Progress on Design and R&D of CN Solid Breeder TBM

Transcription

1 FTP/3-5Ra Progress on Design and R&D of CN Solid Breeder TBM K.M. Feng, G.S. Zhang, T.Y. Luo, Z. Zhao, Y.J. Chen, X.F. Ye, G. Hu, P.H. Wang. T. Yuan, Y.J. Feng, B. Xiang, L. Zhang, Q.J. Wang, Q.X. Cao, F.Wang, Z.X. Li, and Chinese HCSB TBM team Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.R. China OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. Progress on Updated Design 3. Progress on Relevant R&D 4. Test and Delivery Plan 5. Summary 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference October 2010, Daejeon, Republic of Korea 1/10

2 1. Introduction ITER is an unique opportunity to test tritium breeding blanket mock-ups in an integrated tokamak operating conditions; Helium-cooled solid breeder (HCSB) test blanket module will be the primary option of the Chinese ITER TBM program; China has the position of Port Master (PM) in port number 2 and is leading the HCSB concept as the TBM Leader (TL). HCSB TBM will be tested at different phases of ITER operation; In order to reduce the effects of magnetic field ripple, the design was updated with reduced RAFM mass; Related R&D on key components, materials, fabrication and mock-up test have being implemented. 2/10

3 2. Description of HCSB TBM Design A series of the Chinese HCSB TBM design have been carried-out since 2004 within the space limitation and technical requirements specified by ITER. Main characteristics: - TBM structure: Sub-module arrangement - Structure material: RAFM (CLF-1); - Tritium breeder: Li 4 SiO 4 pebble bed, 80%Li-6 ; - Neutron multiplier: Be pebbles bed; - Coolant and purge gas: Helium gas - Coolant pressure: 8MPa - Coolant temperature: 300 O C(inlet) -500 O C (outlet) - Tritium production ratio (TPR): g/d Cross-section of SB 3-D View of CN HCSB TBM Assembly scheme of Sub-Modules 3/10

4 Updated Design of HCSB TBM for Reduction RAFM Mass Objectives of updated design: - to simplify Sub-module structure; - to reduce RAFM mass; - to improve TPR performance; 316SS Results shown: - The RAFM mass is reduced to 58% (from 1.6t to 726kg). - TPR is increased to 46% (from 0.051g/d to g/d). HCSB TBM Module TBM Sub-module arrangement Cross-section of SM Out let Out let Main modification: - Reduce radial dimension of the First Wall and sub-modules : - Radial dimension of FW is reduced to 35cm; - Radial dimension of sub-modules is reduced to 32cm; - Arrangement of pebble beds in sub-module is changed; - Using 316 SS instead of RAFM as structural materials for the back-plate and support plate. An optimized all RAFM design with reduced mass of 1.3t is on going. 316SS 316SS Exploded view of sub-module 4

5 3. Progress on R&D: (1) Structural Materials-CLF Consumable electrode furnace Two RAFM alloys are being developed in China; CLF and CLAM A 500kg of CLF-1 steel was recently produced by vacuum induction melting and electro-slag remelting method. The optimization of the melting technique for the larger ingots to ton- level is underway. Remelting facility plates and bars 5 Tensile strength of CLF-1 DBTT of CLF-1 500kg Ingot

6 (2) Ceramic Breeder Pebbles Two kinds of ceramic breeders (Li 4 SiO 4, Li 2 TiO 3 ) for TBM are being developed at different institutions in China; Lithium orthosilicate (Li 4 SiO 4 ) pebbles will be the primary option in the CN HCSB TBM. Ceramic breeder (Li 4 SiO 4 ) pebbles fabricated by melt spraying method have good sphericity, and high density. Ceramic breeder (Li 4 SiO 4 ) pebbles prepared by Freeze-sintering process have good mechanical properties (the average crush load is 50N) ; Li 2 TiO 3 Pebbles have good surface feature by using sol-gel method. Main properties (Li 4 SiO 4 ) by melt spraying method Relative density Li 4 SiO 4 phase content 90% 94% TD Closed porosity 0.72% Li 4 SiO 4 Pebbles (D=1mm) by metl spraying XRD pattern of Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles Li4SiO4 Pebbles (D=1mm) by freeze-sintering Open porosity 5.2 % Average crush load 7.0 N Specific surface area m 2 /g Li 4 SiO 4 Pebbles (D=1mm) by extrusion sintering 6 Li 2 TiO 3 Pebbles (D=1mm)@CAEP

