Objective: Classify metals, nonmetals, and metalloids based on their properties.

Transcription

1 Do Now Date: September 8, 2015 Objective: Classify metals, nonmetals, and metalloids based on their properties. Draw a table listing the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

2 Tuesday September 8, 2015 Today: W-Up, Notes & Practice, Density Activity HW: p58, #41, 48, 50a, 50b

3 To review Last week we looked at: Safety Bunsen Burner First 10 Elements Class Website Metals, Non-metals, & Metalloids

4 The Periodic Table Create a table to organize what we know about metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. You should have three things listed for each. From

5 Metals Properties:

6 Nonmetals Properties

7 Metalloids Properties:

8 Metalloids Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Astantine

9 Why Classify? We classify elements based on their similarities. If is classified as a metal we ll already know a lot about its properties.

10 Classification

11 Classification

12 Why Classify? Make predictions. Help make comparisons. See patterns. Make better decisions.

13 Elements All elements are listed on the periodic table. (e.g. H, O, C, Fe, Mg ) The combine to form compounds. (H 2 O, C 2 H 6, Fe 2 O 3, MgO ) When they combine we call that a chemical reaction.

14 H Hydrogen +1 He Helium No Charge Li Lithium +1 Be Beryllium +2 B Boron +3 C Carbon +4 or -4 N Nitrogen - 3 O Oxygen -2 F Fluorine -1 Ne Neon No Charge Warm-up Commit these elements to memory:

15 Atomic # 8 Group Six (aka 16) O Oxygen Found as O 2 in air called elemental oxygen. Forms -2 Ions

16 Atomic # 1 Group One H Hydrogen H 2 gas in nature Forms +1 Ions

17 Atomic # 5 B Boron Group Three (aka 13). Forms +3 Ions

18 Atomic # 4 Group Two Be Beryllium Forms +2 Ions

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20 Atomic # 2 He Helium Group Eight (aka 0) He gas in nature Does Not Form Ions

21 Atomic # 6 Group Four (aka 14) C Carbon Forms +4/-4 Ions

22 Atomic # 10 Group Eight/Zero Ne Neon Ne gas in nature Does Not Form Ions (Inert)

23 Atomic # 7 Group Five (aka 15) N Nitrogen N 2 gas in nature Forms 3 Ions

24 Atomic # 9 F Fluorine Group Seven (aka 17) Fluroine gas is F 2 Forms -1 Ions

25 Atomic # 3 Group One Lithium Li Reactive Metal Forms +1 Ions

26 The Periodic Table Create a table to organize what we know about metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.?? You should have three things listed for each.? From

27 Elements The periodic table lists all of the known elements. Elements are the simplest form of matter (under normal conditions).

28 Compounds Nitratine NaNO 3 xdf Photo from: /PeriodicTable/Elements/011/i ndex.s7.html

29 Compounds Sodalite Na 4 Al 3 Si 3 O 12 Cl xdf Photo from: /PeriodicTable/Elements/011/i ndex.s7.html

30 Compounds Starting bid: US $5.95 Time left: 3 hours 27 mins 7-day listing Ends Aug :42:24 PDT Add to Calendar Start time: Jul :42:24 PDT History: 0 bids Price: US $7.00 Sodalite Na 4 Al 3 Si 3 O 12 Cl Photo from:

31 Elements & Compounds Are there more elements or compounds in the universe?

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33 Do Now Date: September 9, 2015 Objective: Determine the density of an object to the appropriate significant figures. Copy & Complete: Density = mass / volume. Calculate the density of an 25.0 gram block of metal that occupies 10.0 ml of space.

34 Wednesday, September 9, 2015 Today: W-Up, Notes: Significant Figures, Lab: Determining Density HW: review notes and p 44-48, do page 58, #52, 60, 61, 64 (paraphrase question and answer)

35 Which weighs more Photo from Photo from

36 How you report your data. Only report numbers you can actually read on the lab instruments! The least accurate instrument determines the number of sig figs you can have in your answer.

37 Meniscus Be sure to read the graduated cylinder at the bottom of the meniscus.

38 Electronic Balance

39 Electronic Balance Image from

40 What s Significant? Include the number marked on the instrument plus one additional digit that you estimate. On electronic balances you can report the numbers show on the screen.

41 How you report your data. So A student finds the mass of an object to be 12.1g and the volume to be ml. They calculate the density to be g/ml. What s wrong here?

