An Evaluation on Airborne Particulate and It's Components in the Welding Workplace for the Ship Construction Industry

Transcription

1 17 3 ( ) J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2007;17(3): An Evaluation on Airborne Particulate and It's Components in the Welding Workplace for the Ship Construction Industry Yong-seon Kang 1) Joong-Kyu Shin 2) Song-Kwon Lee 2) Chung-Sik Yoon 3) Moo-Hyuk Lim 2) Man-Chul Park 4) Sang-Hyo Sim 5) Changwon General Hospital, Workers Accident Medical Corporation 1) Faculty of Health Science, Daegu Hanny Universit 2)) Dept. of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu 3) Occupational Health & Environmental Technology Center, Samsung Techwin Co. Ltd 4) Dept of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center 5) This research was performed to evaluate the airborne personal concentration of hazardouse materials during the process of ship construction and surveyed from May 23 to June 30, 2007 in Kyungnam West Distirct, Korea. The subject was 94 ship construction workers exposed to welding fume and respirable particulate. The airborne concentrations of those were compared to Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL) from the Ministry of Labor in Korea. The airborne concentration of 23 samples(48.9%) of welding fumes was less than 5 /, that of 16 (34.0%) was between 5 and 10 /, and that of 8 (17.0%) was greater than 10 /. The airborne concentration of 27 (57.4%) of respirable particulate masses was less than 5 / and the othere are greater than 5 /. The welding fumes were identified containing the heavy metasl such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, and Cu. The respirable particulates has similiar tendency with welding fumes in the component of heavy metals. But the concentration of Ca, Cu, Cr, and Ni turned out to be higher in welding fumes. Twenty (42.6%) of the samples of welding fumes were exceeded PEL. In the heavy metals in welding fumes, ten (21.3%) of the samples of Mn were exceeded PEL. Based on the results, the higher airborne hazardous materials were still exposed to wokers in ship construction process. It is suggested that the appropriate engineering control be applied to minimize the exposed cocnetration in ship building processes. Composition and concentration of welding fumes, Metals, Evaluation method Changwon General Hospital, Workers Accident Medical Corporation Tel: , Fax: , kys3973@hanmail.net

2 , 1 (, 2000). ( ) 500, 20 (, 1996).,,,, (, 2002).,,,.,,. PE(pre- erection),.. 2. (fusion welding), (pressure welding), (soldering, brazing) (, 2001).,,,,,,,,,,, (, 1997). Phoon et al(1983), Karlsen et al(1994) (1991), (1997), (2002), (1985), (1992). (welding fumes) (respirable particulate mass)., (, 1997), 6 (Cr), ( 2001).. (welding fumes) (respirable particulate mass),., (block) 94.,,., CO2 (CO2 gas metal arc welding), AWS (E80T1-W,, KOREA), 350A, 40V, 20 /min. (DTV-260,, KOREA) 36 /min 2260 Bay (ELF-600, E-EHA, KOREA ) 320 /min,.

3 2 1) (welding fumes) NIOSH Method 0500(NIOSH, 1994), 1 50% desiccator 0.001mg (Mettler, MX5, Switzerland) 10% blank. (Fe). NIOSH Method 7300(NIOSH, 1994) (microwave digestion system, MDS2100, CEM Corp, USA), (Inductively Coupled Plasma, ICP). NIOSH Method 0600(NIOSH, 1994), 37 Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC) (SKC Co. USA) 3piece cassette holder 10 nylon cyclone(gilian Co, USA) (personal air sampler, Gilian Co, USA) 1.7 /min 360. (Table 1). 2) SPSS 13.0, (welding fumes) (respirable particulate mass) Wilk-shapiro test,, (Geometric Mean, GM) (Geometric Standard Deviation, GSD). (welding fumes) (respirable particulate mass) (, 2002). (welding fumes), (lognormal distribution) (, 1994), Fig / 23(48.9%), 5~10 / 16(34.0%), 10 / 8(17.0%), 5 / 27(57.4%), 5~10 /, 10 / 10(21.3%) (Table 2). Elements Wavelength (nm) Gas flow(lpm) Plasma Auxiliary Nebulizer RF Power (Watts) Pump Flow Rate (ml/min) Type Fe Mn Zn2 Cu Ni Pb Cr Cd Ca Mg

4 248 Cumulative probability % Respirable particulate mass Total welding fumes 1 10 Concentration mg/m /, 3.53 /. (Fe) /, (Mn) /, (Zn) 768 /, (Mg) /, (Ca) /, (Cu) /, (Pb) /, (Cr) 0.00 /, (Ni) /, (Fe), (Mn), (Zn), (Mg), (Ca), (Cu), 9,, (Fe) (Mn) (Zn). (Ca), (Cu), (Cr), (Ni) Welding fumes Fume concentration level No. of Samples Respirable particulate mass No. of Samples ~ ~ < Total 23(48.9%) 16(34.0%) 8(17.0%) (100.0%) 27(57.4%) 10(21.3%) 10(21.3%) (100.0%) Composition No of Sample GM ( / ) Welding fumes GSD Range GM ( / ) Respirable particulate mass GSD Range p-value Fume Fe Mn Zn Mg Ca Cu Pb Cr Ni ND ND ND ND ND 0.00 ND ** 0.00** ** 0.02*

