Supporting Information
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1 Supporting Information Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-C(sp 2 ) Cross-Coupling of (trimethylsilyl)methyllithium with (hetero)aryl Halides Dorus Heijnen, Valentin Hornillos, Brian P. Corbet, Massimo Giannerini and Ben L. Feringa* Correspondence to: b.l.feringa@rug.nl Stratingh Institute for Organic Chemistry. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands S1
2 Table of Contents General Methods General procedure for cross coupling of TMSCH 2 Li with aryl halides Data of Compounds 2a-n,6a-k, 8 S2 S3 S3 S4 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of isolated compounds S10 S2
3 General methods: Chromatography: Grace Reveleris X2 flash chromatography system used with Grace Flash Cartridges, TLC: Merck silica gel 60, 0.25 mm. Components were visualized by UV and cerium/molybdenum or potassium permanganate staining. Progress, conversion and masses of the products in the reaction were determined by GC-MS (GC, HP6890: MS HP5973) with an HP1 or HP5 column (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). 1 H- and 13 C-NMR were recorded on a Varian AMX400 (400 and MHz, respectively) using CDCl 3 as solvent. Chemical shift values are reported in ppm with the solvent resonance as the internal standard (CHCl 3 : 7.26 for 1 H, 77.0 for 13 C). Data are reported as follows: chemical shifts, multiplicity (s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, br = broad, m = multiplet), coupling constants (Hz), and integration. Melting points were measured using a Büchi Melting Point B-545. All reactions were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere using oven dried glassware and using standard Schlenk techniques. THF, Et 2 O and toluene were dried and distilled over sodium. Pd-PEPPSI-Ipent was purchased from Aldrich and used without further purification. TMSCH 2 Li (1.0 M in pentane) and all the bromides and chlorides were commercially available and were purchased from Aldrich and TCI Europe. General procedure for cross coupling of TMSCH 2 Li with aryl halides. The corresponding halide (0,6 mmol) and Pd-PEPPSI-IPent complex (5 mol %) were dissolved in toluene (4 ml) in a dried Schlenk flask under inert atmosphere, and the mixture stirred for 5 min. Subsequently, a solution of TMSCH 2 Li (0,72 mmol, 1,2 eq.) diluted to 2 ml (to reach a final concentration of 0,36 M) with toluene was added over 1 h. by the use of a syringe pump. After complete addition, MeOH (1ml) was added to quench the remaining TMSCH 2 Li. The reaction mixture was transferred to a round-bottom flask, Celite was added, and the solvents evaporated in vacuo. The remaining solid was directly loaded on a silica gel column. S3
4 Data of Compounds 2a-n,6a-k, 8 (4-Methoxybenzyl)trimethylsilane (2a): 1 Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a yellow oil (SiO 2, n-pentane). [99 mg, 85% yield]. 1 H- NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.93 (d, J = 8.69 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.66 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 2H), 0.01 (s, 9H) 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 156.5, 132.3, 128.8, 113.6, 55.2, 25.7, 1.9. EI-MS m/z: 194, 179(100%), 121, 73. (3-Methoxybenzyl)trimethylsilane (2b): 2 Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [107 mg, 92% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.15 (t, J = 7.88 Hz, 1H), (m, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 2H), 0.02 (s, 9H) 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 160.0, 142.3, 129.1, 120.8, 113.9, 109.2, 55.1, 27.3, EI-MS m/z: 194, 179, 73(100%). (4-Butylbenzyl)trimethylsilane (2c): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid (SiO 2, n-pentane). [115 mg, 87% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (t, 2H), 2.09 (s, 2H), 1.63 (p, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (dq, J = 14.6, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 0.98 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.04 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 138.2, 137.4, 128.2, 127.9, 35.2, 33.8, 26.5, 22.5, 14.0, EI-MS m/z: 220, 73 (100%). (2,4-Dimethylbenzyl)trimethylsilane (2d): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [90 mg, 78% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.96 (s, 1H), (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 2H), 0.03 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 135.8, 134.5, 133.4, 131.0, 128.8, 126.4, 26.3, 21.0, 20.4, EI-MS m/z: 192, 177, 161, 73(100%). N,N-Dimethyl-3-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)aniline (2e): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [107 mg, 86% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.11 (t, J = 8.04 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (m, 1H), 6.42 (m, 2H), 2.94 (s, 6H), 2.07 (s, 2H), 0.03 (s, 9H) 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 150.6, 141.2, 128.7, 117.1, 112.8, 108.7, 40.8, 27.4, EI-MS m/z: 207(100%), 192, 135, 133, 73 1 Giannerini, M.; Fañanás, M. F.; Feringa, B.L. Nature Chem., 2013, 5, Das, M.; O'Shea, D. Tetrahedron, 2013, 96, S4
