UNCLASSIFIED AD DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION CAMERON STATION. ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA UNCLASSIFIED

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1 UNCLASSIFIED AD DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION CAMERON STATION. ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA UNCLASSIFIED

2 NOTICE: When government or other drawings, specifications or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related government procurement operation, the U. S. Government thereby incurs no responsibility, nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto.

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34 BIBLIOGRAPHY EBDON, R. A.., and R. G. VERYARD, "Fluctuations in Equatorial Stratospheric Winds." io.1ra. Vol. 189, pp , REED, R. J., W. J. CAMPBELL, L. A. RASMUSSEN and D. G. ROGERS, "Evidence of a Downward-Propagatinjg Annual Wind Reversal in the Equatorial Stratosphere." 5. d Vol. 66, pp , FARKAS, E., "Stratospheric Wind Reversals over the Equatorial and Tropical Southwest Pacific.", 21at i&. 4.;9. New Zealand Meteorological Service

35 I APPENDIX A Wind Statistics for Individual Stations These data are based on GCT and 12 GCT reports,. The period of record and the number of ionths of missing data are given at the top of the table. As few as four reports were used in obtaining the ionthly averages. Values are in meter per second. Phases of the annual cycle give times of occurrence maximum west wind to the nearest tenth of a month. (For instance, 4.3 indicates three-tenths of the way irough the fourth month, or April 9.) Phases of the 26-month cycle givetimes of occurrence of maximum est wind to the nearest tenth of a month on the 26-month calendar (see Introduction). Whole numbers afer to middle of months; thus,. corresponds to July 15, 1957.

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46 LO ID 4 wd cn w C -: 4 m ) U) C!.-4 wd c) I~~~l,- 4I I.4, N I I ~~ ) -UcQ to co co a) a) wd w Uw N ) c) wd c o oc c; m ci -4 w N4 o6 m 4 4. m) w L o w) CD v- 4o r- N c - D w I- C U) o C) L- U) C D z U) 4 6- L ) U ) D -~~2 I 4 ) ) CO ' cnton wlo w c q c I -4.. Lo Co e N toc. o Q m m N w L 4 2' f C-o ; L; c. 6 c 4 6 v --OI -: _ -: o! m m o! aq r- w L-m- COD c, ' - L - v L- N 4 3oI m w vi c4 u; todc ' ~ ) C D C C D D ~~~~~~~.. Uto- 4~~~~ ) ) C ) U C D 4 U -~~~~n 4d I - C. 7%, I 4 U)U)D ~ - D CD U) - C) - U D -. ) DtC -4 - CD r- D U).- I CD U. cu Al " I 4 I

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48 co)u (D CD M U) CD- ) LO N U CO) LO M) CM N CO to U)) t ) N1 CD CD L U) -C Nl U)I U- Nl O M o C-3 -l w; L, L,.4 ; C4 ; t-4 4 *4; L,; U)O to U) U) U) en N N L- ) U C- ) O m -4I C i -4-4 s U)N~~ C V ) (D co N C) U N- ) E) U wn, N) v) N c U ) U). N C13 CQ S).44 4 U) U) 4 N ~ ~ ~ ~ U 4 U ) t t U on U) - q O t= U) - o N w- N ) -o v -qc c; C c 4 4 C4 4 C6 3 1 w oo c) LO a 4) C C l onmc c : L - - D La LO W M Dc N q 4 U) w) v Ni w v... N t W2 t )- 'D CO U1 to ) 4)W M 42 m~ Nq - -.4O : -,t a 4 t ; 6C 4 U), o - U) N U) U).- 4 U) U -4 N U U) ) ~ NCU

49 q -t C6 E-: C) C; 6 4' ) CC 6 ) C ; ) U C; C) C3 o CC- U); o L: 4 v w N C) C C,,C C) c) Ul to,-r U) 'v m) r) m) m- co - o CO C' C C) co c) C C(3 OD U co C C w) C C) v CD od CoIC W M 1 " C 1-1 IqI I II! -1 V ~ CDCC CC CCa ) C) eq C ) N- mi U) o 1 I 1 1 ~ C U C) NI cc ' ~~ cc )q 1 tc 'C a)4c CQ o C)- C co Q ~ L- m) CC V 1 C! LD~ - ~ 1 CC CC-. -. C) 4 m~~ m 4 co (De -. 1 U)CC 1 LO 1 1 C CD D Q - CD? E- -o q m in - C; V; m Lo w U) CC '- TA C ),I C C. 1 U - C U) U. U 1.I 4 ~ I, I I C 1 c

