Proton Induced Radiation Damage in Fast Crystal Scintillators

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1 Proton Induced Radiation Damage in Fast Crystal Scintillators Fan Yang, Liyuan Zhang, Ren-Yuan Zhu California Institute of Technology Jon S. Kapustinsky, Daniel C. Poulson, Jeff Wang Los Alamos National Laboratory July 17, 2014 Presentation for Proposal 6501 in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL

2 Why Crystal Calorimeter in HEP? Precision e/γ measurements enhance physics discovery potential. Performance of homogeneous crystal calorimeter for e/γ measurements is well understood: The best possible energy resolution; Good position resolution; Good e/γ identification and reconstruction efficiency. Challenges for future HEP Experiments: Radiation hard calorimeter for HL-LHC; Good jet mass resolution for ILC/CLIC; Ultra-fast calorimeter at the intensity frontier. July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 2

3 Physics with Crystal Calorimeters Charmonium system observed by CB through Inclusive photons Higgs -> γγ by CMS through reconstructing photon pairs CB NaI(Tl) CMS PWO γγ γγ July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 3

4 Existing Crystal Calorimeters in HEP Date Future crystal calorimeters in HEP: LSO/LYSO for (Mu2e, Super B) and HL-LHC (Sampling) PbF 2, PbFCl, BSO for Homogeneous HCAL BaF 2 for fast calorimeters at the intensity frontier July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 4

5 CMS Experiment at LHC PWO ECAL CMS is one of the four detector s at the 14 TeV LHC July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 5

6 CMS PWO Monitoring Response Degradation observed at LHC is due to ɣ-ray induced damage in PWO July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 6

7 Prediction of PWO Radiation Damage IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS (2004) Talk in CMS Forward Calorimeter Taskforce Meeting, CERN, 12/10/2010 Predicted EM dose induced damage agrees well with the LHC data July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 7

8 Proton Induced Damage Protons were found to introduce more serious damage in PWO than ɣ-rays G. Dissertori et al., NIM A 745 (2014) 1-6 Expected PWO ηη = 2.2 for 3,000 fb -1 LSO/LYSO ηη=2.2 For future crystal calorimeters it is crucial to understand proton induced damage Issues: data measured 300 days after irradiation by 24 GeV protons July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 8

9 Shashlik Option for CMS FCAL Upgrade A LYSO/W Shashlik sampling calorimeter is one option in the CMS technical report for the Phase-II forward calorimeter upgrade The compact Shashlik design is optimized for the physics at HL-LHC It is crucial to understand radiation damage expected at HL-LHC July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 9

10 Energy Spectrum of Protons The peak energy of charged hadrons at CMS endcap is several hundred MeV. The 800 MeV proton beam at the Weapons Neutron Research facility of Los Alamos National Lab Neutron Research Center (WNR of LANSCE) is ideal for the investigation of proton induced radiation damage in crystal scintillators. July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 10

11 Charged Hadron 3,000 fb -1 The expected charged hadron fluence is up to /cm 2 for the proposed Shashlik endcap at η = 3, which can be provided by WNR of LANCE July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 11

12 Proton Irradiation at WNR of LANSCE Environment/Source Flux on Crystal (p s -1 cm -2 ) Fluence on Crystal ( p cm -2 ) CMS FCAL (η=1.4) at HL-LHC / 3000 fb -1 CMS FCAL (η=3.0) at HL-LHC / 3000 fb -1 WNR facility of LANSCE Up to Up to One end of long crystals will be uniformly irradiated by 800 MeV protons July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 12

13 Proposal 6501: The Setup Six fast crystals will be irradiated by the 800 MeV proton beam at WNR of LANCE in steps with longitudinal transmittance measured in situ July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 13

14 Crystal Samples to be Irradiated July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 14

15 List of Crystals and Irradiation Plan Crystal ID Dimension (cm 3 ) Radiation Length (X0) Interaction Length (λi ) Weight (g) BaF2 SIC CeF3 SIC CsI SIC CsI LYSO SG-L PWO SIC ,561 PWO BTCP ,561 Irradiations are planned to be carried in five steps Total Integral Fluence Crystals (p cm -2 ) Intensity of the Beam (protons/second) Beam Spot Diameter on Crystals (cm 2 ) Irradiation Time (seconds) July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 15

16 Fast Crystals for LANL July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 16

17 Ultrathin (<1 mm) & Fast (< 1 ns) Crystals July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 17

18 Summary Precision PWO crystal ECAL played a crucial role in the Higgs discovery. While ɣ-ray induced damage in PWO crystals is well understood, it is crucial to understand damage induced by charged hadrons. The 800 MeV proton beam at the WNR facility of LANSCE is ideal for the investigation of proton induced radiation damage in various fast crystal scintillators. We request beam time of up to a week to irradiate large size fast crystal samples, including BaF 2, CeF 3, CsI, LYSO and PWO. Optical properties of these crystal samples will be measured in situ immediately after each step of proton irradiation. Scintillation properties of these crystal samples will be measured as well after the final step of proton irradiation. Results of this investigation are expected to provide crucial input for future crystal calorimeters in physics research and the proposed MaRIE XFEL project at LANL. July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 18

19 Expected EM 3,000 fb -1 The expected ɣ-ray induced dose is 100 Mrad at η = 3 with dose rate of 7,600 rad/h July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 19

20 ɣ-ray Induced Damage LYSO, BGO and BaF 2 are radiation hard crystals for ɣ-rays July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 20

21 Fast Neutron 3000 fb -1 The expected neutron fluence (2 MeV) is up to 5 x /cm 2 at η = 3 with flux of 8 x 10 7 /cm 2 /s July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 21

22 Fast Scintillator: BaF 2 (ZnO:Ga, PbFCl, YAP:Yb, CuI) LYSO:Ce CsI BaF 2 CeF 3 CeBr ❶ 3 LaBr 3 :Ce ZnO:Ga ❷ PbFCl Y 0.55 Yb 0.45 AlO ❸ 3 CuI ❹ Density (g/cm 3 ) Melting point ( ) Radiation Length (cm) Z eff de/dx (MeV/cm) Emission Peak a (nm) Refractive Index b Relative Light Yield a,c ? ? 2.2?? LY in 1 st ns (photons) ? ?? Decay Time a (ns) < <1 <1 d(ly)/dt a (%/ o C ) ~ ???? 40 kev Att. λ (mm) kev δ 90% (mm) kev δ 95% (mm) kev δ 99% (mm) a. up/low row: slow/fast component; b. at peak of emission; c. QE of readout device taken out 1) W. Drozdowski et al, IEEE TRANS. NUCL. SCI, VOL.55, (2008) ; and Chenliang Li et al, Solid State Commun, Volume 144, Issues 5 6 (2007), ) P.J. Simpson et al, NIM A505 (2003) 82-84; and E.D. Bourret-Courchesne et al, NIM A601 (2009) ) M. Nikl et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 882 (2004). 4) Zu-xu Cai et al, The fluorescence decay time and slow component suppression in CuI single crystal, Talk in SCINT2013, Shanghai. July 17, 2014 Proposal 6501 presented in 2014 LANSE NPAC Meeting at LANL by Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech 22