ZERO VOC COLORANTS A TO Z HIGH HIDING, HIGH PERFORMANCE, HIGH STRENGTH, IR REFLECTIVE

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1 ZERO VOC COLORANTS A TO Z HIGH HIDING, HIGH PERFORMANCE, HIGH STRENGTH, IR REFLECTIVE David White, Martin Grosche, Lutz Frischmann, Thomas Sowade Heucotech, Ltd., 99 Newbold Road, Fairless Hills, PA davewhite@heubachcolor.com, ABSTRACT The deadline for SCAQMD regulations for VOC s in colorants is fast approaching. Beginning January 1, 2014 the SCAQMD will regulate the VOCs in POS colorants with a maximum VOC level of 50 g/l. Many companies have made the switch many more are working on it. Green chemistry is changing rapidly. Colorants are no exception. Beyond the VOC aspects there are many changes taking place. Before the advent of 16 cylinder colorant dispensers, the paint chemist was limited to the conventional 12 colorants. Now with 16 cylinders, that color palette and pigment selection can be increased. It is now possible to make colorants that will provide hiding in a 1 coat application where previously it required 3 or 4 coats. This is due in part to higher hiding pigments as well as higher concentration of pigments in the latest colorants. Heucotech took the new pigments available and blended them to give reasonable close matches to their predecessors. Among the new pigments being used are high performance pigments. Red 254 offers superior hiding to the conventional pigments used in the R colorant. It also offers superior exterior properties. Yellow 184 and Yellow 139 offer superior properties to the pigments currently used in the AXX and T colorants. IR Reflective pigments are becoming popular in many applications to reduce the effect of solar heat. TSR, total solar reflectance is becoming a popular vernacular in the coatings industry. These IR Reflective pigments are being incorporated into Universal Colorants to be used in Point of Sale (POS). INTRODUCTION The question today is when will you switch to zero VOC Colorants not if. With this out of the way we turn our attention to new developments in the Universal Colorants field. With the advent of dispensing machines that can measure as little as 1/384 th of an ounce higher strength colorants are becoming increasingly popular. You may say if I am matching a particular color in the same base these high strength colorants will not offer better hiding. You would be correct. It would however take less colorants and therefore have less of an effect on your paints properties. There are 2 other avenues that can be explored using high strength Colorants. You can eliminate a base and increase your Titanium load on your deep base and still hit the same colors. This offers greater hiding capabilities. The other scenario is to keep your neutral base but increase the amount of KX Colorant used. This leads to the same increase in hiding without changing your base structure. This will be demonstrated later in the paper. The selection of pigments available today and economically feasible is far greater than even 5-10 years ago. It is a well-known fact in the industry that colorants Organic Yellow AXX and Medium Yellow T 1 have poor hiding and exterior durability. Colorant Organic Red R has poor hiding and average exterior durability. 2 At Heucotech, we choose to look at high performance alternatives for these three colorants. We have also developed a line of high strength colorants. The high performance colorants are Red RD, Organic Yellow G/S BV, Medium Yellow YIS, Red TR, Yellow G/S TYG, and Medium Yellow TYR. The high strength

2 colorants are Organic Yellow AHS, Lampblack BHS, Phthalo Green DHS, Phthalo Blue EHS, Organic Red RHS, Medium Yellow THS, and Magenta VHS. The ecological contribution of NIR Reflecting pigments are, 3 Interior Heat management by reduced heat flux (Reduced energy consumption for cooling), increased lifetime by reduced thermal binder degradation, (Arrhenius-Equation k = A * exp (-E a /RT)) (Exponential increase of degradation rate in relation to temperature), Increased lifetime by reduced thermo mechanical stress HIGH PERFORMANCE, HI HIDING REDS In the past I have shown the advantages of the high performance, high hiding Red as such: Red RD R Colorant Red RD R Colorant Tint 2 oz/gal loading Neutral 12 oz/gal loading Figure 1. Red RD versus R Colorant. I will now demonstrate these advantages in a real life situation Red matched with Red RD 1082 Red matched with R Colorant Contrast Ratio Contrast Ratio Figure 2. Red 1082 Red RD versus R Colorant.