50 Lo CO Ul C4 U) m mo N C-L ) O c! - w) U) o Lo, CO'4 ~ ) CO C 4 U) C U - C C) co U) C1 - - L- O- co Il ID - Cm C Nq. -- CO o U) 4 L L- ) C 4 U O ) C ) U ) C a- U) CO; U)i 4 C; U) ; t-: U) C; U) ) C 4U ; O W4 CD w Iq a -4 m4 L- I - Ue) -4 o tou c co~ C- - C; r4 U) t-: C- U) r) 4 - t: CD U I '-4.I 6 CO U: U)L6 ) U CO m- COU6O C 4 C C''I co Ie I "I C c U)) CO" C4 U). f C CO 4 Le ) C- U t:u 4 U CD O U) m- C) CO i m C ) U) ci U).I U) CO CO V) -4~~C C Id I 'a ID E )C CO C O O.4 C C "r O tq UD CD.1 N H E4 4 $ O w4.h U)- ) C- CO U) U C- ) U) U) C U) O U) C 4 U CO CO oou Ut ) C 4 C ) U O C- C O C ) U uoo.i.i.i U O - ).I U to~ 1 co r1 qo O CO 44Ue) 4 a CO 4o U) U) - - 'I C O C c-oh CO UO t- I w c C4 I. 4 ' )C CO LD C- U) U ' 4 OU,4 -I 4 ' C - ) 4 u; I v; I I I CO M1 OP.to' 4' COm 4 U ) ) 4 ' C 4 m ' ) 4 CO 4 Lo CO, U)U)U) ~ ~ 1 O C -C -4'4 ' 4' C O C o,. C ) C U)CoCO ' C..4 ~ CO O C 4' CO C U);U I" PA lk 8 CO.1 ) I C- CO C CO U) U).- ~CO ' -I )AL L. T

51 L-C) o. ~. C C Co -o Co -; Co o6 Co C Co Co j CoNC co o co Co Co w1 t1 o c Co Co w ci 4 m1 m m mc a) co c c c co')~ L o o C co C - Co 4'3 Co Co C Co '.1 C C oc o o Co - Co t6 C- Co C C m~ o Co o c Co,C~ L Co,-C Co Co. C ~ C o C o Co t Co L- Co C w mo o Co m Coi Co Co Co L- Co m1 a) tc 3 6 L( 4 o6 ; c; a;.c c m co 4 t, 4 4 v; c) C ) ~ mo Co 4 Co Co "I co Co Co Co o w- Co Co lo Co! o o co -w m- cc; Co Co ' Co Co Co r Co: c1 Co Co C I I I C- m I C- Co Co - L- o C o C -4o " o M - Co Co Co m oo I or-o 41 Co o ell m o w C w Co Co - m- Co m- 1 C CoZ Co C V; Cf c4 c4 4 cl mo c Co~o Co. - Co Co Co o Co ' C C c4 w Co wo~ (D m co Lo L CO 4D o Vo CoD 4o' o L Co 4' Co' a! c! C C Co c! -- o c o cl! c!l i '. c cnc 2 M - t- - L 4o w - qc! c Lo to o Co Co Co Co C- 4 ' o C C O C co Co6 Co Co ; to C U; - t- -. a; m co I I I I I ECoo o 4' 41 o' C o C C o - C o ' lo o C 'o Co - -? C - ~ oo w- 44 Co v;~ Co 6 Co; Co ; C o Co N m- Co C CD I I C I I 4..4 bo- Codo o C o = C o C o C t o Co C

