Controlling vacancies in chalcogenides as energy harvesting materials Li, Guowei

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1 University of Groningen Controlling vacancies in chalcogenides as energy harvesting materials Li, Guowei IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2016 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Li, G. (2016). Controlling vacancies in chalcogenides as energy harvesting materials [Groningen]: University of Groningen Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date:

2 Controlling vacancies in chalcogenides as energy harvesting materials Guowei Li

3 Controlling vacancies in chalcogenides as energy harvesting materials Guowei Li PhD thesis University of Groningen The work described in this thesis was performed in the group Solid State Materials for Electronics (part of the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials) of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. This work was supported financially by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO) NWO-CW Zernike Institute PhD thesis series: ISSN: ISBN (Printed version): ISBN (Electronic version): Cover idea: Guowei Li & Zhuojun Meng Cover design: Zhuojun Meng Printed by: Ipskamp Printing 2

4 Controlling vacancies in chalcogenides as energy harvesting materials Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. E. Sterken en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op maandag 7 november 2016 om uur door Guowei Li geboren op 29 september 1986 te Shandong, China 3

5 Promotores Prof. dr. T.T.M. Palstra Prof. dr. R.A. de Groot Copromotor Dr. G.R. Blake Beoordelingscommissie Prof. dr. B.J. Kooi Prof. dr. B. Dam Prof. dr. B. Lotsch 4

6 CHAPTER 1 Vacancies in functional materials: Perfect imperfection, from properties to applications Introduction Fundamental understanding Types of vacancies Vacancy creation Properties tailored by vacancy engineering Band structure tailoring Electrical transport Room temperature magnetism Applications in energy conversion and storage Lithium ion batteries Solar cells Hydrogen evolution Summary and outlook References CHAPTER 2 Sample synthesis and characterization Synthesis Hydrothermal method Solid state synthesis Structural and physical properties characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Mössbauer spectroscopy Magnetic Property Measurement System (MPMS) Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) References CHAPTER 3 High purity Fe 3 S 4 greigite microcrystals for magnetic and electro-chemical performance Introduction Method Synthesis Characterization Electrochemical measurements Results and discussion Phase and morphology characterization Mössbauer spectra Magnetic property Raman spectra of greigite Electrical transport properties Electrochemical properties Conclusion Supplementary information References CHAPTER 4 Band gap narrowing of SnS 2 superstructures with improved hydrogen production Introduction Experimental Preparation of flower-like metal sulfide 3D structures

7 4.2.2 Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution Results and discussion Material characteristics Photocatalytic activity X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement Formation mechanism Conclusions Supplementary information References CHAPTER 5 Thermoelectric performance of marcasite FeSe Introduction Method Synthesis Characterization Results and discussion Phase and morphology Magnetic properties Electrical transport properties Thermoelectric performance Conclusions Supplementary information References CHAPTER 6 Metal-insulator transition induced by spin reorientation in Fe 7 Se 8 grain boundaries Introduction Synthesis and characterization Results and discussion Phase and morphology Electrical resistivity Magnetization properties Mössbauer spectra MI transition mechanism Conclusion References SUMMARY SAMENVATTING ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6