3 HIGH PERFORMANCE, HIGH HIDING GREEN SHADE YELLOWS Yellow BV AXX Colorant Yellow BV AXX Colorant Tint 2 oz/gal loading Neutral 12 oz/gal loading Figure 3. Yellow BV versus AXX Colorant. Color Values: (Tint Tone) Strength %, DE 4.35, DL Da -3.97, Db Yellow Matched with Yellow BV 0850 Yellow Matched with AXX Colorant Contrast Ratio Contrast Ratio Figure 4. Yellow 0850 Yellow BV versus AXX Colorant. HIGH PERFORMANCE, HIGH HIDING RED SHADE YELLOWS Yellow YIS T Colorant Yellow YIS T Colorant Tint 2 oz/gal loading Neutral 12 oz/gal loading

4 Figure 5. Yellow YIS versus T Colorant. Color Values: (Tint Tone) Strength %, DE 11.26, DL -2.15, Da 8.65, Db Orange Matched with Yellow YIS 0970 Yellow Matched with T Colorant Contrast Ratio Contrast Ratio Figure 6. Yellow 0970 Yellow YIS versus T Colorant. QUV RESULTS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE PIGMENTS VERSUS CONVENTIONAL PIGMENTS Board #23 Paint 1 Board #23 Paint 3 Board #24 Paint 7 Board #25 Paint 8 Board #26 Paint 2 Board #26 Paint hour reading- 12 Hours QUV, 12 Hours Condensation DL* Da* Db* DC* DH* DE Conventional Colorants T, AXX & R Orange Red RD, Yellow BV & Yellow YIS Orange Conventional Colorants T, AXX & R Yellow Red RD, Yellow BV & Yellow YIS Yellow Conventional Colorants T, AXX & R Red Red RD, Yellow BV & Yellow YIS Red

5 HIGH STRENGTH COLORANTS High Strength T Medium Yellow Yellow THS T Colorant Yellow THS T Colorant Yellow THS T Colorant Figure 7. Yellow THS versus T Colorant. Color Values: (Tint Tone) Strength %, DE 6.00, DL -1.06, Da 1.10, Db 5.80 Conventional T T High Strength Conventional T 2 coats T High Strength Figure 8. Conventional T Medium Yellow vs. T Medium Yellow High Strength Conventional T Formula- 4Y T, 4Y KX contrast ratio 91.96, High Strength T Formula- 4Y T, 5Y31 KX contrast ratio 94.60, contrast ratio 2 coats of T High Strength AXX Organic Yellow Yellow AHS AXX Colorant Yellow AHS AXX Colorant Figure 9. Yellow AHS versus AXX Colorant.

6 Color Values: (Tint Tone) Strength %, DE 7.47, DL -0.77, Da 0.87, Db 7.37 Conventional AXX AXX High Strength Conventional AXX 2 coats AXX High Strength Figure 10. Conventional AXX Organic Yellow G/S vs. AXX Organic Yellow G/S High Strength Conventional AXX Formula- 4Y AXX, 4Y KX contrast ratio 91.34, High Strength AXX Formula- 4Y AXX, 6Y18 KX contrast ratio 94.74, contrast ratio 2 coats of AXX High Strength B Lampblack Black BHS B Colorant Black BHS B Colorant Black BHS B Colorant Figure 11. Lampblack BHS versus B Colorant. Color Values: (Tint Tone) Strength %, DE 12.05, DL , Da 0.00, Db There is no side by side comparison for B Lampblack since even at 1Y B, 1Y KX it exhibits total hiding High Strength D Phthalo Green Green DHS D Colorant Green DHS D Colorant Green DHS D Colorant

7 Figure 12. Phthalo Green DHS versus D Colorant. Color Values: (Tint Tone) Strength %, DE 6.10, DL -3.79, Da -4.38, Db 0.97 Conventional D D High Strength Conventional D 2 coats D High Strength Figure 13. Conventional D Phthalo Green vs. D Phthalo Green High Strength Conventional D Formula- 1Y D, 2Y KX contrast ratio 92.03, High Strength D Formula- 1Y D, 3Y43 KX contrast ratio 98.87, contrast ratio 2 coats of D High Strength E Phthalo Blue Blue EHS E Colorant Blue EHS E Colorant Blue EHS E Colorant Figure 14. Phthalo Blue EHS versus E Colorant. Color Values: (Tint Tone) Strength %, DE 5.12, DL -2.88, Da -1.97, Db Conventional E E High Strength Conventional E 2 coats E High Strength Figure 15. Conventional E Phthalo Blue vs. E Phthalo Blue High Strength

