INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH UNPROCESSED STEEL SLAG IN CONCRETE

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1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September October, pp IAEME: Journal Impact Factor (2013): (Calculated by GISI) IJCIET IAEME PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH UNPROCESSED STEEL SLAG IN CONCRETE Amena.I.Tamboli 1, Dr. S.B.Shinde 2 1 P.G. Student Dept. of Civil, Engineering, J.N.E.C., Aurangabad, (M.S.) India. 2 H.O.D Civil, Engineering, J.N.E.C., Aurangabad, (M.S.) India. ABSTRACT Concrete is an inherently sustainable material. It use resources that are abundantly available and generally has a relatively small environmental footprints. Traditional concrete consist of Portland cement, aggregates and water. So utilizing a recovered industrial waste material such as steel slag for replacing a portion of Portland cement in concrete can substantially reduce the environmental footprints of concrete. The present research study investigates the different properties of locally available steel slag, a by-product obtained in the conversion process of iron to steel and utilizing this steel slag in concrete by replacing it partially with the cement keeping other parameters constant. Compressive strength and flexural strength on M20 grade of concrete with 0.5 water/cement ratio were investigated. Steel slag replacement 0%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 30%, 35% are used. The best results for compressive strength was obtained at 20% and for flexural strength at 10% of replacement of cement with steel slag in concrete was obtained. Thus use of steel slag in concrete could enhance the strength in concrete. Key Words: Unprocessed Steel Slag, Cement, Concrete, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength. INTRODUCTION At present many steel plant are being set up across the globe causing a huge production of solid waste material like slag. Steel plants in India generates about 29 million tones of waste material annually, and 50 million tone worldwide. Now most of the industrial slag are being used without taking full advantage of their properties or thrown off rather than used. In accordance to chemical and mineral composition of the slag, these steel slag have cementatious and/or pozolonic property and can be potentially used as a main constituent of cement[1]. Slag causes reduction in porosity of soil as well as permeability of soil thus causing water logging problem. The disposing of these material will have negative impact on environment. Steel 55

2 slag is industrial waste resulting from steel refining plants in conversion process. Owing to the large production, the research work for the last 30 years have shown that 65% of steel slag used today is for qualified fields of application. But remaining 35% of slag is still dumped.[2 ]. As a more active approach, slag can be used in the production of composite material of strength value 42.5 to 32.5 EN 197. The slag present in concrete satisfy physical properties which slows down the hydration of blended cement due to morphology and low calcium silicate content.[3]. Thus steel slag can be used in conventional concrete to improve its mechanical, chemical and physical properties. MATERIAL PROPERTIES INVESTIGATE 1 Nominal Max.Size of coarse aggregate 20 mm 2 Slump range (Medium) mm IS (Pg.02) 3 Finness Modulus Of Fine Aggregate 2.88 Confirming to zone II (IS ) 4 Finness Modulus Of Coarse Aggregate 5.12 Confirming to zone II (IS ) 5 Specific Gravity Of Fine Aggregate Specific Gravity Of Steel Slag Cement Specific Gravity Of Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity Of Cement Water Absorption of fine aggregates 4.7 % 10 Water Absorption of coarse aggregates 1.65 % 11 Water Absorption of steel slag 4.6 % PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL SLAG EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM Materials used in this study were OPC 53 grade cement confirming to IS 8112 and fine aggregate and coarse aggregate confirming to IS The cement and aggregate were tested to fulfill the IS requirements. Designed concrete mix of M-20 grade having mix proportion 1:1.90:2.96 with w/c ratio 0.5 same for different percentages of steel slag 0% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% were used in concrete. The concrete ingredients namely, cement, steel slag, and course aggregate were first mixed in the dry state and water was added last. Beams of size 700x150x150mm for flexural strength and Cubes of size 150x150x150 mm for compressive strength were casted. The replacement of cement by steel slag in concrete was done at 0%, 10%, 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% by weight of cement. In flexural test, beams where subjected to two point loading. 56