7 Main chemical composition of Chinese Be 1# Chinese VHP-Be (3) Fabrication of Be Pebbles Be BeO% Al C Fe Mg Si Other metallic elements 1# 99% <0.04 Be metal of high performance was developed in China ; Be pebbles have been produced by Rotating Electrode Process (REP) method in China. Related performance tests are on going. A new project to develop higher quality Be pebbles in China is being implemented for the ITER project. Chemical Composition of Be pebble Be (wt%) 98.3 BeO (wt%) 1.67 Al (ppm) 235 Si (ppm) 18 Mn (ppm) 58 Mg (ppm) 10 Co (ppm) 10 Sample of Be Pebbles(D=1mm) Be Pebbles (D=1mm) Micrographs of Be Pebbles (D=1mm) REP Facility Be electrode by VHP-Be 7/10

8 (4) Construction of Helium Coolant Test Loop The construction of a small He Test Loop to validate circulator technology will be completed soon. - The He test loop has two impellers. It uses aerostatic bearings to avoid oil lubricating. Main parameters of circulator design Parameters Maximum flow rate /kg -1 s Inlet pressure /MPa Maximum pressure head /MPa He inlet/outlet temperature / Circulator ~ ~50/65 Flow diagram of small He loop 3-D view of circulator Impeller of circulator A prototyped Helium Test Loop to validate TBM components and design is also to be built in SWIP. The circulator will use magnetic bearings. The flow rate will up to 1.3kg/s. Flow diagram of He Loop Layout of He Loop Cross-section view 8/10

9 (5) Fabrication Process of U-Shape U FW Fabrication of the U-Shaped first wall is ongoing; Two kinds of fabrication method will be considered; A small-sized mock-up (1:3) of FW and sub-modules using the RAFM steel (CLF-1) will be completed. Split Mill OR Weld Laser solid forming Bend Split Mill Weld 9

10 4. TBS R&D and Delivery Plan 1. CN HCSB TBS qualification activities Helium experimental loop (1:3) construction ( ) Preliminary design of CN TBM( ) Conceptual design of TBM Preliminary design of CN TBM Final design of CN TBM CN TBM testing and update design ( ) Prototype helium loop design & construction ( ) Large scale TBM mock-up tests ( ) 2. CN HCSB TBS delivery activities. Main components fabrication ( ) Final CN TBS design in ITER. Main components fabrication. TBS function tests (domestic). CN TBS delivery ( ) CN TBS acceptance tests in ITER site ( ) EM TBM delivery ( ) EM-TBM System acceptance tests( ) 3. EM-TBM will be installed in ITER port after the first plasma shutdown (2019) 9/10

11 5. Summary HCSB TBM with the Solid Breeder/Helium coolant/ RAFM material is the primary option of the Chinese TBM program. Updated design, current progress on R&D, test and delivery plan up to the installation in ITER (2019) are presented. Relevant R&D on key techniques for the HCSB TBM concept are supported by the Chinese ITER- DA domestic agency ( ), including: TBM optimization design and validation of technology; Fabrication of Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles and Be pebbles to kg level; Fabrication of structure material RAFM to ton level; Construction of High Heat Flux Test Facility (Power:400kW); Construction of small-scale and prototyped Helium Test Loop. Testing HCSB TBM on ITER will be implemented with the cooperation of domestic and international institutions and industries. 10/11

12 Mock-up Fabrication and Component Tests for Water Cooled Ceramic Breeder Test Blanket Module H. Tanigawa, T. Hirose, A Yoshikawa, Y. Seki, K. Yokoyama, K. Ezato, D. Tsuru, H. Nishi, S. Suzuki, M. Enoeda Blanket Technology Group, Japan Atomic Energy Agency FTP/3-5Rb OUTLINE 1. Introduce to WCCB TBM proposed by Japan; 2. Components of WCCB TBM and mock-ups fabrication; 3. Recent results of fabrication technology and function tests: - First Wall (FW) reported in FEC Side Wall (SW) - Assembly of FW and SW - Pebble bed container and Breeder pebble bed 4. Summary 1/9