5 4-(4-((Trimethylsilyl)methyl)phenyl)morpholine (2f): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [102 mg, 68% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.92 (d, J = 8.26 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (d, J = 8.26 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 4.71 Hz, 4H), 3.10 (t, J = 4.86 Hz, 4H), 2.00 (s, 2H), 0.02 (s, 9H) 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d 3) δ 148.0, 132.2, 128.7, 116.0, 67.0, 50.0, 25.7, EI-MS m/z: 249(100%), 176, 73. (4-((Trimethylsilyl)methyl)phenyl)methanol (2g): 3 Synthesized according to general method with the slow addition of 1.0 eq. of isopropylmagnesiumchloride (2.0 M in THF) prior to the addition of the catalyst. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a brown oil (SiO 2, n-pentane). [75 mg, 65% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.18 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.58 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H), 2.06 (s, 2H), 1.91 (s, 1H), (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 140.0, 136.3, 128.2, , 65.3, 26.8, EI-MS m/z: 194, 179, 104 (100%), ((Trimethylsilyl)methyl)-1H-indole (2h): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [84 mg, 69% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.1Hz, 1H), (m, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), (m, 1H), (m, 1H), 2.20 (s, 2H), 0.03 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 136.6, 134.6, 124.8, 123.0, 121.4, 120.2, 109.8, 102.4, 27.2, EI-MS m/z: 203, 130, 73(100%). Trimethyl(naphtalen-2-ylmethyl)silane (2i): 4 Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a white solid (SiO 2, n-pentane). [110 mg, 89% yield]. 1 H-NMR: (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ (m, 3H), (m, 3H), 7.20 (dd, J = 8.32, 1.69 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 2H), 0.06 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 138.2, 133.8, 131.0, 127.9, 124,5, 127.5, 127.0, 125.7, 125.1, 124.4, 27.3, EI-MS m/z: 214, 141, 73(100%). Trimethyl(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)silane (2j): 5 Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless oil. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [116 mg, 90% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.96 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J = 6.8, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.59 (s, 2H), 0.01 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 137.2, 133.9, 131.7, 128.6, 125.5, 125.3, 125.2, 124.9, 124.8, 124.6, 23.4, EI-MS m/z: 214, 141, 73(100%). 3 Trahanovsky, W.S.; Lorimor, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, Huckins, J.R.; Rychnovsky S.D. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, Molander, G.A.; Yun, C.; Ribagorda, M.; Biolatto, B. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, S5
6 Trimethyl(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)silane (2k): 6 Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [100 mg, 72% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.48 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.10 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (s, 2H), 0.02 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 145.1, 145.1, 128.0, 126.4, 126.1, 125.9, 125.0(q, J = 3.8 Hz), 123.2, 27.4, F-NMR (376-MHz, Chloroform-d) δ EI-MS m/z: 232, 217, 140 (100%), 73. (4-Fluoro-3-methylbenzyl)trimethylsilane (2l): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [103 mg, 88% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ (m, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 2H), 0.02 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 160.0, 157.6, 135.6, 130.7, 130.7, 129.0, 128.2, 126.4, 124.2,124.0, 114.6, 114.3, 25.9, 14.6, F-NMR (376MHz, Chloroform-d) δ EI-MS m/z: 196, 181, 104 (100%), 73. ((2,5-Dimethyl-1,4-phenylene(bis(methylene))bis(trimethylsilane) (2n): 7 Synthesized according to general method with the addition of 2.4 eq. of Li-CH 2 TMS. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [147 mg, 88% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.73 (s, 2H), 2.17 (s, 6H), 2.03 (s, 4H), 0.02 (s, 18H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 134.1, 131.5, 130.5, 22.8, 19.9, EI-MS m/z: 278(100%), 190, 175, 73. TMS N 3-((Trimethylsilyl)methyl)pyridine (2m): 8 Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a yellow oil (SiO 2, n-pentane). [Full conversion, 30 mg, 31% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.31 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), (m, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J = 7.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (s, 2H), (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 149.2, 145.4, 136.1, 135.0, 123.0, 23.9, EI-MS m/z: 165, 150, 73(100%). 6 Tobisu, M.; Kita,Y.; Ano, Y.; Chatani, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, Bock, H.; Kaim, W.; Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, Wu, Y.; Li, L.; Li, H.; Gao, L.; Xie, H.; Zhang, Z.; Su, Z.; Hu, C.; Song, Z. Org. Lett., 2014, 16, S6
