ution Preventipn mj!&tae Finuhcng

Transcription

1 ALTERNATIVE METAL FINISHES

2 ..1 a.., ution Preventipn mj!&tae Finuhcng Pollution Prevention Alternatives for Selected Toxic Electroplating Processes Common Electroplating Applications Automotive (piston rings. air bag sensors) m Medical (surgical andmonitoringequipmcntj Militan (harsh cnvironment equipnientj Marine environments Other manufacturin: (dics. molds. fixtures) Functional and Decorative Important Physical and Chemical Properties of Electroplated Materials Corrosion TCSIC~O~CE WCU WSlSlanCE Chcmicd rcsistiiiicc Lubricity Parositv B llcill rcsisiilncc tlarrlncrs B Conductibil) Fatigue Adhesion 1

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4 CrO, ControlIPrevention lechniques Other Opponunilies Work practice standards m Fiber-bed mist eliminators: Polypropylene balls: 68-81% efficiency Trivalent reformulation: 99.5 % vs. C P for decorative plating 4

5 Top 25 Most Common Metal Finishes Based on NCMSINAMR I994 Survey Chromium Electroplating Alternatives CAA MACT Timctable Initial Notification: 7/24/95 Compliance Deadlines: Decorati\,r Plating - IRY96 Hard Chromium - 1/25/97 CrO, ControllPrevention Technjques As Ouliincd in M A 0 Packcd-hcd scrubhers (sct) 9T.e elf,cicnc> fix ilccoiiiiic mid iliitdi>.iiif %":a b r hard chrome Composite mcsh pads,with recycle >w?& cmcicncy Fume suppressants on bath.wvb cmcicn, Foam blnnkci - ow inch iiiiniimiirii Wciiinp qcnir. mn rwlacc 1cnsion 24 dgncu'cm

6 Trivalent Cr Decorative Altemative t!lql Cr-3 not carcinogen Lower current densities I/5lhtotal Crreleases Lcsr misting Eliminates 2-stage treatment h Visually darker finish Moresensitive bath More expensive bath Still rcgulated heavy metnl Other Available Chromium Plating Alternatives 8 Low Phosphorous Electroless Nickel 8 Physical Vapor Deposition 8 Chromium Frce Aluminum Trealments Emerging Technologies for. Hard Chromium Plating B Nichel-l'unEst~n-Silicon Carbide Plating 8 Nickcl-'l'ungstcn-Doron Alloy 8 Metal Spray - HVOF Techniqiies 5

7 Alternatives to Cyanide Plating Non-Cyanide Copper Plating and Stripping -Alkaline non-cyanide solutions -Commercially available for coating steel, brass, Icad-tin alloys, zinc die casts, zincated aluminum -Rackorbanel plated -FonnuIas Nnrntly proprietary Alternatives to Cyanide Plating Non-Cyanide Copper Plating fhx Eliminnlc risk of HCN Reducer soil and complcxily of IrtmnC", Morc n ~~iml ph bath Fsrirr plaline speed Q!&L Not widely wed Double energy requirement Cod biih filirrtion requimd Nom cos1ty bath formulation Alternatives to Cadmiutn Plating %incl%inc hllo? Eiucrioplatin~ -Zinc-nickel and zini.-coh.i!t iurrno!mion; -Acid aiid alkaline bdtns coiiiiiicrula! a\:iikth!c -Well Jcrcloprd histofi :n Jlipxi - Similar corrosion rcsistancc to Cd._ -

8 EcQL Alternatives to Cadmium Plating Zinc!Zinc Alloy Electroplating Similar skill IWCI r q m d Qm Cd luhricily no1 maiched Eliminatcr Cd and CK ' Flighcr elccliical relislmcs Similar conmion rsiismse Requires SISMC~ parif Laryc capitd cxpcnsc~ for acid bath ~~OCCSECI Alternatives Cadmium Plating Ion Vapor Deposition of Aluminum i i I i i i -Aluminum isevaporatcdbr ionizedbefore deposition -1VD is psribmicd is vacuum camberwiih argon gas -Usedon mrict? dsieel and composilesubstrales -Cm nutpaiom Cd coaling- comsinn. embrittlem'l -Commonl? used hy Dcpr ofdcfensecontractors Lo\\ Technology Approaches Applicahlc IO \k;~cicwaier and Kcsiduals 8 Eslnhlicliing Uasciillcs 8 L)Pagoul ~C.dUCl10~~ m H'utcr Conservation 8 Bath blnintenancc 8 Dragout Mana_eemenl

9 Water Conservation Through Improved Rinsing Efficiency 1Ptrccnt Shops Urine Tci-lmiquci 8 Counter current 8 Airagitaledrinsing tinsing (68%) (58%) Reactive rinsing and walcrreuse (23%) 8 Flow rcsvic~o~s (700,o) 8 Condu;livity CO~ITOIS Tumoflualveswhen (16%) not in use (66%)

10 Dragout Management Recycle Method (Return to process) Armorphcnc Evaporation Ion Exchange Elcclrodialysi% Recycle Method won-return methods) Elscirol)+c Rrsovcry SolutiodSIudge Rccovcry with Om-Sits Manapcment Waiir Exchaiiyer. Shaping the Future Of Metal Finishes..,... 9