INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE REINFORCED SAWDUST ASH AND SIC RAJU. K & JOTHIPRAKASH.

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1 International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): ; ISSN (E): Vol. 8, Issue 2, Apr 2018, TJPRC Pvt. Ltd INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE REINFORCED SAWDUST ASH AND SIC RAJU. K & JOTHIPRAKASH. P Department of Mechanical Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering Karur, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT In the Investigation work of hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite, Studies were made on the mechanical properties of the prepared composites of reinforcing saw dust at the different percentage with a constant percentage of silicon carbide(sic) particles. Bottom pouring type stir casting equipment was used to prepare the composites. The composites produced were subjected to mechanical testing and the properties of density, hardness and tensile strength were studied. The prepared composite was also analyzed for microstructure and found that the distribution of ash and ceramic particles are uniform and form a good bond in a composite. From the obtained results, it was concluded that there is an increase in the mechanical properties with the inclusion of hybrid reinforcements making the composites to become brittle. KEYWORDS: Aluminium, Saw Dust Ash, Silicon Carbide Particles, Microstructure & Stir Casting Received: Feb 18, 2018; Accepted: Mar 08, 2018; Published: Mar 19, 2018; Paper Id.: IJMPERDAPR INTRODUCTION Metal is reinforced with different metals, organic and ceramic compounds to form composites. To improve the properties reinforcements are added to the base metal [1]. By the use of hybrid reinforcements, there is an increase in different properties of the composite. The use of industrial waste and Agro waste has been recently used in different applications as to minimize the disposal. Alanemea has reported the Aluminium alloys reinforced with rice husk and SiC ceramics and found the improvement in its mechanical and wear properties of the composites [2]. Since Aluminium is used in all automotive and aircraft industries it is best choosen for Composite materials. The quality of surface finish and processing methods are also easy compared to other methods [3]. Based on the types of reinforcements, mechanical, Tribology and corrosion properties can be varied in metal matrix composites. Different reinforcements are added to identify the wear and corrosion characteristics of the composites. Composites are being made using waste items from industries, household items, and agriculture. [4]. For the use of such reinforcements the density of the composite is decreased and the porosity level remains same. The fracture toughness value of these composites is improved when reinforced with ash particles only [5]. The composites prepared with ash as reinforcement decreases density and increases hardness, tensile strength when the composition of ash is increased. For corrosion test, there was more resilience with acidic solutions [6]. The distribution of fly ash particles in the composite is subjected to several problems of solidification during casting [7]. The addition of fly ash particles into the aluminum alloy improves wettability, hardness, and strength of the aluminum. Aluminum 6061 with 12 wt. % of fly ash exhibits % high hardness and 56.95% higher strength compared to normal alloy [8]. Coconut Shell Ash and carbide particles reinforced on the pure aluminum metal influences the mechanical properties when they are prepared using stir casting process Original Article editor@tjprc.org

2 996 Raju. K & Jothiprakash. P [9]. Composite prepared by adding SiCp powders in Al356 by injection shows a better improvement in its mechanical and corrosion properties[10]. A ultrasonic method of nano Aluminum fly ash composites showed better properties in terms of mechanical testing and reveals good microstructures [11]. Aluminium 1070 and aluminium 6063 alloys reinforced with boron carbide particles are processed for advanced applications [12-13]. The present study investigates the influence of Sawdust Ash (SDA) and SiC particles in the microstructure and mechanical properties when the composite is prepared by using stir casting process. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS The composites were fabricated using a bottom pouring type stir casting machine for the study. The pure aluminum metal was weighed and placed inside the furnace. The melting temperature of 780 C was employed for melting pure aluminum. The reinforcement SiC was preheated at the temperature of 600 C about an hour and mixed with the melted aluminum along with the sawdust ash (SDA). The mixing was performed by a motor operated stirrer rotating at 600 rpm for about 5 minutes. The molten metal mixture was then allowed to solidify in a mold and then the cast aluminum composite was removed and subjected to various mechanical testing. COMPOSITION Figure 1: Photograph of Bottom Pouring Type Stir Casting Machine Table 1: Composition of Sawdust Ash Element Si MgO Al2O Fe2O MnO ZnO Na2O K2O O % Table 2: Samples Prepared Sl No Composition 1 Al+3%SDA 2 Al+5%SDA 3 Al+10%SDA 4 Al+3%SDA+5%SiC 5 Al+5%SDA+5%SiC 6 Al+10%SDA+5%SiC Table 1. Shows the composition of different elements present in the sawdust, ash which helps in identifying its properties. Table. 2. Indicates the composition of the materials used for the casting at varying proportions of sawdust ash and SiC particles. Impact Factor (JCC): NAAS Rating: 3.11

3 Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Aluminium Metal 997 Matrix Composite Reinforced Sawdust Ash and Sic MICROSTRUCTURE (a) Optical Image of Al+10%SDA+5%SiC (b) SEM Image of the Al+10%SDA+5%SiC Composite Composite Figure 2 Figure 2. Shows the composite microstructure reinforced with 10 percentage of SDA and 5 the percentage of SiC particles. Figure 2. (a) indicates the optical image of the composite showing uniform mixing of the reinforcements in the matrix. Figure 2. (b) shows the Scanning Electron Image(SEM) in which there is a dendritic structure formed during solidification. The SDA particles initiate the nucleation in the matrix. With the increase in the content of SDA particles, the nucleation formation is also increased to form finer grains. DENSITY Figure 3: Density Comparison of Various Composition of Sawdust Ash with Silicon Carbide Figure 3 represents the decreases in the density for the increase in the SDA composition of the composite. By comparing the composition of SDA the silicon oxide forms the major part of the SDA which weighs g/cm3. But the matrix material density is higher. When this SDA ash is added to the matrix material the lower density combines and decreases the overall density of the prepared composites. When comparing the density of the composite when reinforced with ceramics it is found that the density is increased in the composite. The cause of the increase is that the ceramic density is much higher than the density of pure alloy. Therefore the density of the composite reinforced with ceramics shows the increase when compared to the composites with SDA. From the figure 3, it is observed that for both the composite with and without ceramic reinforcements there is a decrease in densities on the addition of SDA. This effect is due to the Silicon editor@tjprc.org

4 998 Raju. K & Jothiprakash. P oxide particles in the SDA. HARDNESS Figure 4 represents the increase in the hardness of the composites for the increase in the percentage of SDA composition. By comparing the composition of the SDA, the oxide elements shown in Table.1 increases the hardness of the composites. Figure 4: Hardness Comparison of Different Composition of Sawdust Ash with Silicon Carbide When this SDA is added to the matrix material the hardness increases and when compared with the hardness of the composites reinforced with ceramics it is found that there is a decrease in the hardness of the composite. This is due to the reason where the density of ceramics is much higher and thus it leads to the increase in hardness value of the composite. Thus the hardness of the composite reinforced with ceramics shows the increased value when compared to the hardness of the composites with SDA. From the figure 4, it is observed that for both the composite with and without a ceramic reinforcements shows an increase in the value, but for ceramic reinforcement, there is a higher increase as compared to SDA reinforcement. TENSILE STRENGTH From Figure 5 it is clearly understood that the tensile strength of the composite increases for the increase in the percentage of reinforcements. By comparing the composition of the SDA and SiC, the tensile strength of SiC added reinforcement shows much better improvement than the reinforced composite without SiC. This is due to the presence of SiC reinforcements which takes much force while pulling, leading to a brittle fracture. Figure 5: Tensile Strength for Different Composition of Sawdust Ash with Silicon Carbide Impact Factor (JCC): NAAS Rating: 3.11

5 Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Aluminium Metal 999 Matrix Composite Reinforced Sawdust Ash and Sic But in case of SDA reinforced composite, the failure happens to be ductile at a lower force. It is clearly identified that the addition of reinforcements increases the tensile strength compared to the base metal. Further, the strength can also be increased by increasing the percentage of SiC particles in the composite. The reason for the increase in tensile properties of the composite reinforced with SDA is the presence of elements shown in Table.1which are obviously oxide and spots in the matrix and ties up the particles in a composite matrix. CONCLUSIONS From the investigation conducted the following were concluded. The composite was prepared by stir casting technique with pure aluminum as base material reinforced with sawdust ash and SiC particles. The composite was analyzed for microstructure and found a uniform distribution of ash and ceramic particles throughout the matrix. The composites created by reinforcing SDA only showed the decreasing tendency towards density even when the composition is increased. The accumulation of the Ceramic particles keeps increasing the density to an obvious point, but less than the pure metal because of higher ash content. The hardness result of the composite revealed that the increase in ash content increases hardness. At the same time addition of ceramic particles in the matrix also increases the hardness. The noticeable increase in the values of tensile Strength was found in the composite reinforced with SiC particles compared to the composite reinforced with SDA. The increased was due to the ceramic particles present in the composite which act as a load -bearing element. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors are grateful to the students who involved in this study and the staff members who helped, directly and indirectly, to carry out this research work. REFERENCES 1. Vijaya Ramnath, B, Elanchezhian, C, Annamalai R, Aravind. S, Sri Ananda Atreya T, Vignesh V, Subramanian.C, (2014). Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites - A Review, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 38, Pg.55-60, Keneth Kanayo Alaneme, Idris B. Akintunde, Peter Apata Olubambi, Tolulope M. Adewale, Fabrication characteristics and mechanical behaviour of rice husk ash Alumina reinforced Al-Mg-Si alloy matrix hybrid composites, Journal of Material Research and Technology, 2(1):60-67, M. G. Anantha Prasad, Nityanand Bandekar, Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum/ Garnet/Carbon Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs) Fabricated by Chill Casting Method, Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 3, 1-8, Kenneth Kanayo Alanemea, Tolulope Moyosore Adewale, Peter Apata Olubambi, Corrosion and wear behaviour of Al Mg Si alloy matrix hybrid composites reinforced with rice husk ash and silicon carbide, Journal of Material Research and Technology, 3(1):9 16, editor@tjprc.org

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