Critical Raw Materials Innovation Network. April 2013, Dr Claire Claessen

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1 Critical Raw Materials Innovation Network April 2013, Dr Claire Claessen

2 9.5 billion people expected to live on the planet by billion more middle-class consumers forecast in the global economy by 2030

3 Concentration of critical minerals EU Raw Materials Initiative, June 2010

4 Endangered Elements Chuquicamata mine, Chile As much gold in 1 tonne of computer scrap as in 17 tonnes of gold ore Concentration of platinum in the dust on the streets of Birmingham is higher than in the ore it came from More copper above the ground in use that left in viable supplies Rh mining generates 30,000 kgco 2 per kg

5 Newman iron ore mine, Pilbara, Australia Google Earth

6 Secondary Metals

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8 Elements in a Mobile Phone Roughly 40 different elements H, Li, Be, C, N, O, F, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Br, Sr, Y, Zr, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Ba, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi, Nd. mobile phone weighing 100 grams, contains 13.7 g of copper g of silver g of gold g of palladium Source: Basel Convention, 2006; Lindholm (Nokia report), 2003

9 Approaches

10 CRM_InnoNet Critical Raw Materials Innovation Network Towards an integrated community driving innovation in the field of critical raw material substitution for the benefit of EU industry.

11 CRM_InnoNet Critical Raw Materials Innovation Network Towards an integrated community driving innovation in the field of critical raw material substitution for the benefit of EU industry.

12 CRM_InnoNet Critical Raw Materials Innovation Network Towards an integrated community driving innovation in the field of critical raw material substitution for the benefit of EU industry.

13 CRM_InnoNet Critical Raw Materials Innovation Network Towards an integrated community driving innovation in the field of critical raw material substitution for the benefit of EU industry.

14 80% of senior executives from global manufacturing companies cite mineral and metals scarcity as a pressing issue (PWC, Dec 2011) 67% see this evolving into an area of opportunity, including the possibility of adopting alternative approaches or substitutes (PWC, Dec 2011)

15 EU Raw Materials Initiative, June 2010 EU Critical Raw Materials

16 EU Critical Raw Materials Critical Raw Materials at EU level Antimony Beryllium Cobalt Fluorspar Gallium Germanium Graphite Indium Magnesium Niobium Platinum Group Metals (Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru, Os) Rare Earths (Y, Sc, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) Tantalum Tungsten EU Raw Materials Initiative, June 2010

17 What is substitution? Substance for Substance Process for Process Service for Product New Technology for Substance

18 Substance for Substance Nexeon, UK Graphite used as anode in rechargeable batteries Modified form of silicon matches graphite advantages with higher energy density Rio Tinto, Borax Antimony oxide used as smoke suppressant in PVC manufacture Replace with Firebrake ZB (zinc borate)

19 Substance for new technology Nanoco Rare earths in displays for ICT Quantum dots in organic polymer LEDs NEDO, Japan Rare earths used heavily in electric and hybrid vehicles (Prius uses 1 kg Nd) Developing a hydbrid motor that is rare earth free

20 Consortium

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22 Materials Application

23 Bottom-up material-led approach Top-down application-led approach

24 Economic value to the EU Position of EU in the value chain Amount of CRM used in application Expected evolution with time Currently available substitutes? Status of substitution activities

25 Substitution strategies for CRM in priority sectors and applications To 2030 (by exception to 2050) Technical and Non-technical barriers

26 Current Policies International learnings Success criteria for substitution Vision Political requirements

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28 Value chain mapping: Energy Transport ICT and Energy Sept 2013 May 2014 Jan 2015 April 2015 Oct 2014

29 Value chain mapping: Energy Transport ICT and Energy Sept 2013 May 2014 Jan 2015 April 2015 Oct nd Innovation Network Workshop

30 Value chain mapping: Energy Transport ICT and Energy Roadmap Workshops Sept 2013 May 2014 Jan 2015 April 2015 Oct nd Innovation Network Workshop

31 Value chain mapping: Energy Transport ICT and Energy Roadmap Workshops Sept 2013 May 2014 Jan 2015 April 2015 Oct nd Innovation Network Workshop Policy Workshops

32 Value chain mapping: Energy Transport ICT and Energy Roadmap Workshops 3 rd Innovation Network Workshop & Project Conference Sept 2013 May 2014 Jan 2015 April 2015 Oct nd Innovation Network Workshop Policy Workshops

33 Project Website

34 CRM_InnoNet Key Contacts General Enquiries: Value chain mapping: Transport Conny Haraldsson Energy Aymeric Brunot Daniela Velte ICT and Electronics Ulla-Maija Mroeuh Materials mapping: Luis Tercero Pablo Tello

35 It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change. Charles Darwin