Cobalt Metal Exposure Scenarios_2015 update Version 05/11/2015

Transcription

1 8. ES 8: Use at industrial site; Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools 8.1. Title section Base metals and alloys (PC 7) Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating products (PC 14) Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys (SU 14) Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (SU 15) Environment CS 1: Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES1 STP Discharge CS 2: Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES2 Direct Discharge CS 3: Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES3 Marine Discharge Worker ERC 5 ERC 5 ERC 5 CS 4: Handling of massive materials PROC 21 CS 5-6: Sintering, melting and casting PROC 23, PROC 22 CS 7-11: Finishing of massive objects PROC 25, PROC 13, PROC 14, PROC 21, PROC 24 CS 12: Handling of powders PROC 26 CS 13-15: Powder production PROC 27a, PROC 1, PROC 27b CS 16-17: Further processing PROC 24, PROC 1 CS 18-19: Thermal spraying fully automated PROC 1, PROC 7 CS 20: Thermal spraying NOT fully automated PROC 7 CS 21-22: Cleaning & Maintenance PROC 8a, PROC 26 Subsequent service life exposure scenario(s) ES 13: Service life (professional worker); Welding in professional settings ES 14: Service life (professional worker); Service life of cobalt-containing tools in professional settings ES 16: Service life (consumers); Service life of dental alloys ES 17: Service life (consumers); Service life of diamond tools and other cobalt-containing tools other than hard metal used by consumers ES 15: Service life (professional worker); Service life of dental alloys containing cobalt in professional settings ES 11: Service life (worker at industrial site); Service life of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools in industrial settings ES 12: Service life (worker at industrial site); Welding in industrial settings 8.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure 1

2 Control of environmental exposure: Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES1 STP Discharge (ERC 5) Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life) Daily amount per site <= 2.2 tonnes/day Annual amount per site <= tonnes/year Emission days >= days/year Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber Conditions and measures related to sewage treatment plant Estimated substance removal from wastewater via municipal sewage treatment 40% Conditions and measures related to treatment of waste (including article waste) Dispose of waste or used sacks/containers according to local regulations. Other conditions affecting environmental exposure Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2000 m3/d Receiving surface water flow >= m3/d Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= Control of environmental exposure: Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES2 Direct Discharge (ERC 5) Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life) Daily amount per site <= 2.2 tonnes/day Annual amount per site <= tonnes/year Emission days >= days/year Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber Conditions and measures related to sewage treatment plant No STP Conditions and measures related to treatment of waste (including article waste) Dispose of waste or used sacks/containers according to local regulations. Other conditions affecting environmental exposure Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2000 m3/d Receiving surface water flow >= m3/d Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= Control of environmental exposure: Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES3 Marine Discharge (ERC 5) 2

3 Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life) Daily amount per site <= 2.2 tonnes/day Annual amount per site <= tonnes/year Emission days >= days/year Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber Conditions and measures related to sewage treatment plant No STP Conditions and measures related to treatment of waste (including article waste) Dispose of waste or used sacks/containers according to local regulations. Other conditions affecting environmental exposure Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2000 m3/d Receiving surface water flow >= m3/d Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= Control of worker exposure: Handling of massive materials (PROC 21) Physical form covered in this ES: Massive cobalt and massive scrap (e.g. ingots, cathodes, rounds). Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low. Process is carried out at ambient temperature Control of worker exposure: Sintering, melting and casting (PROC 23, PROC 22) Physical form covered in this ES: Molten. Physical form covered in this ES: Massive object (e.g. ingots, cathodes). Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Medium (temperature based). Limit the process temperature to 1500 C. Ensure enclosure of furnace operation. Use of a local exhaust ventilation with an efficiency of at least 78.0% is required Control of worker exposure: Finishing of massive objects (PROC 25, PROC 13, PROC 14, PROC 21, PROC 24) 3

4 Concentration of the substance in mixture up to 90 %. Physical form covered in this ES: Massive object. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low. Process is carried out at ambient temperature Control of worker exposure: Handling of powders (PROC 26) Physical form covered in this ES: Solid, powder / dust (scrap steel and alloy powders and solids). Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Medium. Process is carried out at ambient temperature. Use of a local exhaust ventilation with an efficiency of at least 78.0% is required. Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation APF of RPE = 40 (97.5% respiratory protection) Control of worker exposure: Powder production (PROC 27a, PROC 1, PROC 27b) Physical form covered in this ES: Molten. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low. Limit the process temperature to 1500 C. Ensure full containment of the process Control of worker exposure: Further processing (PROC 24, PROC 1) Physical form covered in this ES: Massive object (cobalt in alloy). Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low (abrasion based). 4