5 249, (p<0.01)(p<0.05). (Table 3). Fig. 2 (Fe), (Mn), (Zn), (Mg), (Ca), (Cu), (Pb), (Cr), (Ni). (OSHA) (, 1997),. Y (Sampling and Analytical Error, SAE) 95% (Upper Confidence Limit, UCL), Y (Sampling and Analytical Error, SAE) 95% (Lower Confidence Limit, LCL), (, 2005). 4 20

6 250 Composition Number of Samples LCL>1 LCL 1 and UCL>1 UCL 1 Total Welding fume Fume Fe Mn Respirable particulate mass Fume Fe Mn (42.6%) ', 4, 23, (Mn) 10 (21.3%), 5, 32, (Fe) 1 (2.1%), 2, 44, (Zn), (Cu), (Pb), (Cr), (Ni), (Ca), (Mg). 18 (38.3%), 6, 23. (Mn) 9 (19.1%), 4, 34. (Fe) 1, (Zn), (Cu), (Pb), (Cr), (Ni), (Ca), (Mg).,,,,, (, 1996).,,., (AWS, 1976), (Fe2O3),. 100., (Na, K, Ca), (Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn),.., (Cr), (Ni), (Mn). (, 1999)., 4.11 /, 3.53 /. (1991) 9.73 /, Phoon et al(1983) /, (2002) /.

7 ( 30cm),,. Palmer(1986).8%,. (welding fumes) (Fe)> (Mn)> (Zn)> (Mg)> (Ca)> (Cu)> (Pb)> (Cr)> (Ni)> (Cd), (1996) CO2. (siderosis), (fibrosis), (emphysema), (bronchitis), (Pb), (Cd), (Cr), (Mn) (, 1995) /, (1994) CO /, Evans et al(1979) 7.3 /. (Fe) 30%, (Mn) 9.4%, (Zn) 8.2%, (Mg) 1.2%, (Fe) > (Mn) > (Zn) > (Mg) > (Ca) > (Cu) > (Pb) > (Cr) > (Ni) > (Cd) (welding fumes). 86.0%, Evans et al(1979) 70.6%, (1991) 85.8%. (Mn), (Pb), (Cr), (Ni) 80%, (Ca).5% 50%.,,,,.,. 20 (42.6%) (1991) 5 / 88.0% (1996) 81.2% (2001) 73.6%. (Fe) 1 (2.1%), (Mn) 10 (21.3%) (1996) (Fe) (Mn).. 18 (38.3%), (Mn) 9 (19.1%), (Fe) 1 (2.1%)., (welding fumes), (respirable particulate

8 252 mass), / 23 ( 48.9%), 5~10 / 16 (34.0%), 10 / 8 (17.0%), 5 / 27 ( 57.4%), 5~10 /, 10 / 10 (21.3%). 2. (Fe), (Mn), (Zn), (Mg), (Ca), (Cu), 9, (Fe) (Mn) (Zn), (Ca), (Cu), (Cr), (Ni), (p<0.01)(p<0.05) (42.6%) ', 4, 23. (Mn) 10 (21.3%), 5, 32, (Fe) 1 (2.1%), 2, 44, (Zn), (Cu), (Pb), (Cr), (Ni), (Ca), (Mg). 18 (38.3%), 6, 23. (Mn) 9 (19.1%), 4, 34.,. REFERENCES, ;7(1): , ;1(1): ,,,,,. (PET) ( ) 2002; p4. ( ) 2005; p28-30,, ; ,,,,,, ;5(2): ,,, ;27(4):51-62, ;4(1): ;4-52,, ; ; ,,, ;14(4): ,,, ;14(4): ( ) 1996;9-35 Phoon, WH Tan, KT. Welding Fumes in Shipyards. Occupational Health and Safety 1983;2:19-25 American Welding Society. Methods for sampling airbone particulate generated by welding and allied process. Miami F1 1976;1-78 American Welding Society. Methods for sampling airborne

9 253 particulate generated by welding and allied process 1976;AWS8 ANSI/AWS F1:1-78 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH, 1994; Palmer WG. Effects of welding on health. Miami, Fl, American Welding Society 1983;1-10 Evans MJ, Ingle J, Molyneux MK, Sharp GTH. An Occupational Hygiene Study of A Controlled Welding Task Using A General Purpose Rutile Electrode. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1979;22:117 Karlsen JT, Torgrimser T, Langard S. Exposure to Solid Aerosols during Regural MMA Welding and Grinding Operations on Stainless Steel, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc 1994;55(12):