APPENDIX 1 STANDARD RECIPES FOR THE PROCESSING OF PRESERVED HIDES AND SKINS

Transcription

1 17 APPENDIX 1 STANDARD RECIPES FOR THE PROCESSING OF PRESERVED HIDES AND SKINS Table A1.1 Process for goat upper leather Process Material % Time ph Soaking (Pit) I Soak II Soak N. I. (Non ionic) Wetting agent Soaking enzyme Lime Sodium sulphide h Liming Make a paste and apply on the flesh side and leave overnight. Next day, unhair and relime. Reliming (Paddle) Lime Run initially for, run 5 min/h for 48 h Flesh, wash Washing (Drum) 150 Deliming and Bating (Drum) Ammonium sulphate Check completion of deliming with phenolphtahlein Add Microbate h min Washing ; wash Pickling N. I. wetting agent Sodium bisulphite Salt Formic acid Sulphuric acid Add in feeds at intervals. Finally run for 1 h. Check ph Leave overnight. Next day, run for 0 min. half the bath. Chrome tanning Pickle Float 50 BCS (Basic Chromium Sulphate) 8 Cationic fatliquor Check penetration. Add water 75% run for 45 min. Basification

2 18 Table A1.1 (Continued) Process Material % Time ph Added in feeds at interval and finally run for h. Check ph , wash, pile overnight. The leathers were sammed, shaved to mm thickness and the shaved weight was noted. Acid wash Rechroming Basification Acetic acid Fat dispersing agent Chrome syntan Basyntan AN (Aromatic Check ph min 45 min 45 min Wash, ; pile overnight. Next day, wash and neutralize. Neutralization Added in feeds at interval, finally run for 0 min Wet finishing Relugan RE (Acrylic Basyntan DI(Phenolic min 0 min Add Vernaminol.0 0 min ASN(synthetic fatliquor Add Dye.0 0 min Check penetration Add Add Vernatan OS(phenolic Basyntan DI Basyntan FB6 (Resin Balmol SX 0 (synthetic fatliquor) Lipoderm Liquor FBII (vegetable fatliquor) Vernatan R7 (Resin min.0 45 min GS Powder (Mimosa) Basyntan FB min Fixing Formic acid.0 Add in feeds at 10 min intervals and finally run for 0 min. Next day, set, hook to dry, stake, buff, trim and toggle min

3 19 Table A1. Process for cow softy upper Process Material % Duration ph Soaking (Pit) I Soak II soak Liming (Paddle) N.I. Wetting agent Soaking enzyme Lime Sodium sulphide Run Initially for and then 5 min/h for 4h. ; Flesh and wash thoroughly in the drum Deliming & Bating Ammonium sulphate Sodium bisulphite h h 4h.5 0. h Check completion of deliming with phenopthalein., wash and drain. Add Microbate 45 min, wash,. Washing, wash. Pickling Sodium bisulphite N.I. wetting agent Salt Formic acid Sulphuric acid feeds at 10 min interval. Finally run for h. Check ph; leave overnight. Next day, run for 0 min. half the bath Chrome tanning Pickle float 50 BCS 8 h Cationic fatliquor Check penetration. Flood with 50% water Basification feeds at 10 min interval. Finally run for 1. Check ph., wash and pile for days. The leathers were sammed, shaved to mm thickness and the shaved weight was noted. Acid wash Rechroming Acetic acid Fat dispersing agent Chrome syntan Oratan 540 (Acrylic Check ph min 45 min 0 min 4.0

4 140 Table A1. (Continued) Process Material % Duration ph Wash, ; pile overnight. Next day, wash and neutralize. Neutralization Vernatan AKM (Neutralizing Sodium bicarbanate feeds at 10 min interval. Finally run for 0 min. Check ph 5-5. Wash/drain and wash/drain. Retanning Dyeing and Fatliquoring 0 min Check penetration. Relugan RE Vernaminol ASN Basyntan DI GS powder Dye 0 min Balmol SLW (semi synthetic fatliquor) Balmol BL II (semi synthetic) Balmol SX 0 Preservative Basyntan DI 0. Basyntan FB6 Fixing Formic acid 1.5 feeds at 10 min interval. Finally run for 0 min., wash and dry, pile over night. Next day, set, hook to dry, stake, buff, toggle and trim 0 min 4 45 min

5 141 Table A1. Process for sheep nappa garment leather Soaking (Pit) I Soak II Soak Process Material % Time ph Liming (Paste) N. I. Wetting agent Soaking enzyme Lime Sodium sulphide Make a paste and apply on the flesh side and leave overnight. Next day, unhair and relime. Reliming(Paddle) Lime Soda ash Run initially for, run 5 min/h for 48 h Flesh, wash. Washing (Drum) 150 Deliming & Bating (Drum) Ammonium chloride min Check completion of deliming with phenolphthalein Add. washing ; wash. Pickling Microbate N. I. wetting agent Sodium bisulphite Salt Formic acid Sulphuric acid h h Add in feeds at intervals. Finally run for 1 h. Check ph Leave overnight. Next day, run for 0 min. half the bath. Chrome tanning Pickle Float 50 BCS 8 h Acid stable fatliquor Check penetration. Add water 75%; run for 45 min. Basification Added in feeds at interval and finally run for h. Check ph., wash, pile overnight