52 '-4o 1- CD N a-o M CD CD -W C; eq CD CD " C; C4 t CD fr I qdc LO CD CD C! C C '' ) ) - - D "C e- - ' D CC.'4.C,1C - C ' C CD) Q' Lo AD W L- LZ Q' ' m' D Gq C co ' od ' vd 4 C o. cd') C I I oq CD wi m-' C' m LDD md m- (D -4 c c C - 4 Cq o CD c! CD c! C) -I C.! CD C- D c!.- D CD c" CoC to CD C - o' D CD "i o. CD -wc C) CD o a c " oc "C C C"C CDl C')o W)' o C> CDQ)C- D CD C D C ) oc - C CDDD D C C CD '4 C) " 'C D " C C" CD' ai' C D 'C " 4 C "4 C D C D C ' C ' o 'Sc Q CD o~ w of CC! c! q c4 cc 4) o 1 lo Cc q M o - o m a c C4I e4dc o D C'* 'C m - I CD CD CD o CD CD to D CD CDo4 toc -W -C I to4 C - c; cd CD; i "C "4 C') e ~ v; 'C; C CD cc; C CtoD CDCDD C C CD I C.- CD C. C CD D C '-I~ C - o md' I ~.'C-4 ~ C C C C 4 C C "'C -.4- ~~~ ~~~~~~~ ZD CD1:C q C ".1D~ C -I C ' D CD 4

53 Coq L o C) a; ~~ CD Co CN - Co C o C m4 o CoCOCOo Co Co CD o '~C o - ' - m ~ ~ C mo IL CD I Lo C) Cn C') COC o O.) C o o C o C- Co Coo CD ro Co Co C C ' C O Co Co o. I C- Coi Cot- CD 'oo - Co C CDo CD o - C) '4 o o4 I o' Co = C- C9I V Co o Co v Co Co Co C 4 cq Co4 CoCN C Co-C " I 4 4I m C--4 CoL O C').4 c' 4 C o ) C o o Co.) Co Co Co Co Co oto Co; v ; C t; U o C C La) t. CM CDD Co.3 Co C; Co Co Co C cc; " Co co C L- C I I I I I C)~C m!c)m Cc r: :C;C --.C)I C CCI) C " Co CD Co Co Co Co mo t. 1 - C Co C )4 CO Co M *4 '4 Co! Co C, Co I t t- C C I - - CD to4 Lo m Co L- C11 L- C9. Co Coz Co Co4.. ) 4 Q4,)4. C-C P. I I

54 -49- APPENDIX B Temperature Statistics for Individual Stations Data for the annual cycle are based on nighttime observations only. Data for the 26-month cycle are based on both GCT and 12 GCT obserjations, treated separately. Period of record is given at the top of the table. Continuous records exist at all stations except Lihue, Hawaiian Islands where some months are missing, especially at 2 mb. Values are in degrees Celsius. Phases of the annual cycle give times of occurrence of maximum temperature to the nearest tenth of a month. (For instance, 4.3 indicates three-tenths of the way through the fourth month, or April 9.) Phases of the 26-month cycle give times of occurrence of maximum temperature to the nearest tenth of a month on the 26-month calendar (see Introduction). Whole numbers refer to middle of months; thus,. corresponds to July 15, 1957.

55 C, 6 C4 C4 'w 'D C' cn c m m co Lo (D ; ; Q w4 to 6 6 a w -a- m o 4 z eq V4 N 4 co (D M4 v4n 4 D a q. D... I I n lo La w v -w -w w v L D V - Lo G! N o! 1- i c! 4 o! on n u l o L l l oq Lo u3. to u ;.4 c; '-4 N N o; c; eq~~~~4 - I I I I I '4 v4o4 c o " - m w t-~~~ ~ Dw ~ t-t I - t - t o Oo * c'o co N t q c- (D m4 w % m4 N Nm- N4 tn NOO -. t - to t- - - t- - t- - aq Z i a i i to

