GRAPHITE TOWER INTERNALS

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1 GRAPHITE TOWER INTERNALS PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION Engineering tomorrow s corrosion solutions today

2 SOLUTIONS Koch Knight, LLC is the single source for the most demanding corrosion solutions. Our products and services are available worldwide through our global network of manufacturing and outsourcing facilities. We focus on providing responsive, customerfocused solutions for complex situations using the most advanced technology and materials. Our goal is to offer clients a complete package of corrosion resistant process equipment protection, from engineering, design, installation, implementation and supervision. We provide support and service after install completion to make sure you are protected. The services and materials we offer will not only help protect your facility and workers, but will help protect the environment and especially meet EPA and other government regulations. Koch Knight, LLC is a chosen worldwide leader in chemical and corrosion protection. Graphite Tower Internals Koch Knight offers tower internals fabricated of corrosion resistant graphite. They are suitable for service in hot alkalies and fluorides. Graphite internals are commonly specified for hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric and phosphoric acid service both in production and bypass scrubbing towers. Graphite is not recommended for service in highly oxidizing conditions. Our fine grade graphite provides excellent mechanical properties and machinability for complex geometries. Internals manufactured by Koch Knight are supplied as custom designed liquid distributors, packing holddowns, packing supports. All internals are machined from solid graphite to tight tolerances APPLICATIONS Absorbers Concentrators Direct Contact heat exchangers Strippers Scrubbers Knight s fine grade graphite provides excellent mechanical properties and lower porosity.

3 Model 508 Fine Grade Graphite Knights Fine Grade Graphite provides excellent mechanical properties and low porosity. Graphite is not suitable for highly oxidizing solutions such as concentrated nitric or sulfuric acid. The maximum serviceable temperature is an oxidizing atmosphere is approximately 457 º F (225 º C). Graphite Tower Internals Typical Data Bulk Density 107 lbs/ft 3 (1714 kg/m 3 ) Apparent Porosity 18% 18% Ash Content 0.2% 0.2% Compressive Strength Flexural Strength (4 point loading) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ( F ) (0-50 C ) Tensile Strength Thermal Conductivity Young s Modulus of Elasticity With Grain 5600 psi (38.6 MPa) 3000 psi (20.7 MPa) 8x10-7 / F (1.4x10-6 / C ) 2200 psi (15.2 MPa) 1260 BTU in/ ft 2 hr F (182 W/mK) 1.9x10 6 psi (1.3x104 MPa) Against Grain 5800 psi (40.0 MPa) 2000 psi (13.8 MPa) 1.6x10-6 / F (2.9x10-6 / C ) 1300 psi (9.0 MPa) 900 BTU in/ ft 2 hr F (130 W/mK) 1.2x10 6 psi (8.3x103 MPa)

4 Graphite Liquid Distributor Low flow rate distributors are offered in an orifice type, while high flow rates distributors are offered in a weir /tube type design. Larger flow rates with large diameter distributors are offered in a v-weir trough type distributor. Model 508 Orifice Liquid Distributor The Model 508 is an orifice-type liquid distributor designed for clean non-fouling service. This distributor is used in towers, ranging in sizes from 8 (200mm) to 42 (1070mm) ID, where access is available. Liquid flow is distributed to the top of the packed bed through a series of orifices. The number and size of the orifices are dependent on the liquid and gas flow parameters. In single piece designs, the annular space is also used in conjunction with gas risers to balance the open area and liquid distribution coverage. Each distributor is carefully engineered to maintain effective gas liquid contact over its operational range. Typical operational range is 2.5 to 3.1 turndown; however, custom designs are available for wider operational ranges. Graphite Liquid Distributor Model 508 Model 127/1027 Weir-Trough Distributor Model 127/1027 is generally used in towers with high liquid rates or fouling service. It allows maximum open area and V-weir (slots) minimizes fouling of the distributor during operation. Multi-point delivery along the length of the parting box is required for larger towers. Typical operational range is 4 to 1 turndown, but custom designs are available for wider operational ranges. Model 127

5 Graphite Packing Supports Model 88 Series Bar Support System Model 88 Series Bar Support System uses bars to support the packed bed. Spacing between bars varies depending on loads. With random packing, some type of secondary retainment is used to prevent tower packing from falling through the bar layout. These can be Lessing Rings, Cross Partition Rings or Grid Blocks. Typical bars are 1 (25mm) thick and 6 (152mm) to 8 (203mm) high with spacing of 2 (51mm) and maximum unsupported span of 72 (1830mm). Model 88 Series bars offer 50%-60% open area. Model 88 Multi-Beam Gas Injection Support Model 77/1212 Multi-Beam packing support design configuration provides excellent gas and liquid handling capacity. The multi-beam design incorporates gas injection slots for vapor and holes in the base of the plate for the liquid. This design provides minimum pressure drop. The free area is between % resulting in total pressure drop of less than 0.5 of water column. Our wide mid-span beam support for tower diameters over 69 (1750mm). Model 1212 comes as either a mono beams or split sets for larger diameters. All multi-beam support requires a ledge support. Packing supports do not require a bolting. Koch Knight bulletin TI-42. Model 1212 G-703 Packing Holddowns Packing holddowns are designed to contain the random packing, whether plastic, ceramic or carbon from being carried upward due to process pressure impulse variation or systems upset. Process variation or upsets can move the packed beds causing the media to break and wear. In order to avoid the packing media from breaking and being carried downstream and/or being introduced accidentally into the distribution system to confine the packing to its boundary. Our packing holddown system can either come in single unit for small diameter columns or multi segment for larger columns. Koch Knight bulletin TI-42. Model G-703

6 GLOBAL OFFICES Korea Office World Meridian Building # Gasan Digital 2Ro, Geumcheon-gu Seoul, Korea Phone: korea@kochknight.com Koch Knight LLC Headquarters PO Box Orchard View Drive SE East Canton, Ohio USA Phone: +1 (330) Fax: +1 (330) info@kochknight.com Turkey Office Eski Büyükdere Cad, Maslak Plaza No:1 Plaza No:1-M1/09, Sarıyer/İstanbul turkey@kochknight.com Chile Office Av. La Divisa 01011, San Bernardo, Santiago, Chile Phone: +56 (2) chile@kochknight.com Koch Knight LLC - Australia A Division of Koch Australia Pty Ltd PO Box 1451 Suite 6 Level Church Street Parramatta, NSW 2150 Australia Phone: (8) Fax: (8) australia@kochknight.com CAPABILITIES Koch Knight works closely with our customers in taking a comprehensive look at their applications. We offer complete solutions for the corrosion and processing application using innovative custom designs or standard configurations and materials. Our design and application expertise encompasses decades of engineering knowledge, experienced field crew installation, and maintenance and market leadership within the industry. Koch Knight offers value-added service with engineering support, custom design capabilities, personable customer service. We are your single-source supplier of custom design packages. Our focus is to provide customers with superior products and materials, world-class engineering support, high-quality installation and responsive maintenance. Visit us on the web: kochknight.com NOTE: THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS BULLETIN IS BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE AND RELIABLE BUT IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS IMPLYING ANY WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE OF PERFORMANCE. YOUR SINGLE SOURCE FOR TOWER OPTIMIZATION. REFER TO KOCHKNIGHT.COM FOR TRADEMARKS. KB-P3G PRINTED IN U.S.A. COPYRIGHT REV.2016 KOCH KNIGHT LLC