7 (Anthracen-9-ylmethyl)trimethylsilane (6a) 9 : Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a yellow solid (SiO 2, n-pentane). [143 mg, 90% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 2H), (m, 4H), 3.23 (s, 2H), 0.06 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 134.3, 131.7, 129.2, 129.0, 125.5, 124.8, 124.5, 123.7, 19.0, EI-MS m/z: 264(100%), 249, 191, 73. (2-Isopropylbenzyl)trimethylsilane (6b): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a yellow oil. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [105 mg, 85% yield] 1 H- NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.27 (dd, J = 7.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dtd, J = 14.5, 7.2, 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (dd, J = 7.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (hept, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.21 (s, 2H), 1.27 (dd, J = 6.8, 0.4 Hz, 6H), 0.07 (d, J = 0.5 Hz, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 145.1, 137.2, 129.2, 125.2, 124.9, 124.5, 29.1, 23.5, 23.2, EI-MS m/z: 206, 191, 117, 73(100%). ([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ylmethyl)trimethylsilane (6c): 10 Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [133 mg, 92% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ (m, 9H), 2.26 (s, 2H), (s, 9H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 142.5, 140.7, 138.2, 130.3, 129.7, 129.2, 128.0, 127.0, 126.6, 124.1, 23.5, EI-MS m/z: 240, 225, 165, 73(100%). Trimethyl(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylbenzyl)silane (6d): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a yellow oil. (SiO 2, n-pentane). GC/MS analysis showed 8% 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylbenzene. [182 mg, 85% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.25 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (t, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), 1.33 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 20H), 1.28 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 7H), (m, 2H), (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 149.7, 149.3, 120.2, 119.0, 38.9, 38.4, 34.9, 31.6, 28.6, 10.9, EI-MS m/z: 332, 274, 231(100%), 215, Kendall, K.J.; Engler, T.A.; Shechter, H. J. Org. Chem., 1999, 64, Sengupta, S.; Leite, M.; Raslan, D.S.; Quesnelle, C.; Snieckus, V. J. Org. Chem., 1992, 57, S7
8 ((9H-Fluoren-2-yl)methyl)trimethylsilane (6e): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a pale yellow solid (SiO 2, n-pentane). [145 mg, 96% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.76 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), (m, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (s, 2H), 2.21 (s, 2H), 0.07 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 143.5, 142.9, 142.0, 139.4, 137.8, (2x), 125.9, 124.9, 124.6, 119.5, 119.3, 36.8, 27.3, EI-MS m/z: 252, 237, 179, 73(100%). Trimethyl(2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)silane (6h): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a yellow oil. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [80 mg, 54% yield] 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ (m, 4H), 2.16 (s, 2H), 0.02 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 146.7, 133.2, 130.4, 126.2, 125.2, 121.9, 119.9, 119.4, 20.8, F- NMR (376MHz, Chloroform-d) δ EI-MS m/z: 248, 156, 90, 73(100%). 2,6-Bis((trimethylsilyl)methyl)naphthalene (6k): Synthesized according to general method. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a white solid (SiO 2, n-pentane). [120 mg, 66% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.60 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 2.23 (s, 2H), 0.04 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 136.5, 131.4, 127.8, 126.6, 124.9, 27.1, EI-MS m/z: 300, 299, 212, 197, 73 (100%). 1,3,5-Tris((trimethylsilyl)methyl)benzene (6j): 11 Synthesized according to general method with the addition of 3.6 equiv. of TMS-CH 2 -Li. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [165 mg, 82% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.39 (s, 1H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 0.01 (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 139.8, 123.7, 26.8, EI-MS m/z: 336, 335, 320, 248(100%), 73, 141, 73(100%). S8
9 (2-Methoxybenzyl)trimethylsilane (8): 2 Synthesized according to general method using 1-chloro-2- methoxybenzene. The product was obtained after column chromatography as a colorless liquid. (SiO 2, n-pentane). [109 mg, 94% yield]. 1 H-NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.08 (td, J = 7.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (dd, J = 7.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 2H), (s, 9H). 13 C-NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 156.4, 129.4, 129.2, 124.9, 120.2, 109.8, 54.8, 20.5, EI-MS m/z: 194, 179, 164, 149, 73(100%). 11 Mohapatra, S.K.; Romanov, A.; Timofeeva, T.V.; Marder, S.R.; Barlow, S. J. Organomet. Chem , 751, S9
10 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of isolated compounds S10
11 S11
12 S12
13 S13
14 N 2e TMS S14
15 S15
16 S16
17 S17
18 S18
19 S19
20 S20
21 19F NMR S21
22 S22
23 19F NMR S23
24 S24
25 S25
26 S26
27 S27
28 S28
29 TMS 6d S29
30 S30
31 S31
32 19F NMR S32
33 S33
34 S34
35 S35
36 S36