T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s

Transcription

1

2 T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s About Varel International... 1 Varel Cutter Technology Fixed Cutter Bit Nomenclature... 4 Fixed Cutter Features TOUGH-DRILL Bits Description Navigator Bits Description VB Series Bits Description Hole Opening Bits Description Specialty Bits Fixed Cutter Reference Tables Nozzle Series Nozzle Series Make-Up Torque Gage Diameter Tolerances Diamond Drill Bit and PDC Bit Connection Nozzle Total Flow Area API Casing Dimensions and Bit Diameters Drill Collar Weights API Conversion Tables Sales Office...Back Cover

3 V a r e l I n t e r n a t i o n a l A B i t o f a S u c c e s s S t o r y Performance reliability expertise value service. These are the cornerstones of Varel International, the world s largest independent manufacturer of premium drill bits for the global oil and gas industry. Varel offers a comprehensive product line of roller cone and fixed cutter/polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits that have evolved and improved through the technological advances and the engineering expertise of its qualified staff. Founded in 1947, Varel remained a privately held company producing roller cone air bits for the mining industry. In 1978, Varel introduced its first range of sealed bearing products and was merged through two subsequent acquisitions. The change in ownership further advanced and improved the company to the level of success it holds today as a world leader in both the roller cone and fixed cutter drill bit industry. The first acquisition brought a new management team that helped expand Varel and grow its capabilities and product offerings for both the global oil and gas/mining markets. During this time, Varel enhanced and expanded its engineering and manufacturing capabilities, adding fixed cutter bits and focusing on delivering value to its customers. Additionally, Varel increased its international presence by adding a significant worldwide sales and support team. The Technological Edge In 2005, Varel was acquired by KRG Capital Partners, a private equity firm in Denver, providing the additional capital the company needed to further expand its product offerings, proprietary technology and services worldwide. Since that time, Varel has aligned its engineering and manufacturing capabilities to provide products that consistently deliver reliability and optimum product performance, thereby lowering customers per foot drilling costs. Varel is centrally located with headquarters in Carrollton, Texas, just north of Dallas, where the company manufactures carbide inserts for its tungsten carbide bits and has an impressive roller cone manufacturing facility in Matamoros, Mexico. The company s state-of-the-art fixed cutter manufacturing facilities are in Houston and Tarbes, France. Varel proudly serves as a major drill bit supplier to many majors, large independents and national oil companies operating in the international and domestic oil and gas drilling fronts. Innovative, yet cost-effective drilling solutions for vertical and directional wells for land and offshore projects is what customers have come to expect from Varel. 1

4 V a r e l F i x e d C u t t e r D r i l l B i t T e c h n o l o g y Value Through Technology The drilling industry continues to see improvements in fixed cutter bit development. These gains, are having positive effects on drilling performance and are also reducing operational costs. VALUE THROUGH TECHNOLOGY There is still the need to improve rate of penetration (ROP), durability, and bit stabilization, especially in harsh drilling environments. In addition, performance efficiency in directional drilling programs also needs improvement. These challenges, if left unattended, will drive up drilling costs. As our valued customer, you have clearly stated what you want PERFORMANCE. At Varel, we are fully committed to bringing you VALUE through TECHNOLOGY. Our product development processes have been adapted to ensure technological innovations in the following disciplines bit design concepts, PDC cutter development and hydraulic performance optimization as they relate to specific applications and/or drilling challenges. Our elaborate R&D efforts have resulted in the development of the following product design tools GeoScience TM (formation drillability analysis), SPOT TM (bit behavior analysis and performance prediction), and CFD (hydraulic design optimization). In addition, we continue to develop unique PDC cutters for specific applications. Varel stands for PERFORMANCE. And we are committed to bringing you VALUE through TECHNOLOGY. 2