3 All the samples were cured for 14 days to 28 days. For each batch of slag percentage replacement, 6 specimens were cast. Details of the experimental investigation of effect of different percentages replacement of cement by steel slag is given below. Test conducted UTM (universal testing machine) was used as a test set up for carrying out all the test on hardened concrete. The test was carried out for finding the flexural strengths and compressive strengths. A standard test procedure is followed for each test and strength performance of hardened concrete is studied. Compressive strength This strength was accounted by placing the cubes of size 150x150x150 mm on UTM. as shown in figure1. The Compressive strength calculated by formula fcu = P/A Where fcu =compressive strength of cube, MPa or N/mm 2 P = Compressive load at failure, N A = area of loading face of cube, mm 2 The Compressive strength results are shown in table4: Fig1: Test arrangement for Compressive Test 57

4 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Sr.no. % slag Table 4. (Compressive strength) Compressive Compressive strength at 14 days (N/mm 2 strength at 28 days ) (N/mm 2 ) % 14 days 28 days Compressive strength (N/mm 2) V/S replacement percentage of steel slag Flexural strength For determining this strength each specimen of size 700 mm X 150 mmm X 150 mm was supported over a span of 600 mm and a two point load was applied at the centre of span as shown in figure 1. The deflection of the beam under the load was recorded up to the first crack. All the beams were loaded up to failure. Fig.2 Arrangement for Loading of Flexure Test Specimen 58

5 The flexural strength is calculated by the formula (From IS ) Where, 2 f b = Flexural strength, MPa or N/mm b = measured width in mm of the specimen, d = measured depth in mm of the specimen at the point of failure, l = length in mm of the span on which the specimen was supported, and p = maximum load in N applied to the specimen. The flexural strength results are given in table 5: % 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 28 dayz 14days 14days 28 dayz. Flexural strength (N/mm 2) V/S replacement percentage of steel slag Table 5. (Flexural Strength) Sr.no. Slag % Flexural strength at 14 days (N/mm 2 ) Flexural strength at 28 days (N/mm 2 )

6 TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compressive strength Results of compressive strength represent that, at 28 days, with a replacing percentage of steel slag as 20%, we found 21% increase in compressive strength as compared to 0% replacement. That is the compressive strength at 20% is 1.21 times more than that of 0% replacement. Flexural Strength The average flexural strength of Steel slag concrete at the age of 14 days and 28 days is shown in Table 5 Results shows that at 28 days, with a replacing percentage of steel slag as 10%, we got 12% increase in strength than that of 0% replacement. That is at 10% we got an increase of 1.12 times in strength as compared to 0% value. CONCLUSION Following are the conclusions drawn from the above research work 1. we can conclude that, at 20 % replacement of cement with unprocessed steel slag gives desirable compressive strength 2. At 10% of replacement of cement with unprocessed steel slag gives desirable flexural strength which can be can accounted for the construction practices. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank the Management, Principal, Head of Civil Engineering Department and staff of Jawaharlal Nehru engineering College, Aurangabad and Authorities of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University for their support. The authors express their deep and sincere thanks to Dr.S.B Shinde (Department of Civil Engineering, JNEC Aurangabad) for her tremendous support and valuable guidance from time to time. REFERENCES 1. Properties and hydration of blended cement with steel making slag by Hellenic research center Ltd, Heracle group, 15K Patile,14123 lykoverisssi, Athens, Greece. (9 march 2007). 2. A. Altun, I. Yilmaz, Study on steel furnace slag with high magnesium oxide as an additive in Portland cement, cement and concrete research 32 (8)(2002). 3. C.Shi,J.Qian, High performance cementing material from steel slag a review, resources, conservation and recycling 29(3) (2000) Characteristis of Portland cement pastes with high replacements of slag by A.M.Radwan, E.A.El- Alfi, and R.M.Osman. National research center, Dohki,Egypt. (3march 2012) 5. Chan WWJ.CML Wu2000. Durability of concrete with high cement replacement cement concrete research 30(6): Oner.A and Akyuz.S 2007 An experimental study of optimum usage of GGBS for the compressive strength of concrete. 7. Riyaz Khan and Prof.S.B.Shinde, Effect of Unprocessed Steel Slag on the Strength of Concrete when used as Fine Aggregate, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp , ISSN Print: , ISSN Online: D.B.Mohite and S.B.Shinde, Experimental Investigation on Effect of Different Shaped Steel Fibers on Flexural Strength of High Strength Concrete, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp , ISSN Print: , ISSN Online: