Study on character istics of a sh and slag from two k inds of hosp ita l wa ste inc inera tion s

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1 Acta Scientiae Circum stantiae Vol. 26, No. 12 Dec., 2006,,, [ J ]., 26 (12) : L iu H Q, Cai J J, Q ing P F, et al Study on characteristics of ash and slag from two kinds of hosp ital waste incinerations[ J ]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 26 (12) : , 3,,, : : : :, X2 X, 31. 2% 34. 6%, Cl SO 3, CaSO 4 NaCl, Cd Zn Pb, ; 2,., 2, 2 : ; ; ;; : (2006) : X : A Study on character istics of a sh and slag from two k inds of hosp ita l wa ste inc inera tion s L IU Hanqiao, CA I J iuju 3, Q IN Pengfei, TIAN Dongqing SEPA Key Laboratory on Eco2industry, Northeastern University, Shenyang Received 17 May 2006; rece ived in revised form 20 October 2006; accepted 26 October 2006 Abstract: In order to evaluate the environmental hazards of hospital waste incinerator ash and slag and probe safety and effective way of p rocessing, the characteristics such as the chem ical composition, m ineralogy, morphology, metal contents and leaching behavior of heavymetal etc have been respectively analyzed on the bag fly ash and bottom slag in gyration kiln and fixed bed by using XRF, XRD, SEM and AAS. Results show the loss on ignition of the bag fly ash in gyration kiln and fixed bed is respectively 31. 2% and 34. 6%, and they have high contents of chloride, sulphate, alkila metal which the major crystalline phases is CaSO 4 and NaCl. Moreover, The leaching concentratio of Cd, Zn and Pb in bag fly ash exeeds the landfill allowable thresholds of the hazardous waste, the leaching behaviors of heavy metals are possibly realted to the irregular sponge2like porous particles with smaller spheres. Besides, the bottom slag mainly consistes of silicates with low leachability, so it may be classfied as non2hazardous wastes. Keywords: hosp ital waste; ash; slag; heavy metal; leachability 1( Introduction),, t,1780 t (, 2005).,.,,.,,,., 30% 3%(Barbieri et a l., 2002),. (, 2005),, : (973) (No. 2005CB724206) Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2005CB724206) : (1973 ),, ; 3 ( ), E2mail: rcjj@mail. neu. edu. cn B iography: L IU Hanqiao (1973 ), male, Ph. D. candidate; 3 Correspond ing author, E2mail: rcjj@mail. neu. edu. cn

2 12 : 2027.,,,.,,. (, 2004; L i et al., 2004; Geum 2Ju Song et al., 2004; Ib ez R et a l., 2000),. (Azni Idris, 2002),,,,. XRF XRD SEM AAS 2,. 2 (Materials and methods) 2. 1, 2 2,15 t d - 1, 5 t d ,, ;. 2 () ( ), 10% 2 4 : 2 ( FA1 FA2), 2(BA1 BA2), 4 1., 20, h, 2. 2 ZSX100e X2(XRF). (LO I) 600 3h. PANalytical X Pert Pro MPD X, 3kW, 60kV, 60mA, 0. 02, SSX2550 ( ) ( EDS) ( ),3. 5nm, , kV, EDS 144eV. SOLAAR S4 ( ) VP100 ( ), Hg, A s Pb,. 2 ( GB ), g, () 10 1, 8h, m 3(Results) ,, 3., FA1 FA2, FA2 CaO FA1,,Na 2 O K 2 O. FA1 FA2 SO % %, Cl % %, Cl PVC, Cl FA1 1131% F, SiO %

3 %,, CaO 10%, BA1 BA2 SiO 2 CaO A l 2 O 3 70%,. 1 Table1 Chem ical composition and LO I of incinerator and slag SiO 2 CaO Na 2 O A l 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 MgO K 2 O TiO 2 P 2 O 5 SO 3 Cl F LO I a FA % 15. 3% 11. 0% 6. 54% 6. 73% 3. 43% 2. 97% 1. 50% 0. 94% % % 1. 31% 31. 2% FA % % % 6. 26% 5. 10% 2. 84% 4. 78% 1. 23% 1. 09% % % 0. 40% 34. 6% BA % % 5. 30% 9. 75% 3. 11% 3. 15% 0. 97% 1. 12% 1. 16% 8. 53% 2. 06% 0. 18% 2. 37% BA % % 1. 99% % 2. 29% 6. 50% 1. 27% 3. 33% 1. 30% 3. 61% 6. 17% % a: LO I 600 3h 2, 1, 31. 2% 34. 6%, 3 5 (L i et al., 2004; Ying et al., 2003). ( GB ) ( GB ).,,. /, ( Ying et al, 2003).,, ;,,., BA2 BA1 2,,. 3. 2,, (, 2004; L i et al., 2004). 4 XRD 1, FA1 FA2 600., FA1 FA2 (CaSO 4 ) (NaCl).,, 1 XRD Fig. 1 X2Ray diftractogram of incinerator ash

4 12 : 2029, ;, (Lombardi F et al., 1998; Young Jun Park, 2002).,,/, ( Zareen, 2003). 1c 1d, 2BA1 (Ca 2 SiO 4 ) (A l 2 SiO 5 ) (CaMgSi 2 O 6 ) (Ca 3 Fe 2 ( SiO 4 ) 3 ) (CaCO 3 )( SiO 2 ) a 2c, 2,,, m, (Duchesne, 1999). 2b 2d, nm, Ca Na Si Cl A l O,, C,. 2e 2h , m,, BA1,, BA2,, Ramesh A ( 2001) FA1 /,. FA1 FA2,, BA1 BA ,, : Zn > N i > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd > A s > Hg, : Zn >N i > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd > A s > Hg. Zn Pb Cd Cl,,, ( Geum2Ju Song et al. 2 Table 2 Total concentration and leachate concentration of ash FA2 /, 2004). Cu, CuCu 2 O, ClCuCl 2 (993 ) (Jung et al., 2005),,, Cu. A s Hg,,. N i Cr,. BA1 / BA2 / 3 Cu % % % % Pb % % % % 3 5 Zn % % % % Cd % % % % Cr % % % % N i % % % % Hg A s % % : - ( GB ) 3 3 : ( GB )

5 SEM Fig. 2 SEM photographs of incinerator ash

6 12 : 2031 ( ) ( Geum2Ju Song et al., 2004). 2, FA1 Cu Cr FA2,, ,., Cd mg L mg L - 1, Zn mg L mg L - 1, 2, ( GB ) 4 2), Pb,, 2.. Ib ez R (2000). Cd 3) Zn Pb Cd A s Hg, Cu N i Cr (L i et al., 2004), Cd, Cd. Cu Cr N i A s., 2 20,,, = ( c a / ) 100%, c ; a (10 /1) ; 2, Cd, % 10, 100 : E2mail: rcjj@mail. neu. edu. cn %,Zn % %,, Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > N i > A s > Hg. Pb Zn, Cd N i Cu Cr. ( ),, Zn Cu Cr N i,,,. Akiko Kida ( 1996),, ).,. 4(Conclusions) 1) FA1 FA % 3416%,Cl SO 3, (CaSO 4 ) (NaCl). Cd Zn Pb,. 2, Zn Cu Cr N i,, : ( 1948 ),,,, References: Akiko Kida, Yukio Noma, Teruji Imada Chem ical speciation and leaching p roperties of elements in municipal incinerator ashes [ J ]. W aste Management, 16: Azni Idris, Katayon Saed Characteristics of slag p roduced from incinerated hosp ital waste [ J ]. B93: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Barbieri L, Corradi A, Lancellotti I, et al U se of municipal incinerator bottom ash as sintering p romoter in industrial ceram ics [ J ]. W aste Management, 22: Duchesne E. Reardon J L ime treatment of fly ash:

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