5 V a r e l C u t t e r T e c h n o l o g y Wear Flat Comparison The picture shows wear flat comparisons between standard premium cutters and specialized Varel high abrasion resistance cutters under identical conditions. High Performance PDC Cutter Application-specific PDC cutters, which incorporate advanced carbide interface geometries (CIG ) and materials science technologies, are used in Varel bits. The carbide interface geometries are modeled using finite element analysis (FEA) to minimize damaging residual stresses (axial, hoop and radial). This process drastically improves the impact resistance of the PDC cutters. Wear Flat Comparison Standard Premium Cutter Diamond grades are then selected, analyzed and prepared to maximize abrasion resistance (see chart below). Carbide Interface Geometries (CIG) Varel High Abrasion Resistance Cutter Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Normalized Rock Volume Removed (higher is better) Comparision of Abrasion Resistance Normalized Diamond Volume Removed (due to cutter wear) Varel High Abrasion Cutters Standard Premium Cutters Abrasion resistance comparison, at identical test conditions, between standard premium cutters and specialized Varel high abrasion resistance cutters. 3

6 F i x e d C u t t e r B i t N o m e n c l a t u r e Indicates that it is a VAREL product Product Line Type V TD 6 16 NX Blade Count First Digit Bit Suffix Feature VB616 PDC bit with oval cutters, lateral jets, 6 blades, 6 nozzles and 16mm cutters VN300 Natural diamond bit for medium hard formation VH813 Bi-center PDC with 8 blades and 13mm cutters VRT813O Navigator point-the-bit with 8 blades and 13mm oval cutters VTD616GNX TOUGH-DRILL Bit with 6 blades, less than 6 nozzles, premium gage, and shock studs Cutter Size & Shape Second Digit Product Line Type First Digit Blade Count Second Digit Cutter Size & Shape Suffix Features Standard PDC Bit S - Steel Body RT - Navigator Point the bit 4 13 B - Box connection RP - Navigator Push the bit 5 16 T - Turbine Sleeve M - Navigator Steerable Motor 6 19 P - Power cutters (DR no longer exist) H - Hole Opening Bicenter 7 B - Lateral Jets and Oval Cutters 8 13O 2 G - Premium Gage CB - Core Bit 9 16O TD - Tough Drill 10 19O L - Lateral Jets N - Natural Diamond 11 23O N - Nozzle Pattern less than One Nozzle per Blade P - TSP 12 H - Nozzle Pattern in Excess of One Nozzle per Blade * 100 ** 300 W - Crown TSP *** 500 U - Up Drill / Back Ream X - Shock Studs Designates Round Cutters Designates Oval Cutters * Soft formation design (N and P product line) ** Medium formation design (N and P product line) *** Hard formation design (N and P product line) 4

7 C u t t i n g S t r u c t u r e F e a t u r e s F i x e d C u t t e r F e a t u r e s P Powercutters Varel s high-density Powercutter arrangement gives enhanced bit life through a variety of rock types without sacrificing ROP. The new Powercutter cutting structure provides extra exposure and cutter density on the critical shoulder area of the bit. Bits can now achieve maximum rates of penetration through one rock formation and then continue to penetrate harder sand or limestone beds without excessive wear or damage e.g. interbedded formations. W Crown TSP Thermally Stable Polycrystalline diamond material is beneficially placed behind PDC cutters to improve bit stability with a grooving effect. A unique wear pattern is created increasing PDC cutter indentation as the cutter wears down. U Up Drill / Back Ream When directional drilling hole wall sloughing, keyseating, or severe dog legs can occur requiring action. The updrill feature allows hole wall cleaning as you ream the well bore eliminating problems. X Shock Studs Shock Studs limit drill bit vibration and increase stability. When drilling conditions cause a vibration, Shock Studs make contact with the formation to help restore the bit s normal smooth cutting action. Smooth cutting action increases cutter life and overall bit performance. 5