6 14 Table A1. (Continued) Process Material % Time ph The leathers were sammed, shaved to -0.6 mm thickness and the shaved weight was noted. Acid wash Rechroming Basification Acetic acid Fat dispersing agent BCS Check ph min min 45 min. Wash, ; pile overnight. Next day, wash and neutralize. Neutralization 150 Ammonium bicarbonate Added in feeds at interval, finally run for 0 min. Check ph. Wash/; wash/. Wet finishing Balmol SXE(synthetic fat).0 Dye.0 0 min Basyntan DI.0 Balmol SX 0.0 Balmol BA 4.0 Balmol SAS 4.0 Preservative 0. Basyntan AN Basyntan.0 FB min Fixing Formic acid.0 Add in feeds at 10 min intervals and finally run for 0 min. Next day, set, hook to dry, stake, buff, toggle and trim

7 14 Table A1.4 Process for Buffalo softy upper Soaking(Pit) I Soak II Soak Process Material % Time ph Liming(Paddle) N.I.wetting agent Soaking enzyme Lime Sodium sulphide Run Initially for and then 5 min/h for 4h. ; Flesh and wash thoroughly in the drum Deliming & bating(drum) Ammonium chloride Sodium bisulphite Check completion with phenolphthalein Add Washing, wash Pickling Microbate Sodium bisulphite N.I.wetting agent Salt Formic acid Sulphuric acid 00 1h h h.5 h h Added in feeds at 10 min interval and finally run for h; check ph and leave overnight. 50% Pickle bath Chrome tanning Pickle bath Basic chromium sulphate Cationic fatliquor Check penetration ; Flood with 50% water Basification 50 8 h min.8-.0 Added in feeds at intervals and finally run for h; Check ph ; wash and pile over night The leathers were sammed, shaved to mm thickness and the shaved weight was noted.

8 144 Table A1.4 (Continued) Process Material % Time ph Acid wash Acetic acid 0.5 Fat dispersing agent 0 min Rechroming BCS min feeds at 10 min interval. Finally run for. Check ph. ; Wash and pile O/N 4-4. Washing 150 Neutralization feeds at 10 min interval. Finally run for., wash and Dry Wet finishing (Drum) 45min Check Penetration Relugan RE(Acrylic Basyntan DI(Phenolic GS powder(mimosa) Vernaminol ASN Liquor(Synthetic fat) Dye Balmol SLW(Semi synthetic fat) Balmol Sx0(Synthetic fat) Balmol BLII(Semi synthetic fat) Preservative Basyntan DI Basantan FB6(Resin Fixing Formic Acid 1.5 feeds at 10 min interval. Finally run for 0 min. Wash drain and pile overnight. Next day, set, hook to dry, stake, buff, toggle and trim. 15min 0 min 45 min

9 145 APPENDIX HEAT LOAD ESTIMATION FOR MOBILE CHILLER INPUT DATA Product Feed Rate = Hides 500 kg/batch/h Product Pre-cooling Time = 1 Hour Pre-cooling range = 40 o C to 4 o C Cpr of Hides = 4. kj / kg o K K of Insulation = 0.19 kcal / m h. o C Ambient condition = 4 o C, 70%RH, Chamber Condition = 4 o C, 90% RH, Air Change /h = 1 Light = 10 W, People = Floor Area = 8.74 m, Height =.44 m, (Floor area has been arrived at on the basis of the space occupied + space between the hooked hides+storage space for tons of hides + space for easy movement of goods) ESTIMATION A) Heat Gain by hides/h = M R C Pr T = ( 40-4) kj = 0.94 kw (B) Heat Gain Through Wall/h = a w T K where a w is the area of the wall and T is the difference between initial and final temperature = 9.8 (4-4) 0.19 kcal/h = 0.46 kw

10 146 C) Heat Gain Through Ceiling/h = a c x T x K where a c is the area of the ceiling = 8.74 (4-4) 0.19 kcal/h= 0.07 kw D) Heat Gain Through Floor/h = a f T K where a f is the area of floor = 8.74 (7-4) 0.19 kcal/h=0.064 kw E) Heat Gain by Air Change/h = M a H where M a is the mass of air calculated by volume of chamber x density of air = (108-17) kj = kw F) Heat Gain by Room Air/h = M a C Pa T = (7-4 ) kj = 0.49 kw G) Heat Gain By People/h = No. of persons Moderate metabolism = kcal/ h = 0.45 kw H) Heat Gain by Light = W 1. Con. Factor (Florescent lamps= 40W)= Btu/h = 0.14 kw TOTAL LOAD = A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H = kw =.8 kw ESTIMATED HEAT LOAD =.8 kw = 6.41 TR say 7 TR

11 147 Figure A.1 Mobile blast chiller - Plan Figure A. Mobile chiller - Section

12 148 Figure A. Mobile chiller - Front and side views Figure A.4 Mobile chiller - Front and back side views

13 Figure A.5 Details of container body and hook arrangement 149