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62 Navy Weather Research Facility (NWRF ) 1. Meteorology. Navy Weather Research Facility (NWRF ) 1. Meteorology. A CLIMATOLOGY OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES 2. Stratospheric Circulations. A CLIMATOLOGY OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES 2. Stratospheric Cirulations. INTHETROPICAL STRATOSPHERE BETWEEN 1 MS. 3. Tropical Circulations. IN THE TROPICAL, STRATOSPHERE BETWEEN 1 MB. 3. Tropical Circulations. AND 1 MB., by Richard J. Reed. May p., in- 4. Climatology. AND 1 MB., by Richard J. Reed. May p., In- 4. Climatology. eluding I fig., 13 tables, 14 charts and 2 app month Wind andtempera- cluding I fig., 13 tables, 14 charts and 2 app month Wind andtempera- UNCLASSIFIED ture Oscillations. UNCLASSIFIED ture Oscillations. The recent discovery of a large quasi-periodic oscil- I. Title: AClimatologyofWinds The recent discovery of a large quasi-periodic oscil- I. Title: ACllmatologyofWinds lation of the zonal wind component in the equatorial strat- and Temperaturesinthe Tropi- lationof the zonal wind componentin the equatorial strat- andtemperatures inthe Tropiosphere, with an average period close to 26 months, has cal Stratosphere Between 1 osphere, with an average period close to 26 months, has cal Stratosphere Between 1 aroused new interest in this area and has created a need Mb. and 1 Mh. aroused new interest in this area and has created a need Mb. and 1 Mb. for climatological information which recognizes the ex- II. Reed, R.. for climatological information which recognizes the ex- II. Reed, R. J. istence of both annual and longer-period variations of II. NWRF istence of both annual and longer-period variations of i1. NWRF wind and temperature. Data ( ) from selected wind and temperature. Data ( ) from selected tropical stations are used to characterize the annual and tropical stations are used to characterize the annual and 26-month variations in the zone between 25' N. and 25' S. TASK month variations in the zone between 25' N. and 21* S. TASK 26 and inthe layer between 1 mb. and 1 b. Information and inthe layer between 199 mb. and 1 mb. Information is also presented on the long-term (1 year) mean zonal UNCLASSIFIED is also presented on the long-term (1 year) mean zonal UNCLASSIFIED wind and the temperature fields and on the short-period wind and the temperature fields and on the short-period (intra-monthly) variability of the zonal and meridional (intra-monthly) variability of the zonal and meridional wind components. wind components. Navy Weather Research Facility (NWRF ) t. Meteorology. Navy Weather Research Facility (NWRF ) 1. Meteorology. A CLIMATOLOGY OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES 2. Stratospheric Circulations. A CLIMATOLOGY OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES 2. Stratospheric Circulations. IN THE TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE BETWEEN 1Ot MB. 3. Tropical Circulations. INTHE TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE BETWEEN 1 MB. 3. Tropical Circulations. AND 1 MB., by Richard J. Reed. May p., in- 4. Climatology. AND 19 MR.. by Richard J. Reed. May p., in- 4. Climatology cluding I fig., 13 tables, 14 charts and 2 app month Wind and Tempera- cluding 1 fig.. 13 tables, 14 charts and 2 app month Wind and Tempera- UNCLASSIFIED ture Oscillations. UNCLASSIFIED ture Oscillations. The recent discovery of a large quasi-periodic oscil- I. Title: AClimatologyofWinds The recent discovery of a large quasi-periodic oscil- I. Title: AClimatologyofWinds lation of the zonal wind component in the equatorial strat- and Temperatures in the Tropi- lation of the zonal wind component in the equatorial strat- and Temperatures in the Tropi - osphere, with an average period close to 26 months, has cat Stratosphere Between 1 osphere, with an average period close to 26 months, has cal Stratosphere Between 1 aroused new interest in this area and has created a need Mb. and 1 b. aroused new interest in this area and has created a need Mh. and 1 Mh. for climatological information which recognizes the ex- U. Reed, B.. for climatological information which recognizes the ex- 1I. Reed, R. J. istence of both annual and longer-period variations of III. NWRF istence of both annual and longer-period variations of Il. NWRF wind and temperature. Data ( ) from selected wind and temperature. Data ( ) from selected tropical stations are used to characterize the annual and tropical stations are used to characterize the annual and 26-month variations in the zone between 25' N. and 25' S. TASK month variations in the zone between 25' N. and 25 S. TASK 26 and inthe layer between 1 mb. and 1 mb. Information and inthe layer between 1 mb. and 1 mb. Information is also presented on the long-term (1 year) mean zonal UNCLASSIFIED is also presented on the long-term (1 year) mean zonal UNCLASSIFIED wind and the temperature fields and on the short-period wind and the temperature fields and on the short-period (intra-moshly) variahility of the zonal and meridional (intra-monthly) variability of the zonal and meridional wind components. j wind components. Navy