8 F i x e d C u t t e r F e a t u r e s G a g e F e a t u r e s T Turbine Sleeve Turbine sleeves can be customized to specific lengths and diameters to match each individual requirement. Sleeves are designed so the junk slots match the bit junk slots eliminating intersections, making the design hydraulically efficient. Gage protection on the sleeve can also be matched to the customer s need. G Premium Gage Premium gage protection is designed to insure that correct hole diameter is maintained. A variety of gage configurations exists. The premium gage consists of Thermally Stable Polycrystalline diamond rounds, Tungsten Carbide bricks and PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) cutters. The number of pre-flat PDC cutters in the gage is the only option with this feature. H y d r a u l i c s O p t i o n s L Lateral Jet Nozzles Varel bits can use highly angled lateral nozzles located near the center of the bit in combination with traditional nozzles to create cross flow hydraulics. This cross flow optimizes hydraulic energy, cooling and cleaning of the cutters, enhanced chip removal, efficiently sweeping cuttings away from the bit face into the annulus. This hydraulic configuration promotes faster ROP and reduces cutter wear for longer bit life. 6

9 F i x e d C u t t e r F e a t u r e s S Steel Body Steel body drill bit designs are typically used in applications where open-faced hydraulics and aggressive cutting structures are required. They can provide for faster penetrating bits than conventional matrix designs. O t h e r F e a t u r e s B Box Connection Box connections are most commonly used in conjunction with a turbine sleeve so that crossover subs are not required when connecting to turbines, RSS and other downhole tools. H y d r a u l i c s O p t i o n s N Nozzle Pattern With the N feature, a bit will have less than one nozzle per blade. The number of nozzles will be determined by the application or bit design. Typical nozzle pattern is one nozzle per blade. H Nozzle Pattern With the H feature, a bit will have more than one nozzle per blade. The number of nozzles will be determined by the application or bit design. Typical nozzle pattern is one nozzle per blade. 7

10 T O U G H - D R I L L B i t s Varel s TOUGH-DRILL PDC bits are designed for hard rock applications. Due to their improved stabilization characteristics, these bits address the ROP and durability challenges experienced when drilling hard and/or abrasive formations. TOUGH-DRILL bits combine advanced cutting structure layouts, high performance PDC cutters and superior hydraulic configurations to ensure ROP and durability improvements. Through their comprehensive engineering and development process, TOUGH-DRILL bits reduce impact damage, improve cleaning and cutter cooling efficiencies. The high abrasion resistant cutters used in TOUGH-DRILL bits drastically minimize cutter wear. Our performance continues to validate our claims. Shown: 8 3/4 VTD616PG Hydraulics As part of the product development process, TOUGH-DRILL bits go through elaborate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) evaluations. CFD eliminates re-grinding and re-circulation of drilled cuttings, a common occurrence when drilling hard and abrasive applications. In addition, possible stagnation zones are identified and eliminated. This sophisticated process improves cleaning efficiency, cutter cooling and ROP. 8

11 TOUGH-DRILL Ava i l a b i l i t y: 3 ¼ to 18 ½ (88.9 mm to mm) In Mat r i x 8 ½ to 26 (215.9 mm to mm) In Steel Advanced Cutting Structure TOUGH-DRILL bits are developed using Varel s proprietary design software called SPOT. Using extensive single cutter tests and full scale bit tests in laboratory and field conditions, SPOT ensures cutting structure optimization for specific applications. SPOT models complete bit behavior in different rock types during a simulated drilling process. This tool also evaluates cutter wear as a result of friction and heat transfer. Using appropriate rock geology and mechanical properties, SPOT also performs sensitivity analysis for various drilling parameters (WOB and RPM) to evaluate their effects on ROP, cutter wear, bit vibrations and footage drilled. Using SPOT improves the ROP and increases the footage drilled of each TOUGH-DRILL bit. High Performance Cutters Application-specific PDC cutters incorporating advanced carbide interface geometries (CIG) and materials technologies are used in TOUGH-DRILL bits. The carbide interface geometries are modeled using finite element analysis (FEA) to minimize damaging residual stresses (axial, hoop and radial) improving impact resistance and extending cutter life, resulting in improved bit life. Diamond grades are then selected, analyzed and prepared to maximize abrasion resistance (see chart on page 3). Powercutter Cutting Structure Varel s high-density Powercutter arrangement gives enhanced bit life when drilling a variety of rock types without sacrificing ROP. The new Powercutter cutting structure provides extra exposure and cutter density on the critical shoulder area of the bit. Bits can now achieve maximum rates of penetration through one rock formation and then continue to penetrate harder sand or limestone beds without excessive wear or damage e.g. interbedded formations. 9