42 Significant Figures Two perspectives how you report your data, and how you read someone else s data.

43 Meniscus Be sure to read the graduated cylinder at the bottom of the meniscus.

44 Try this one.

45 Meniscus Be sure to read the graduated cylinder at the bottom of the meniscus.

46 Meniscus Be sure to read the graduated cylinder at the bottom of the meniscus.

47 An Example A plastic graduated cylinder has 1 ml calibration marks. What kind of numbers should you record? a) 34 ml b) 34.1 ml c) ml

48 How you read someone else s data. Big Idea: Sig figs give us a way of clearly communicating the accuracy of our data.

49 Practice on the web

50 Activity: Determining Density Each group must turn in one page with the title, purpose, data table (3 trials), calculations, and conclusion. The conclusion will be what you determined to be the density of the metal (include calculations and units). We will share these with the class. Put both partners names on the paper. Remember: the units for density are g/ml

51 Percent Error Accepted Value for Copper is 8.37 g/cm 3 Use formula in your notes. Remember: -- accepted value (also called known value) -- experimental value Also, Accepted Value for Copper is 8.37 g/cm 3 x and -x both = x

52 Practice: Percent Error A student measures the mass and volume of a piece of copper in the laboratory and uses his data to calculate the density of the metal. According to his results, copper has a density of 8.37 g/cm3. Curious about the accuracy of his results, the student consults a reference table and finds that the accepted value for the density of copper is 8.92 g/cm 3. What would be the student's percent error?

53 Practice: Percent Error Error = accepted value experimental value (8.92 g/cm g/cm3) error Percent Error = x 100 accepted value = 8.92g/cm g/cm g/cm3 = 6.17%

54 W

55 Do Now Date: September 10, 2015 Objective: Describe and apply the Law of Conservation of Mass. Copy & Complete: The Law of Conservation of Mass states that we cannot create or destroy matter. In your own words, what does that mean?

56 Thursday, September 10, 2015 Today: W-Up, Discussion: Metals/NonMetals, Notes: Conservation of Mass, Quiz Homework: Check Edline

57 Warm-Up: Determine the Density Mass of substance: 48 grams Volume of substance: 96 ml What is the density? When placed in water, will it float?

58 Will it float? A substance was determined to have a mass of 3.2 grams. It s volume was 3.0 ml. When placed in water, will it float?

59 Climate 1. What are the effects of climate change? (on) natural environment, humans, and ecosystems. 2. How do the effects of climate change vary in different locations around the world? 3. What do you think are the most likely effects of climate change where you live?

60 Climate 1. What are some factors that contribute to climate change? 2. How do those factors contribute to climate change?

61 Climate 1. What are the effects of climate change? (on natural environment, humans, and ecosystems). 2. How do the effects of climate change vary in different locations around the world? 3. What do you think are the most likely effects of climate change where you live?

62 W-Up: Hand Warmers What do we know about hand warmers?

63 W-Up: Hand Warmers How is the heat produced? Can we stop the heat from being produced? How can you test these ideas?

64 W-Up: Conservation of Mass Fe(s) + O 2 (g) Fe 2 O 3 (s) Before Reactants After Products

65 Conservation of Mass Conservation of Mass: Matter cannot be created or destroyed. Applies to any physical or chemical reaction. If you carefully measure the reactants before a reaction, and the products afterwards, the masses will be the same.

66 Conservation of Mass Does burning a match obey the law of Conservation of Mass? Does a tree growing obey the lab of Conservation of Mass?

67 Conservation of Matter

68 Conservation of Mass Source:

69 . Biosphere 2

70 H Hydrogen +1 He Helium No Charge Li Lithium +1 Be Beryllium +2 B Boron +3 C Carbon +4 or -4 N Nitrogen - 3 O Oxygen -2 F Fluorine -1 Ne Neon No Charge Warm-up Commit these elements to memory:

71

72 What are they trying to show here? -----

73 Characteristics of Metals Examples: Properties/Characteristics:

74 Characteristics of Nonmetals Examples: Properties/Characteristics:

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76 Friday, September 11, 2015 Today: Demo, Notes & Practice: Distillation Homework: Study Notes and Book

77 W-Up: Separating Alcohol and H 2 O H 2 O boils at 100 Celcius. CH 3 CH 2 OH boils at 78 Celcius. How can we separate a mixture of alcohol and water?

78 Distillation Animation from:

79 Distillation see p13 in your book. W From

80 Separating Alcohol and H 2 O Set up the apparatus shown below: Large Beaker

81 Separating Alcohol and H 2 O Make sure not plastic wrap is touching the hot plate! Turn the hot plate to under 100 degrees. The water should not be boiling! Once you have collected some distillate turn off the hot plate and carefully remove the apparatus. Let cool 3 minutes. Once cool, remove the small beaker and bring the distillate to Dr. B. We ll test it s purity (with fire).

82 Fractional Distillation Used to separate the components of crude oil. Photo from:

83 Industrial Use Photo from:

84 Products from Crude Oil Plastics, gasoline, heating oil, asphalt, pharmaceuticals, asphalt tar,

85 Demo: Distillation Key Points Differences in boiling points (a physical property allow us to separate a mixture of liquids. We are not breaking apart any compounds! Distillation is a very, very important industrial process.

86 How would you Separate the electrolytes and sugar from the water in Gatorade? Hint: Water boils at 100 C. Electrolytes (salts) and sugar boil at much higher temperatures.

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88 Additional Content

89 Explain the differences between an element and a compound. In your response include: ---A description of each (diagrams are helpful). ---Examples of elements and compounds. ---And, the evidence you could use to distinguish between elements and compounds. Describe the advantages of a well-organized system of classification. In your response include: --- Why it is useful to classify things. --- How we decide how to classify things. --- And example of a classification system (it does not have to be a chemical classification system but your example needs to be detailed).