8 Conventional E Formula- 1Y E, 2Y KX contrast ratio 94.73, High Strength E Formula- 1Y E, 6Y KX contrast ratio 99.50, contrast ratio 2 coats of E High Strength R Organic Red Red RHS R Colorant Red RHS R Colorant Red RHS R Colorant Figure 16. Organic Red RHS versus R Colorant. Color Values: (Tint Tone) Strength %, DE 5.95, DL -3.44, Da 4.80, Db 0.67 Conventional R R High Strength Conventional R 2 coats R High Strength Figure 17. Conventional R Organic Red vs. R Organic Red High Strength Conventional R Formula- 4Y R, 4Y KX contrast ratio 95.77, High Strength R Formula- 4Y R, 6Y12 KX contrast ratio 98.14, contrast ratio 2 coats of E High Strength V Magenta Magenta VHS V Colorant Magenta VHS V Colorant Magenta VHS V Colorant

9 Figure 18. Magenta VHS versus V Colorant. Color Values: (Tint Tone) Strength %, DE 6.11, DL -4.13, Da 4.34, Db Conventional V V High Strength Conventional V 2 coats V High Strength Figure 19. Conventional V Magenta vs. V Magenta High Strength Conventional V Formula- 4Y V, 4Y KX contrast ratio 97.92, High Strength V Formula- 4Y V, 6Y22 KX contrast ratio 99.01, contrast ratio 2 coats of V IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS- PRINCIPLE Urban Heat Island Profile Temperature [ C] Rural Cities with IR-absorbing surfaces (streets, pavements, dark roofs etc.) Suburban Residential Commercial Downtown Urban Residential Temperature in the city center is 2-5 C higher compared to suburb Park Suburban Residential Rural

10 Interaction of (pigmented) surfaces with (NIR)-Radiation (NIR)-Radiation Emission (Radiation and convection) Absorption Heat flux Paint characteristic: heat build-up 65,0 60,0 Carbon Black; max 63 C 55,0 P.Bk. 30; max 55 C Temperature [ C] 50,0 45,0 40,0 35,0 P.Br. 29 (1); max 49 C Titaniumdioxide; max 43 C max. DT 20 C 30,0 25, Irradiation time [min] heat build-up of different pigments until equilibrium stage (20% Pigmentation in Alkyd/Melamine) according to ASTM D4803

11 Pigment Characteristic: Total Solar Reflectance Titaniumdioxide; TSR 85% Reflectance [%] Chromium Iron Oxide P.Br. 29 (1); TSR 21% Chrome Iron Nickel Black Spinel P.Bk.30; TSR 9% Carbon Black; TSR 5% Wavelength [nm] TSR Spectra of different Pigments (20% Pigmentation in Alkyd/Melamine) TSR-value / temperature difference Heat-build-up*, Composite thermal insulation, 1/3 STD Temperature [ C] PBk 7-1/3 STD PBk 11-1/3 STD PBk 30-1/3 STD PBr 29-1/3 STD 35 measured at the surface w ith IR thermometer Irradiation time [min.]

12 A comparison of IR-reflecting black pigments (PBk 30,PBr 29) with IR absorbing pigments (PBk 7, PBk 11) shows dramatic differences in heat build-up * Measured in a closed box, interior walls Al-foil covered, 150W IR-bulb, electronically dimmed to 60W, 32 cm distance lamp-sample, contactless temperature measurement by IR thermometer, sample 100x200x22 mm Potential for energy savings depending on Climatic conditions Isolation Colour (TSR before / after) Cooling/heating energy sources etc. reported in literature 2 40 % (average 20 %) Haberl, J., and S. Cho Literature Review of Uncertainty of Analysis Methods (Cool Roofs), Report to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Energy Systems Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. CONCLUSIONS Superior hiding (contrast control) can be accomplished using Red 254 RD versus R Colorant (R188) Yellow 184 (BV) has superior hiding (contrast control) compared to the AXX Colorant. Yellow 139 (YIS) has superior hiding (contrast control) compared to the T Colorant. With High Strength Colorants, there is less colorant required, less of an impact on film properties and increased opacity. Existing color formulas can be matched using Red 254 (RD), Yellow 184 (BV), and Yellow 139 (YIS). IR Reflective colorants can lower surface temperatures in coatings. REFERENCES Heubach Presentation IR Reflective Pigments an Ecological Alternative, Dr. Thomas Sowade