12 N a v i g a t o r B i t s Varel s Navigator bits are engineered specifically for directional wells. Each bit is custom designed to a specific directional profile for a given application. Varel believes that the bit is the most important factor affecting directional drilling success. Therefore, a bit s ability to achieve a given well bore objective relies upon two key design factors: steerability and directional behavior. Varel s Navigator bits possess the key design elements affecting bit steerability and directional behavior helping you achieve your drilling objectives. The bit design process for Navigator bits utilizes GeoScience, SPOT and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). GeoScience is Varel s proprietary mechanical rock properties model that utilizes well logs. Output information from GeoScience is fed into the design process through SPOT, Varel s proprietary design software, allowing bit designers to accurately model bit dynamics. The CFD program examines the nozzle orientation for optimum bit and hole bottom cleaning. By taking all these parameters into account we fine tune the bit design for the application, making it the most effective solution for your directional application. Shown: 6 1/8 MNS65 Active Gage Cutters Push-the-bit systems require active gage designs. Navigator bits are designed to shear the formation laterally when high side forces are applied by this system. O-Ring Studs Additional matrix material in the shape of an o-ring is placed directly behind specific cutters. This additional material helps manage the torque generated by modern steerable systems while maintaining orientation for increased ROP and reduced sliding time. Updrill Feature When drilling a directional well, such negative outcomes like hole wall sloughing, keyseating, or severe dog legs can occur. Varel s updrill feature allows hole wall cleaning as you ream the well bore helping eliminate such problems. 10

13 N av i g at o r Ava i l a b i l i t y: 6 to 17 ½ (152.4 mm to mm) In Mat r i x Hydraulics Navigator bits go through elaborate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) evaluations to identify and eliminate possible stagnation zones. During this process, bit and bottom hole cleaning are optimized to enhance bit performance. Nozzle orientation is also examined to insure borehole quality for steerability purposes. This sophisticated process improves cleaning efficiency, cutter cooling and ROP. Advanced Cutting Structure Navigator bits use Varel s proprietary software called SPOT. Using extensive single cutter tests and full scale bit tests in laboratory and field conditions, SPOT ensures cutting structure optimization for specific applications. SPOT models complete bit behavior in different rock types during a simulated drilling process. Additionally, this tool evaluates cutter wear as a result of friction and heat transfer. Using appropriate rock geology and mechanical properties, SPOT also performs sensitivity analysis for various drilling parameters (WOB and RPM) to evaluate their effects on ROP, cutter wear, bit vibrations and footage drilled. Using SPOT improves the ROP and increases the footage drilled of each Navigator bit. High Performance Cutters Application-specific PDC cutters incorporating advanced carbide interface geometries (CIG) and materials technologies are used in TOUGH-DRILL bits. The carbide interface geometries are modeled using finite element analysis (FEA) to minimize damaging residual stresses (axial, hoop and radial) improving impact resistance and extending cutter life, resulting in improved bit life. Diamond grades are then selected, analyzed and prepared to maximize abrasion resistance (see chart on page 3). 11

14 V B S e r i e s B i t s Varel s VB product line is a premium line of matrix bits featuring two very unique features oval cutters and lateral hydraulic jet nozzles. The VB series is designed to provide better ROP and longer life than bits designed only with conventional round cutters and hydraulic package. The oval cutter provides more diamond exposure than a round cutter sharing the same diamond width. The sharper tip profile of the oval cutter produces higher point loading, converting applied weight more efficiently than a round cutter, thereby increasing ROP. The lateral jet nozzles, located near the center of the bit, provide greater efficiencies directing flow across the face of the bit for optimal cleaning and cooling of cutters. Lateral nozzles, in combination with conventional nozzles, produce higher ROP and increased bit life. As part of the product development process, all Varel bits utilize Computational Fluid Dynamics evaluations. Shown: 8 1/2 VB616 Lateral Jet Nozzles VB bits use lateral jet nozzles located near the center of the bit. These nozzles are oriented in such a way that, when combined with traditional nozzles, create cross flow hydraulics. This cross flow optimizes hydraulic energy, cooling and cleaning of the cutters, enhanced chip removal and efficiently sweeps cuttings away from the bit face into the annulus. This hydraulic configuration promotes faster ROP and reduces cutter wear for longer bit life. 12

