the quantity of carbon that the steel will retain 4 From the blast furnace, one obtains a mixture called pig iron

7 Metals. Ferrous Metals (Alloys). CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS OF STEEL AND CAST- IRON STEELS: Steel is the most used metal. It is used in the making of: screws, nails, beams, tools like pliers, screwdrivers, hammers, etc. It is also used to make parts of machines such as motors, gears, etc. CAST IRONS: Cast iron is used to make large pieces such as boilers or caldrons, motor frames, bedplate or base frames for machines, etc. Classify the following objects according to the materials from which they are made: Screwdriver Motor frame Screws Boiler Beams Vice STEEL CAST IRON

8 Metals. Non -Ferrous Metals (Alloys). Copper: Properties and applications: Good conductor of electricity used to make cables Good conductor of heat and resistant to water used to make pipes If we mix copper with tin we obtain BRONZE used to make bells If we mix copper with zinc we obtain BRASS used to make keys, door hinges, screws, etc. Write two properties of copper: Choose the correct response and write it. If we mix copper and tin we obtain. If we mix copper and zinc we obtain.

9 Metals. Non -Ferrous Metals (Alloys). Activity 3: With which material are the following objects made? Write your answer on the line. A cable wire Copper A pipe Copper A key Copper A bell Copper A screw Copper

10 Metals. Non -Ferrous Metals (Alloys). Aluminum: Properties and applications: Very light in weight used, for example, to make bicycles Good conductor of electricity used to make very long cables. Does not rust used to make cans for sodas and other drinks. Write three properties of copper: Write three objects that are made with aluminum: