Wire-shaped Supercapacitor with Organic. Electrolyte Fabricated via Layer-by-Layer Assembly

Transcription

1 Supporting information Wire-shaped Supercapacitor with Organic Electrolyte Fabricated via Layer-by-Layer Assembly Kayeon Keum, a Geumbee Lee, b Hanchan Lee, a Junyeong Yun, a Heun Park, a Soo Yeong Hong, a Changhoon Song, a Jung Wook Kim, a and Jeong Sook Ha a.b,* a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea b KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea * Corresponding author. phone: jeongsha@korea.ac.kr (Jeong Sook Ha) S-1

2 S-2

3 Figure S1 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) mapping images of two sites (area 1 and area 3) on figure 1(a). S-3

4 Figure S2 (a) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The survey scan of film consists of LbL-deposited MWCNTs and VO x coated on top. (b) X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of LbL-deposited MWCNT (blue) and MWCNT_VO x (red) on silica substrate. XRD spectra of MWCNT and MWCNT_VO x were analyzed since vanadium oxide grows on top of MWCNT surface in this work. As shown in Figure S2, the XRD spectrum of MWCNT film shows major peaks at 26, 43.8, 51.5, and 53.8 which are equivalent to (002), (100), (102), and (004) plane of MWCNTs according to the references. 1-6 The XRD spectrum of MWCNT_VO x exhibits similar peaks as those of MWCNTs: The XRD spectrum of MWCNT_VO x exhibits diffraction peaks at 26, 43.8, and 54.6, which can be assigned to (110) of orthorhombic V 2 O 5, (411) of orthorhombic V 2 O 5 or (012) of M1 phase VO 2, and (220) of M1 phase VO 2, respectively, according to references that discuss the crystallinity of vanadium oxides in various oxidation states The XRD spectrum is consistent with the XPS results shown in Figure 2(d) in that vanadium oxide deposited may exist in both VO 2 and V 2 O 5 form. However, when compared with the XRD spectrum of MWCNT, the peak positions overlap with those observed in MWCNT with different intensity. As mentioned in the manuscript and shown in EDXS data in Figure 2(c), the amount of vanadium oxide deposited on MWCNT is almost negligible compared to that of MWCNT. Therefore, we cannot be certain if peaks observed in XRD spectrum of MWCNT_VO x are attributed to VO x, since the amount of VO x deposited may be too small and dispersed to be detected. Thus it is difficult to say if VO x grown on top of MWCNT is VO 2 (M1) or amorphous. S-4

5 Figure S3 Electrochemical properties of AMV electrode in 1M LiClO 4 solution, with Pt wire as a counter electrode and Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode. (a) CV curves in scan rates from 0.01 V s -1 to 0.5 V s -1. (b) GCD curves in current densities from 1 ma cm -2 to 6 ma cm -2. S-5

6 S-6

7 Figure S4 Nyquist plot of Au_MWCNT (AM) electrode measured in 1 M LiClO 4 solution with Pt wire as counter electrode and Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, respectively. S-7

8 Figure S5 Capacitance retention with variation of mass fraction of PC in electrolyte. S-8

9 Figure S6 (a) GCD curves of the WSS fabricated with AMV electrode in PC-ACN-LiClO 4 - PMMA electrolyte, from 1.0 V to 2.4 V. (b) CV curves and (c) GCD curves of the WSSs fabricated with AM electrodes and AMV electrodes, respectively. S-9

10 S-10

11 Figure S7 Nyquist plot of WSS fabricated with (a) AM and (b) AMV electrodes. S-11

12 S-12

13 Figure S8 (a) CV and (b) GCD curves of WSS with and without ecoflex encapsulation. S-13

14 Figure S9 GCD curves of WSS at various bending radius. S-14

15 References (1) Woo, S.; Kim, Y.-R.; Chung, T. D.; Piao, Y.; Kim, H. Synthesis of a Graphene Carbon Nanotube Composite and Its Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide. Electrochimica Acta 2012, 59, (2) Zhu, Q.-G.; Sujari, A. N. A.; Ab Ghani, S. Mwcnt Modified Composite Pencil Graphite Electrodes Fabricated by Direct Dripping and Electrophoretic Deposition Methods: A Comparison Study. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2013, 160, B23-B29. (3) Irfan, M.; Basri, H.; Irfan, M.; Lau, W.-J. An Acid Functionalized Mwcnt/Pvp Nanocomposite as a New Additive for Fabrication of an Ultrafiltration Membrane with Improved Anti-Fouling Resistance. RSC Advances 2015, 5, (4) Cheng, Y.; Li, W.; Fan, X.; Liu, J.; Xu, W.; Yan, C. Modified Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Ag Nanoparticle Composite Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Solution. Electrochimica Acta 2013, 111, (5) Li, H.; Liu, Z.; Yang, S.; Zhao, Y.; Feng, Y.; Bakenov, Z.; Zhang, C.; Yin, F. Facile Synthesis of Zno Nanoparticles on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as High-Performance Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Materials 2017, 10, (6) Pal, A. K.; Roy, R. K.; Mandal, S. K.; Gupta, S.; Deb, B. Electrodeposited Carbon Nanotube Thin Films. Thin Solid Films 2005, 476, (7) Zhao, L.; Miao, L.; Liu, C.; Li, C.; Asaka, T.; Kang, Y.; Iwamoto, Y.; Tanemura, S.; Gu, H.; Su, H. Solution-Processed Vo2-Sio2 Composite Films with Simultaneously Enhanced S-15

16 Luminous Transmittance, Solar Modulation Ability and Anti-Oxidation Property. Scientific Reports 2014, 4, (8) Pan, A.; Zhang, J.-G.; Nie, Z.; Cao, G.; Arey, B. W.; Li, G.; Liang, S.-q.; Liu, J. Facile Synthesized Nanorod Structured Vanadium Pentoxide for High-Rate Lithium Batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2010, 20, (9) Yu, H.; Rui, X.; Tan, H.; Chen, J.; Huang, X.; Xu, C.; Liu, W.; Yu, D. Y. W.; Hng, H. H.; Hoster, H. E.; Yan, Q. Cu Doped V2o5 Flowers as Cathode Material for High-Performance Lithium Ion Batteries. Nanoscale 2013, 5, (10) Whittaker, L.; Wu, T.-L.; Patridge, C. J.; Sambandamurthy, G.; Banerjee, S. Distinctive Finite Size Effects on the Phase Diagram and Metal-Insulator Transitions of Tungsten-Doped Vanadium(Iv) Oxide. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011, 21, S-16