5 Limit the process temperature to 1200 C. Process pressure may exceed ambient pressure. Ensure full containment of the process Control of worker exposure: Thermal spraying fully automated (PROC 1, PROC 7) Physical form covered in this ES: Solid, powder / dust. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: High (temperature based). Ensure full containment of the process. Segregated enclosed space of the emission source is required. Process has to be fully automated Control of worker exposure: Thermal spraying NOT fully automated (PROC 7) Physical form covered in this ES: Solid, powder / dust. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: High (temperature based). Use of a local exhaust ventilation with an efficiency of at least 78.0% is required. Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation APF of RPE = 20 (95.0% respiratory protection) Control of worker exposure: Cleaning & Maintenance (PROC 8a, PROC 26) Physical form covered in this ES: Solid, powder / dust. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: High. Process is carried out at ambient temperature. Process is carried out at ambient pressure. Maintenance and repair work only at facilities which are not in operation. Minor cleaning tasks may be conducted under operation. Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation APF of RPE = 40 (97.5% respiratory protection). 5

6 8.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source Environmental release and exposure: Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES1 STP Discharge (ERC 5) Release route Release rate Release estimation method Water kg/day Release factor Air kg/day Release factor Soil 0 kg/day Release factor Protection target Exposure concentration Risk characterisation Freshwater Local PEC: 0.21 µg/l 0.35 Sediment (freshwater) Local PEC: 8.31 mg/kg dw 0.87 Sewage treatment plant Local PEC: 0.02 mg/l 0.05 Agricultural soil Local PEC: 0.64 mg/kg dw 0.06 Air Local PEC: 241 ng/m 3 No environmental hazard Man via Environment - Inhalation Local PEC: 241 ng/m³ Man via Environment - Oral Exposure via food consumption: µg/kg/d Environmental release and exposure: Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES2 Direct Discharge (ERC 5) Release route Release rate Release estimation method Water kg/day Release factor Air kg/day Release factor Soil 0 kg/day Release factor Protection target Exposure concentration Risk characterisation Freshwater Local PEC: 0.22 µg/l 0.37 Sediment (freshwater) Local PEC: 8.76 mg/kg dw 0.92 Agricultural soil Local PEC: 0.12 mg/kg dw 0.01 Air Local PEC: 241 ng/m 3 No environmental hazard Man via Environment - Inhalation Local PEC: 241 ng/m³ Man via Environment - Oral Exposure via food consumption: µg/kg/d Environmental release and exposure: Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES3 Marine Discharge (ERC 5) Release route Release rate Release estimation method 6

7 Release route Release rate Release estimation method Water kg/day Release factor Air kg/day Release factor Soil 0 kg/day Release factor Protection target Exposure concentration Risk characterisation Marine water Local PEC: 0.10 µg/l 0.04 Sediment (marine water) Local PEC: 7.56 mg/kg dw 0.80 Agricultural soil Local PEC: 0.12 mg/kg dw 0.01 Air Local PEC: 241 ng/m 3 No environmental hazard Man via Environment - Inhalation Local PEC: 241 ng/m³ Man via Environment - Oral Exposure via food consumption: µg/kg/d Worker exposure: Handling of massive materials (PROC 21) Inhalation, local, long-term 9 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Analogous data) Worker exposure: Sintering, melting and casting (PROC 23, PROC 22) Inhalation, local, long-term 2 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Monitoring data) Worker exposure: Finishing of massive objects (PROC 25, PROC 13, PROC 14, PROC 21, PROC 24) Inhalation, local, long-term 24 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Analogous data) Worker exposure: Handling of powders (PROC 26) Inhalation, local, long-term 27 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Monitoring data) Worker exposure: Powder production (PROC 27a, PROC 1, PROC 27b) Inhalation, local, long-term 10 µg/m³ (External Tool: MEASE) Worker exposure: Further processing (PROC 24, PROC 1) Inhalation, local, long-term 10 µg/m³ (External Tool: MEASE) Worker exposure: Thermal spraying fully automated (PROC 1, PROC 7) 7

8 Inhalation, local, long-term 10 µg/m³ (External Tool: MEASE) Worker exposure: Thermal spraying NOT fully automated (PROC 7) Inhalation, local, long-term 20 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Published data) Worker exposure: Cleaning & Maintenance (PROC 8a, PROC 26) Inhalation, local, long-term 24 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Analogous data) Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES Please refer to Section 0.3 of this "ES for Communication". 8