Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Ninth Volume)

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2 STP 1059 Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Ninth Volume) Samuel P. Garbo, editor ASTM 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103

3 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN): ISBN: ISSN: Copyright 9 by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1990 NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers. The authors addressed all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM Committee on Publications. The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of these peer reviewers. The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM. Printed in Ann Arbor, MI February 1990

4 Foreword This publication, Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Ninth Volume), contains papers presented at the Ninth Symposium on Composite Materials: Testing and Design, which was held on April 1988 in Sparks, Nevada. The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee D-30 on High Modulus Fibers and Their Composites. Samuel P. Garbo, United Technologies Corp., presided as chairman of the symposium and also served as editor of this publication.

5 Contents Overview STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS AND ANALYSIS Towards a Damage Tolerance Philosophy for Composite Materials and Structures-- T. KEVIN O'BRIEN 7 Certification Testing Methodology for Fighter Hybrid Stlructnre---K. B. SANGER, H. D. DILL, AND E. F. KAUTZ 34 Residual Tensile Strength of Graphite/Epoxy and Kevlar/Epoxy Laminates with Impact Damage---DOUGLAS S. CAIRNS AND PAUL A. LAGACE 48 Impact Damage and Residual Strength Analysis of Composite Panels with Bonded Stiffeners--RAM c. MADAN AND MARK J. SHUART 64 Some Observations About Test Specimens and Structural Analysis for Fibrous Composites--L. J. HART-SMITH 86 A Rational Development of Lamina-to-Laminate Analysis Methods for Fibrous Composites---D. A. PETERSON AND L. J. HART-SMITH 121 Failure Analysis of Bolted Joints in Composite Laminates---ROBERT A. JURF AND JACK R. VINSON 165 Ply-Level Failure Analysis of a Graphite/Epoxy Laminate Under Bearing-Bypass Loading--R. A. NAIK AND J. H. CREWS, JR. 191 DELAMINATION INITIATION AND GROWTH ANALYSIS Mechanics of Instability-Related Delamination Growth---JOHN D. WHITCOMB 215 Understanding and Predicting Snblaminate Damage Mechanisms in Composite Structures--E. A. ARMANIOS, L. W. REHFIELD, AND F. WEINSTE1N 231

6 Characterization of Mode! and Mode!I Delamination Growth and Thresholds in AS4/PEEK Composites---RODERICK H. MARTIN AND GRETCHEN BOSTAPH MURRI Three-Dimensional Analysis of Combined Free-Edge and Transverse-Crack-Tip Delamination--JOHN C. FISH AND SUNG W. LEE A Criterion for Mixed-Mode Matrix Cracking and Graphite-Epoxy Composites--- W. BINIENDA, A. S. D. WANG, Y. ZHONG, AND E. S. REDDY Fatigue Growth, Deflections, and Crack-Opening Displacements in Cracked Lap Shear Specimens---ANOUSH POURSART1P AND NARINE CHINATAMBt Delamination Fracture Between Adhesive and Adherends in Bonded Joints-- S. N. CHA]7"ERJEE, V. RAMNATH, W. A. DICK, AND Y. Z. CHEN DAMAGE MECHANISMS AND TEST PROCEDURES Matrix Toughness, Long-Term Behavior, and Damage Tolerance of Notched Graphite Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials--c. E. BAKIS, R. A. SIMONDS, L. W. VICK, AND W. W. STINCHCOMB Influence of Load Levels on Damage Growth Mechanisms of Notched Composite Materiais---A. RAZVAN, C. E. BAKIS, AND K. L. REIFSN DER Investigation of Damage in Composite Laminates Using the Incremental Strain Test--R. E. SWAIN, K. L. REIFSNIDER, AND J. VITTOSER Damage Development and Shear Modulus Degradation in Graphite/Epoxy Laminates--G. YANIV, J. W. LEE, AND I. M. DANIEL Analytical and Experimental Investigations of Composites Using Vibrothermography--s. s. LIN AND E. G. HENNEKE Evaluation of the Damage Development in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics by Monitoring Load-lnduced Temperature Changes--n. NEUBERT, K. SCHULTE, AND H. HARIG OTHER TEST AND DESIGN SUBJECTS Loading Rate Sensitivity of Open-Hole Composite Specimens in Compressions. J. LUBOWINSKI, E. G. GUYNN, W. ELBER, AND J. D. WHITCOMB Thermoviscoelastic Characterization and Prediction of Kevlar/Epoxy Composite Laminates--K. c. GRAMOLL, D. A. DILLARD, AND n. F, BRINSON A Failure Criterion Evaluation for Composite Materials--s. M. CRON, A. N. PALAZO'VFO, AND R. S. SANDHU

7 Composite Shear Moduli and Strengths from Torsion of Thick Laminates--- R. D. KURTZ AND C. T. SUN A Deformation-Formulated Micromechanics Model of the Effective Young's Modulus and Strength of Laminated Composites Containing Local Ply Curvature--JONG-WON LEE AND CHARLES E. HARRIS Experimental Investigations and a Model Proposal on Damage Mechanisms in a Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite CORNEL RIEF, MAXIMILIAN LINDNER~ AND KARL KROMP INDEXES Author Index Subject Index

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