15 VB Series Ava i l a b i l i t y: 6 to 17 ½ (152.4 mm to mm) In Mat r i x Oval Cutter The unique oval cutter design delivers 42% more diamond exposure than a round cutter of the same width. Because of its unique shape, the increased exposure provides more footage drilled and improved bit life helping lower your cost per foot. Additionally, the oval cutter design produces higher point loading converting applied weight on bit more efficiently and dulling with a smaller wear flat than a round cutter of the same width. Oval Cutter Advantage Center line A Round cutter Exposure B Oval cutter Exposure Additional drilling capacity = 42% Powercutter Cutting Structure Varel s high-density Powercutter arrangement gives enhanced bit life when drilling a variety of rock types without sacrificing ROP. The new Powercutter cutting structure provides extra exposure and cutter density on the critical shoulder area of the bit. Bits can now achieve maximum rates of penetration through one rock formation and then continue to penetrate harder sand or limestone beds without excessive wear or damage e.g. interbedded formations. Advanced Cutting Structure VB bits are developed using Varel s proprietary design software called SPOT. Using extensive single cutter tests and full scale bit tests in laboratory and field conditions, SPOT ensures cutting structure optimization for specific applications. SPOT models complete bit behavior in different rock types during a simulated drilling process. In addition, it evaluates cutter wear as a result of friction and heat transfer. Using appropriate rock geology and mechanical properties, SPOT also performs sensitivity analysis for various drilling parameters (i.e., weight on bit, WOB, and revolutions per minute, RPM) to evaluate their effects on ROP, cutter wear, bit vibrations and footage drilled. Using SPOT improves the ROP and increases the footage drilled of each VB bit. 13

16 H o l e O p e n i n g B i t s Varel s bi-center bits are designed to enlarge the well bore, drilling 15 to 25% larger than the pass through well bore in all types of PDC drillable formations. The bi-center bits are used to increase lateral diameter, to replace under reaming, to help control trouble zones, and for expandable tubulars. The matrix material construction resists erosion and abrasion found when drilling oilfield applications. The one-piece design shortens the overall bit length for better directional control. Varel bi-center bits also have an innovative force balanced cutting structure which minimizes cutter and casing damage when drilling out. Additionally, Varel s unique design minimizes bit vibrations often experienced with conventional hole opening tools thereby resulting in longer downhole tool life and reduced drilling costs. One-Piece Construction Varel s unique design, shortens the overall bit length for better directional control and eliminates the need to have a connection and weld between the pilot bit and the reamer section of the bi-center. The one piece construction also allows for optimal hydraulic configuration with pilot and reamer blade alignment, optimizing cuttings removal and improving ROP. Hydraulic Design Nozzle placement, pilot bit and reamer blade alignment provide a direct flow path to the annulus. The junk slot area is maintained or increased, resulting in no decrease in fluid velocity and improved cuttings removal between the pilot and reamer. Shown: 7 1/2 x 8 1/2 VH813 Spiraled Blades Varel s bi-center bits are designed with spiral blades to provide better contact with the casing during drill out. Spiral blades stabilize the bit ensuring less damage to the casing and resulting in better well bore quality. The drill-out feature, designed for Varel s bi-center bit, was recently awarded a Woelfel Best Mechanical Engineering Achievement Merit Award. The annual award, sponsored by American Society of Mechanical Engineers - International Petroleum Institute Petroleum Division (ASME-IPTI), recognizes a product or system that demonstrates a practical solution to an engineering challenge in offshore technology. 14

