Process Vessel Internal Corrosion Management Solutions. David Blackwell Engineering Director

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1 Process Vessel Internal Corrosion Management Solutions David Blackwell Engineering Director

2 Content: Why think about lining a vessel? Erosion/corrosion management strategies Organic lining solutions Organic composite Solutions Conclusions

3 Why Vessel Lining? Limitations of Conventional Materials of Construction Carbon steel Overlaid carbon steel Stainless steel Duplex steels Corrosion Galvanic Pitting Crevice SCC Bacterial

4 Erosion/Corrosion Management Strategies Corrosion Allowance Weight, design life, root cause Metal Cladding / Weld Overlay Weight, cost, availability, chemical resistance Cathodic / Anodic Protection Cost effectiveness, reliability Internal Lining Reliability, application quality, resilience

5 Material Selection Separator Vessel Specification ID S/S 3.6 m 18 m Operating temperature 80.3 C Operating pressure 2.6 Barg Design temperature 144 C Carbon steel + Cladding 316 Carbon steel + Cladding 625 Material Investment ( ) Steel Lining Total 140,000 N/A 140, ,000 N/A 373,000 Design pressure 16 Barg Vessel weight 45 t Vessel internal area 234 m 2 Carbon steel shell + Belzona lining ,000 46, ,600

6 Material Selection Material Investment ( ) Steel Lining Total Carbon steel shell + Belzona lining ,000 46, ,600 Combination of Belzona 1391/5892 Linings 74,000 20,168 94,168

7 Lining vs Cladding Finger Type Slug Catcher: Large surface area 5100 m³ volume capacity Operating Conditions CO 2, H 2 S, Chlorides Design Life - 25 years Corrosion Management Options at FEED stage (CAPEX + OPEX): - Option 1: Carbon Steel construction + 6 mm Corrosion Allowance + Internal Lining for the majority (Belzona 1591) - Option 2: Carbon steel alloy 625 Clad Other parameters: 5 year entry interval and maintenance required to remove black powder and internal/external coating inspection & repair operations

8 Lining vs Cladding Component Option 1 Option 2 CapEx USD 57.1 million USD million OpEx (External inspection) USD 2.0 million USD 2.0 million OpEx (Clean out) USD 3.0 million USD 3.0 million OpEx (Maintenance) USD 0.75 million - Total USD 62.9 million USD million Ultimately the difference in capital expenditure between the two options far outweighs the estimated difference in total operational expenditure.

9 HT HP Service Considerations for the Selection of a Non Metallic Lining Design and operating temperature & pressure Fluid composition Presence of acid gases ( H 2 S and CO 2 ) Erosion from solids content Shutdown procedures Chemical treatment Thermal gradient across the lining Thermal shock situations

10 Internal Lining Reliability Prequalification Tests Adhesion on to steel Heat resistance Dry and wet (immersed) Resistance to rapid decompression Thermal cycling Erosion resistance Chemical resistance Resistance to cathodic disbondment Edge retention and flexibility (pipeline coatings)

11 Application Quality - Delivering the Solution: Risk Control Systems Vessel design Internal lining material selection Applicator quality control Application quality control Inspection plan and design life

12 Organic Lining Solutions

13 Case Study, Beryl Alpha Platform North Sea, UK, 1998 Oil and gas test separator

14 Beryl Alpha Platform Separator Coated in 1998 inspected 2006

15 Innovations in Organic Linings Spray friendly Abrasion Resistant Linings Spray friendly Reduced wear to piston Reduced wear to tip Belzona 1331 Belzona 1381 Erosion resistant Sliding abrasion Impact abrasion

16 Innovations in Organic Linings Spray friendly Abrasion Resistant Linings Full immersion service at ambient and 95 C Outstanding erosion resistance Negligible wear to spray equipment Suitable for brush and spray application Excellent corrosion and chemical resistance

17 Application Example Total Elgin, UK North Sea - Newly Fabricated Discharge Caisson Design life of the caisson 35 years Belzona 1381 applied as 2 x 1000 microns to maximise the longevity of the internal lining

18 Innovations in Organic Linings High Temperature Immersion Linings: Belzona 1523, Belzona 1593 Two coat application without frost blasting Greatly improved flexibility Light colours for ease of inspection in dark vessels Film thickness testable, spark testable Excellent chemical resistance Maximum overcoat window up to 24 hours Good cure at ambient temperature - post curing normally occurs in service

19 Composite Solutions for Protecting Small Bore Nozzles and Flange Faces

20 Problems with Internal Corrosion Small Nozzles and Flange Faces Loss of containment and replacement could have been prevented by using a composite solution.

21 Nozzle Insert Technology

22 Small Bore Nozzle Protection System

23 Corrosion Protection Small Bore Nozzle Inserts Belzona 1111 insert Belzona coating grade used to bond in Belzona insert

24 Flange Face Forming

25 Belzona Flange Face Protection System

26 Flange Repair Kit Flanges to repair Operating pressure and temperature ANSI 300#, STD, 40, 80, 120, 160, XXS 2 XS, 3 XS, 4 XS ANSI 300# rated RF flange faces operating at 120 o C 248 o F or below

27 Flange Face Forming Testing Tested in 2003 and 2015 Flange face forming has been tested in detail over the years both internally and externally Test Number Belzona External Product Wood Group Specification Testing Sheet Nominal Tested By Tested pressure Test Comments Bolt Pressure Torque (Bar) Schedule Flange size(bar) Target pressure Temperature ( C) Pressure achieved ft lbs 1500# OIS Limited 8 30 barg (start) minutes soft gasket Thickness Compressive Strength (Yield) Cure Temperature 30 barg (end) 15 No Leaks in (6.0 mm) Motherwell Bridge 90.3 Mpa 81 barg (start) Inspection Limited Mpa 81 barg (end) Motherwell Bridge 160 barg (start) 0.12 in (3.0 mm) Mpa Inspection Limited Mpa 159 barg (end) C 30 minutes 121 C Soft gasket no leaks 30 minutes 20 C 121 C Spiral gasket, No leaks

28 Application Example High Temperature Immersion Linings Desulphurisation unit Reboiler Natural Gas Purification Plant Belzona 1511 and Belzona 1593 The vessel operates at 150 C (302 F) and 1.6 MPa (232 psi) pressure. The amine media, rich in H2S, is extremely corrosive.

29 Inspection after 2 years High Temperature Immersion Linings Desulphurisation unit Reboiler Natural Gas Purification Plant Belzona 1511 and Belzona 1593 The vessel operates at 150 C (302 F) and 1.6 MPa (232 psi) pressure. The amine media, rich in H2S, is extremely corrosive.

30 Conclusions

31 Process Vessel Internal Erosion/Corrosion Management with Internal Organic Linings: Low Risk High Value Solutions Qualified materials Trained and validated application team QC procedures Design life inspection plan ong Term Protection of Assets

32 Process Vessel Internal Corrosion Management Solutions Opportunities in the North Sea?