Physical modelling URLs

Transcription

1 30 rd May 07, Prague Physical modelling URLs Radek Vašíček

2 Laboratory investigation Granulometry Particle size distribution (curve) Density (Bulk, Dry, Specific) Water content, Degree of saturation Consistency limits (Atterberg limits) Swelling abilities Swelling pressure, Swell index Permeability Thermophysical properties Strenght properties Physical modeling Small / mediate / real scale materials, proccesses, procedures, technologies Mathematical modeling - Demonstration of extr. long term stability

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4 Physical modelling

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9 OPHELIE On surface Preliminary Heating simulation Experimenting Later Instruments & Equipment

10 Surface test - studies behaviour of filling material and instrumentation in a disposal system - 5 years in operation - Objective of the Mock up: - Review: - chosen options for design and in situ testing of the disposal system - backfill material - disposal tube - monitoring equipments

11 THM (thermo hydro mechanical) behaviour of clay-based backfill material - studied in large scale - Material for the blocks: - 60% FoCa clay (swelling properties and low perm. - 35% sand (mechanical stability of blocks, reducing swelling pressure) - 5% graphite (improve thermal conductivity up to 2.5 W/mK - dry density of blocks 2090 kg/m 3

12 Design of Mock up OPHELIE - internal diameter 2 m, length 5 m - steel liner replaces clay host rock and the gallery lining, resist internal pressure (porewater and swelling pressure of the backfill material)

13 - 36 sections of blocks - thickness 130 mm - 4 sections concrete rings

14 Longitudinal view of OPHELIE experiment

15 Instrumentation - thermo couples, humidity sensors, pressure sensors total stress sensors - placement: inside backfill, on steel structure, on heating elements, on external side of the jacket

16 Saturation grade Corroded hydration tube

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18 Mock-Up-CZ switch presentation

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20 URLs 1) teaching Edgar mine, Colorado School of Mines, USA 2) commercial Hagerbach, Switzerland 3) Radwaste URLs 4) jiné podzemní laboratoře (fyzikální )

21 Edgar mine Colorado School of Mines (CSM), USA Operated by: Faculty of mining engineering Idaho Springs, approx. 70km west to Denver, Colorado, USA

22 History: Activities: Edgar 70-ties, 19. century Ag, Au, Pb a Cu mine 1921 rented to CSM teaching (CSM) research (cooperation with industry, state and federal inst.) training of employees in mining and mineral engineering presentations to public (accessible more then 800m)

23 2) Commercial - Hagerbach Owner: VersuchsStollen Hagerbach AG Location: Sargans, approx. 80km east to Zürich, Switzerland More than 30 years in operation More than 4,5km of galleries 3 laboratories on the surface and one mobile

24 Hagerbach - activities Research and development in underground structures Lab. tests on concrete and rocks Training, workshops, presentation Public activities Blasting training field and chamber CUC (Centre for Geotechnics and Underground Construction) ICST (International Centre for Safety in Tunnels)

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41 Deep geological disposal research

42 a) Only research b) on site URLs URL (Underground Research Laboratory), Kanada HADES (High Activity Disposal Experimental Site) Mol, Belgie Tournemire, Francie Asse, Německo Mont Terri Project Grimsel Test Site Stripa, Švédsko Äspö HRL, Švédsko Kamaishi, Japonsko Yucca Mountain, USA ONKALO, Finsko Bure, Francie Gorleben, Německo WIPP, USA (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant)

43 HADES, Mol, Belgie Mont Terri, Švýc. Yucca Mountain, USA

44 Underground laboratory HADES OPHELIE experiment URL At a depth 225m, allows a study of clay as potential host formation for high-active nuclear waste Boom clay sea origin, mineralogical composition: Illite 20-30%, smectite 10-20%, chlorite 20-30% 229 safeguards agreements Testing tunnel 100m, diameter 4m

45 EURIDICE European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of nuclear waste In Clay Environment HADES underground laboratory in Boom clays

46 HADES underground laboratory in Boom clay

47 1) Testing of materials Materials of canister: glass, concrete, stainless steel Tests are performed: in laboratory, in situ Long term tests - extrapolation Sampes of material are exposed to different impacts: clay, material of geotechnical barrier, atmosphere, gamma radiation, oxygen 2) Nuclear research Combined radiation/temperature test (cobalt sample+ electric source) Corrosion,migration of radionuclides, permeability, geochemical and geomechanical properties

48 3) Geosphere Hydrogeological research, 2500 km 2, observation of underground water Ability of clay to retain or transmit radionuclides: Pu-plutonium, Np-neptunium, Te-technecium, Cs-cesium 4) Geotechnical Research Access to underground Technology of construction, excavation, lining Comparison of presumption and real behaviour Tests of sealing and buffer materials It is necessary to develop new methods of LONG-TERM measurements of impact

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54 SKB s facilities The Canister Laboratory Nuclear power station Spent nuclear fuel Clab m/s Sigyn Operational waste Encapsulation plant Medical care, industry and research SFR Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory Deep repository for spent nuclear fuel

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60 SKB Äspö switch to slideshow

61 There is still a lot of issues to investigate