17 Hole Openers Availability: 3 ¾ x 4 1 / 8 to 14 ¾ x 17 ½ (95.25 mm x mm to mm x mm) In Matrix Bicenter Drillling Cement Inside the Casing Bicenter in Formation Cutting Structure Drill Out Feature Varel s Casing Saver Design cutting structure feature provides a reliable drill out mode while protecting the cutting structure inside the casing. Because of the bi-center bits unique application, the bit design is not symmetrical. When drilling out from casing, the bit rotates on the casing centerline and not the bit centerline. This off center rotation of conventional bits can cause damage to cutters located near the center of the pilot bit. This cutter damage is due to backward rotation of cutters located between the bit centerline and the casing centerline in the pilot bit. However, Varel has repositioned cutters between the two centerlines in the nose of the pilot bit. Our design minimizes the possibility of cutter damage while inside the casing in drill out mode. As the bit transitions to formation drilling the cutters begin to rotate normally about the bit centerline and cut the formation. This small but unique design philosophy prevents cutter damage when drilling out allowing efficient rock cutter interaction during formation drilling. Force Balancing During the design process, the pilot and reamer cutting structure are force balanced as a single unit. This provides increased drilling efficiencies in both vertical and deviated wells. Improved ROP, increased durability and better directional control are all benefits of Varel s force balancing. Casing Saver Design Pilot bit design, spiral blades, non contact gage cutters and casing saver technology all result in minimal casing damage during drill out. 15

18 S p e c i a l t y B i t s : N a t u r a l D i a m o n d, T S P a n d C o r e B i t s Specialty Bits Varel offers a variety of bits and core bits manufactured with natural diamond, Thermally Stable Polycrystalline (TSP) and Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) materials, available for specific drilling applications. All designs are available in matrix with size availability ranging from 4 to 17 ½ (101.6 mm to mm). Shown: 6 x 2 5 /8 C320 For additional details, please contact your Varel representative. Shown: 6 VN300 Shown: 8 1 /2 VN300 Shown: 8 3 /8 VP300 Shown: 8 1 /2 VP500 Shown: 6 x 2 5 /8 C400 Shown: 8 3 /8 VN300 Shown: 12 1 /4 x 5 1 /4 CK58 Shown: 6 x 2 5 /8 CK571 Shown: 5 1 /2 x 6 VHP300 16

19 N o z z l e Series 55 & 65, Makeup torque G a g e Diameter Tolerances D i a m o n d Drill Bit & PDC Bit Connection R e f e r e n c e Diameter in. 9/32 10/32 11/32 12/32 13/32 14/32 15/32 16/32 17/32 18/32 mm Diameter in. 9/32 10/32 11/32 12/32 13/32 14/32 15/32 16/32 17/32 18/32 19/32 20/32 21/32 22/32 mm Diameter in. 3-3/4 to 4-1/2" 4-5/8 to 4-7/8" 5 to 7-1/4" 7-1/2 to 9-1/4" 9-7/8 to 14-1/2" 14-3/4 to 18-1/2" API Connection in. 2-3/8" REG 2-7/8" REG 3-1/2" REG 4-1/2" REG 6-5/8" REG 7-5/8" REG Recommended Torque ft./lbs Diamond Drilling, Diamond Core, and PDC Bit Tolerances Bit Size, OD in. 6 3/4 and smaller 6 25/32 to 9 inclusive 9 1/32 to 13 3/4 inclusive 13 25/32 to 17 1/2 inclusive 17 17/32 and larger OD Tolerances in. mm Size of Bit in. Size & Style of Rotary Pin Connection Bit Sub Bevel Dia.^a inches +/- 1/64 millimeters +/ Bit Bevel Dia. ^a inches +/- 1/64 millimeters +/ to 2.24 inclusive 1 reg^b to 3.49 inclusive 1 1/2 reg^c to 4.5 inclusive 2 3/8 reg /32 to 5 inclusive 2 7/8 reg 3 39/ / /32 to 7 3/8 inclusive 3 1/2 reg 4 7/ / /32 to 9 3/8 inclusive 4 1/2 reg 5 21/ / /32 to 14 1/2 inclusive 6 5/8 reg 7 23/ / /16 to 18 1/2 inclusive 6 5/8 reg or 7 5/8 reg 7 23/64 or 8 15/ or /64 or 8 1/ or /16 and larger 7 5/8 reg or 8 5/8 reg 8 15/32 or 9 35/ or /2 or 9 37/ or

