Unit 3 Earth Materials

Transcription

1 Unit 3 Earth Materials (35 hrs 10 weeks) Minerals, Rocks, Rock Cycle, Rock Classification

2 Unit 3 Outline: 1. Mineral Chemistry 2. Minerals > Core lab 3 mineral id and specific gravity Mineral quiz 3. Rock cycle 4. Igneous rocks > Core lab 4 part 1 igneous rocks 5. STSE Diamonds and formation Igneous rocks quiz 6. Sedimentary rocks > Core lab 4 part 2 sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks quiz 7. Metamorphic rocks > Core lab 4 part 3 metamorphic rocks 8. Unit test

3 Atoms basic building blocks of nonliving matter Ions atoms that have gained an electrical charge Elements contains 1 type of element (P T) Compound molecules have atoms from at least 2 different elements. are either ionic or covalent or metallic

4 Chemical Formulas for Minerals Be able to identify the elements present in the chemical formulas of common minerals. Names and symbols of elements found in common minerals: 1 Chlorine Cl 2 Calcium Ca 3 Carbon C 4 Aluminum Al 5 Copper Cu 6 Cobalt Co 7 Fluorine F 8 Gold Au 9 ydrogen 10 Iron Fe 11 Lead Pb 12 Magnesium Mg 3 Oxygen O 14 Nitrogen N 15 Nickel Ni 16 Manganese Mn 17 Silicon Si 18 Sodium Na 19 Silver Ag 20 Potassium K 21 Sulfur S 22 Tin Sn 23 Zinc Zn

5 Sub atomic particles that make up an atom include: 1 Proton positively charged particle located in the nucleus. 2 Neutron particle located in the nucleus with no charge. 3 Nucleus central portion of an atom that comprises the majority of the atoms mass.bit has both protons and neutrons. 4 Electron negatively charged particle located in the surrounding energy levels. 5 Energy Level shells that surround the nucleus that contain the electrons.

6 Nucleus holds n and p + Energy levels hold e Atomic number indicates the number of charged particles of each type Atomic mass indicates the total number or particles in the nucleus

7 Metal atom Vs. Non- Metal atom Metal: An element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity Found on the LEFT side of the staircase Examples: Gold, Magnesium, Sodium Vs! Non Metal: An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity Found on the RIGT side of the staircase Examples: Carbon, ydrogen, Chlorine

8 1 ydrogen 3 4 Li Na K Be Lithium Beryllium Mg Sodium Magnesium Ca Potassium Calcium Sc Scandium Ti Titanium V Cr Mn Vanadium Chromium Manganese Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc B Al Ga C Si Ge N P As O Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus S Sulfur Se F Cl Chlorine Br 2 e elium Ne Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Ar Argon Kr Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rb Sr Rubidium Strontium Y Yttrium Zr Zirconium Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium In Sn Sb Te I Xe Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Cs Ba Cesium Barium La Lanthanum f afnium Ta W Re Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Os Osmium Ir Pt Au g Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Fr Francium Ra Radium Ac Rf Db Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Sg Seaborgium Bh s Mt Bohrium assium Meitnerium Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy o Er Tm Yb Lu Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium olmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Cf Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Es Fm Md No Lr Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

9 Metals and Non- Metals in compounds You can have a mixture of metal and non metal elements in your compounds: 3 major groups of compounds: 1. Ionic compounds Metal and non-metal 2. Covalent compounds Non- metal and non-metal 3. Metallic compounds Metal and metal

10 Ionic Vs. Covalent Ionic Bond: A metal and a non metal compound bond between elements = Give or Take electrons Create Ionic compounds form when metals lose electrons to nonmetals and create oppositely charged ions which attract one another. forms ionic compounds with an orderly arrangement of oppositely charged ions in a definite ratio that provides overall electric neutrality form crystals Ex. alide minerals (NaCl)

11 Covalent Bonding Covalent bond Molecular compounds (Molecules): A non metal and non metal compound Valence electrons are either shared or transferred to get a stable configuration of 8 e like the Noble Gases (Octet Rule) Ex. O 2, 2 O **SiO 4 **often hybrid bonding

12 mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015

13 Metallic Bonding Valence e are free to migrate from one ion to another and act like electrical glue Common in metals like Au, Ag, Al, Cu Accounts for high degree of electrical conductivity in metals

14 Ionic or Covalent? Na Cl O C O O N O Zn O C C C Ionic Covalent

15 1 ydrogen 3 4 Li Na K Be Lithium Beryllium Mg Sodium Magnesium Ca Potassium Calcium Sc Scandium Ti Titanium V Cr Mn Vanadium Chromium Manganese Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc B Al Ga C Si Ge N P As O Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus S Sulfur Se F Cl Chlorine Br 2 e elium Ne Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Ar Argon Kr Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rb Sr Rubidium Strontium Y Yttrium Zr Zirconium Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium In Sn Sb Te I Xe Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Cs Ba Cesium Barium La Lanthanum f afnium Ta W Re Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Os Osmium Ir Pt Au g Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Fr Francium Ra Radium Ac Rf Db Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Sg Seaborgium Bh s Mt Bohrium assium Meitnerium Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy o Er Tm Yb Lu Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium olmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Cf Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Es Fm Md No Lr Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

16 Common Elements in Earth s crust. There are over 100 known elements, but only 8 of them make up over 98.5% of the earths crust by mass. 1 Oxygen 46.6% 2 Silicon 27.7% 3 Aluminum 8.1% 4 Iron 5.0% 5 Calcium 3.6% 6 Sodium 2.8% 7 Potassium 2.6% 8 Magnesium 2.1%

17 Common Elements in Earth s crust. Mnemonic Device See table 2.3 pg. 44 Focus on the first letter of each word: Ottawa Senators Are Insane Calgary Should Play Montreal * In the order of most common on earth to least ** Know the most common elements

18 Conclusions? 1. Know basic Chemical terms 2. Identify diagrams and/or graphics of each type of compound. 3. Know the abundance of elements on Earth

19 Practice Q`s

20 Attachments 1206Attendance.xlsx