Weather Research Facility (NWRF ) 1. Meteorology. Navy Weather Research Facility )NWRF ) 1. Meteorology. A CLIMATOLOGY OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES 2. Stratospheric Circulations. A CLIMATOLOGY OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES 2. Stratospheric Circulations. INTHE TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE BETWEEN 1 ME. 3. Tropical Circulations. INTHE TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE BETWEEN 1 MB. 3. Tropical Circulations. AND 1 MB.. by Richard J. Reed. May p., in- 4. Climatology. AND 1 MB.. by Richard J. Reed. May p., in- 4. Climatology. eluding 1 fig., 13 tables, 14 charts and 2 app month Wind and Tempera- cluding 1 fig., 13 tables, 14 charts and 2 app month Wind andtempera- UNCLASSIFIED ture Oscillations. UNCLASSIFIED lure Oscillations. The recant discovery of a large quasi-periodic osci- I. Title: AClimatologyofWinds The recent discovery of a large quasi-periodic oscil- I. Tile: AClimatologyofWinds lationof the zonal wind componentin the equatorial strat- and Temperatures inthe Tropi- ) lotionof the zonal wind component in theequatorial strat- and Temperatures inthe Tropiosphere, with an average period close to 26 months, has cal Stratosphere Between 1 osphere. with an average period close to 26 months, has cal Stratosphere Between 1 aroused new interest in this area and has created a need Mb. and 1 Ivb. aroused new interest in this area and has created a need Mb. and 1 Mb. for climatological information which recognizes the ex- U1. Reed, B. J. for climatological information which recognizes the ex- I. Reed. R. J. istence of both annual and longer-period variations of I. NWRF istence of both annual and longer-period variations of III. NWRF wind and temperature. Data ( ) from selected wind and temperature. Data ( ) from selected tropical stations are used to characterize the annual and tropical stations are used to characterize the annual and 26-month variations In the zone between 25' N. and 25' S. TASK 29 2-month variationsin the zone between 25' N. and 25' S TASK 29 and inthe layer between 1 mb. and 1 mb. Information and inthe layer between 1 inb. and 1 mb. Information is also presented on the long-term (1 year) mean zonal UNCLASSIFIED is also presented on the long-term (1 year) mean zonal UNCLASSIFIED wind and the temperature fields and on the short-period wind and the temperature fields and on the short-period (intra-monthly) variability of the zonal and meridional (intra-monthly) variability of the zonal and meridional wind components. wind components. Navy Weather Research Facility (NWRF ) 1. Meteorology. Navy Weather Research Facility (NWRF ) 1. Meteorology. A CLIMATOLOGY OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES 2. Stratospheric Circulations. A CLIMATOLOGY OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES 2. Stratospheric Circulations. INTE TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE BETWEEN 1 MB. 3. Tropical Circulations. INTHE TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE BETWEEN 1 MR. 3. Tropical Circulatiunn. AND 1 MB., by Richard J. Reed. May p., in- 4. Climatology. AND 1 MB., by Richard J. Reed. May p., in- 4. Climatology cluding 1 fig., 13 tables, 14 charts and 2 app month Wind andtempera- eluding 1 fig., 13 tables, 14 charts and 2 app month Wind and Tempera- UNCLASSIFIED tore Oscillations. UNCLASSIFIED ture Oscillations. The recent discovery of a large quasi-periodic oscil- I. Title: A Clmatology ofwinds The recent discovery of a large quasi-periodn oscil- I. Title: AClimatologyofWinds lation of the zonal wind component in the equatorial strat- and Temperatures In the Tropi- lation of the zonal wind component in the equatorial strat- and Temperatures lathe Trojitosphere, with an average period close to 26 months, has cal Stratosphere Between 1 osphere, with an average period close to 26 months, has cal Stratosphere Between 1 aroused new interest in this area and has created a need Mb. and 1 Mb. aroused new interest in this area and has created a need Mb. and 1 Mb. for climatological information which recognizes the ex- II. Reed, B.J. for climatological information which recognies the ex- II. Reed, B. J. Istance of both annual and longer-perlod variations of DII. NWRF stoence of both annual and longer-period variations of M. NWRF wind and temperature. Data ( ) from selected wind and temperature. Data ( ) from selected tropical stations are used to characterize the annual and tropical stations are used to characterize thn annual and 28-month variationsin the zone between 25 N. and 25' S. TASK month variationsin the zone between 25' N. and 25* S. TASK 26 and inthe layer between 1 mb. and 1 mb. Information and in the layer between 1 rb. and 1 rob. Information Is also presented on the long-term (1 year) mean zonal UNCLASSIFIED is also presented on the long-term (1 year) mean zonal UNCLASSIFIED wind and the temperature fields and on the short-period wind and the temperature fields and on the short-period )intra-monthly) variability of the aonal and meridional (Intr-monthly) variability of the zonal and meridional wind components. wind components.