20 R e f e r e n c e N o z z l e T o t a l F l o w A r e a Nozzle Flow Area (square inches) Nozzle Size 1 Nozzle 2 Nozzles 3 Nozzles 4 Nozzles 5 Nozzles 6 Nozzles 7 Nozzles 8 Nozzles 9 Nozzles 10 Nozzles 7/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

21 19

22 R e f e r e n c e D r i l l C o l l a r W e i g h t s 3 3/ /4 4 1/2 4 3/ /4 5 1/2 5 3/ /4 6 1/2 6 3/ /4 7 1/2 7 3/ /4 8 1/2 8 3/ /4 9 1/2 9 3/ /4 10 1/2 10 3/ /4 1 1/ / Pounds-Per-Foot (Bold) Pounds-Per-30 Foot Collar Weights per foot rounded off to nearest pound. Weights per 30 foot collar rounded off to nearest 10 pounds 2 1/ / / / / / /

23 A P I C o n v e r s i o n T a b l e s R e f e r e n c e FROM TO MULTIPLY BY Equations Used in Hydraulic Calculations: 1. Annular Velocity Barrels Cubic Centimeters Cubic Centimeters Cubic Centimeters Cubic Centimeters Cubic Centimeters Cubic Feet Cubic Feet Cubic Feet Cubic Feet Cubic Feet Cubic Inches Cubic Inches Cubic Inches Cubic Inches Cubic Inches Cubic Meters Cubic Meters Cubic Meters Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Pounds Tons (metric) Tons (metric) VOLUME Gallons Cubic Feet Cubic Inches Cubic Meters Gallons Liters Cubic Centimeters Cubic Inches Cubic Meters Gallons Liters Cubic Centimeters Cubic Feet Cubic Meters Gallons Liters Cubic Centimeters Cubic Feet Gallons Barrels Cubic Centimeters Cubic Feet Cubic Inches Cubic Meters Liters MASS Tons (metric) Pounds Kilograms x x x x x x x Surface Equipment Pressure Losses Type Equipment C Drill Stem Bore Pressure Losses 4. Jet Nozzle Pressure Losses 5. Annular Pressure Losses 6. Jet Velocity 7. Jet Impact Force 8. Hydraulic Horsepower Nomenclature: Q = Circulation Rate (gpm) Dh = Diameter of Hole (in) Dp = Diameter of Pipe O.D. (in) V = Annular Velocity (ft/min) r = Mud Weight (lb/gal) C = Friction Factor P = Pressure (psi) L = Length (ft) A h = Area of Nozzle (in 2 ) P = Pressure Drop (psi) V h = Jet Velocity (ft/sec) I f = Jet Impact Force (lbf) HHp = Hydraulic Horsepower (hp) d = Inside Diameter (in) 21

24 World Headquarters Dallas, Texas USA Tel: Tel: Fax: Western Hemisphere Western United States Fort Worth, Texas USA Tel: Tel: Fax: Odessa, Texas USA Tel: Tel: Fax: Gulf Coast & South Texas Houston, Texas USA Tel: Tel: Fax: Lafayette, Louisana USA Tel: Fax: Mid-Continent & Rockies Oklahoma City, Oklahoma USA Tel: Tel: Fax: Southeastern United States Flint, Texas USA Tel: Fax: Canada c/o Pendemak Industries Edmonton, Alberta Canada Tel: Tel: Fax: Eastern Hemisphere Africa Hassi-Messaoud, Algeria Tel: Fax: Cairo, Egypt Tel: Asia/Pacific Booragoon, WA Australia Tel: Fax: Balikpapan, Indonesia Tel: Fax: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: Fax: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Tel: Fax: Europe Pau, France Tel: Fax: Den Helder, The Netherlands Tel: Fax: Middle East Muttrah, Oman Tel: Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: Fax: Doha, Qatar Tel: Fax: Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia Tel: Fax: Abu Dhabi, UAE Tel: Fax: Dubai, UAE Tel: Fax: United Kingdom Aberdeen, Scotland, UK Tel: Fax: For other regions, contact Varel s world headquarters or info@varelintl.com. MKTG 12A w w w. va r e l i n t l. c o m