13 WCCB TBM demonstrates functions required for DEMO blanket in ITER condition Demonstration of tritium production and electric power extraction RAFM(F82H) WCCB TBM proposed by Japan V.V. Power generator Water loop Pebble bed (Be) TCWS Vault Pebble bed (Li2TiO3) Purge gas loop TES Plasma side Armor (Be) ITER Cross Section Tritium building Japan has a position to - act as a Port Master and a TBM Leader to test the WCCB TBM, - participate as a Partner in HCPB/HCCB and LiPb-based TBMs. 2/9

14 Components and fabricated mock-ups First wall Side wall Pebble bed container 1.5 m Armor Back wall to be fabricated U-shaped FW WCCB TBM Assembly process FW/SB assembly SWs Pebble container Li2TiO3 pebble High heat flux test The first wall and the Side Wall have been assembled into an open box with five faces. The achieved technologies can be applied to the fabrication and the assembly of the TBM s components in the next stage. 1.5 m Fabricated WCCB TBM Mock-ups 1 m Be pebble 3/9

15 Real scale side wall was fabricated by drilling and plugging Fabrication procedure F82H plate of 30mm T Drill 7 branch channels of φ10 Drill 2 manifolds of φ23 Weld plugs to branch channels Cut SW to 1450 mm to fit FW φ10 mm 1450 mm L cooling channels were formed within 0.5 mm accuracy at the end of the drilled holes. Maximum length of 1700 mm is available. 400 φ10 channels φ23 manifolds branch mm pitch Side Wall dimension 30 mm thick F82H plate plugs These fabrication procedures and tests confirmed these fabrication technologies are applicable to the TBM Fabricated Side Wall with real scale 4/9

16 Water flow test validated the heat removal capability of the Side Wall mock-up is sufficient for the TBM conditions Based on results of the flow test, maximum temperature of F82H in the side wall was calculated under the TBM conditions. It shows that the present design and the fabrication process for the coolant path are acceptable for the heat removal requirements. Inlet Outlet Measurement Calculation (Linear) F lo w ra te (k g /s ) Observed flow rate distribution was within 15% of average flow rate Minimum required flow rate manifold parallel branch manifold channels Real scale side wall mockup Channel ID Result of flow distribution measurement 5/9

17 Real scale FW mockup and Side Walls were successfully assembled by EB welding to form a blanket box structure Fabrication procedure Weld FW to jig Trim FW and SWs to minimize gap Weld backing metals to FW EBW with single path in a normal position Remove jig Post weld heat treatment at 720 o C. Full scale mock-up of the FW and Side Wall with the cooling channel were prepared and assembled by EBW. SW FW Backing metal FW and SW welding SW FW SW U-sh a p e d FW jig FW/SW welding Full scale FW/SW assembly 6/9

18 Plate with Tube Welding The plate with thin tube welding technique was established for fabrication of membrane structure of pebble bed container The hardness testing was conducted on the partial test piece that was fabricated with same process OD11, 1t 1.5 The test showed that the heat-affected zone in the cooling tube was very limited. 28 Breeder pebble bed The leak test using helium gas of 0.5 MPa confirmed a gas tightness of the container. Cross-section of pebble bed container Fiber laser welding was employed to minimize heat affected zone. 1 m Side wall WCCB TBM Module pebble bed container 7/9

19 Li2TiO3 Pebble Packing Test Li2TiO3 pebbles were packed into the container and acceptable packing state is confirmed; The designed value of packing factor 67 % was confirmed by the packing test.; By the X-ray CT measurement, no deflection of the packing was confirmed. φ1 Li2TiO3 pebble packing test X-ray CT He purge gas flow test P.F. 67% Pressure drop in pebble bed (kpa) pebble bed empty box He flow rate (L/min) X-ray CT image of cross section of Pebble bed Pressure drop in breeder pebble bed 8/9

20 Summary Japan is the lead party of the WCCB TBM, which is the primary option of the Japanese TBM. The full-scale side wall mock-up was successfully fabricated, and the water flow test shown that the required water flow was obtained. The full scale First wall and Side wall assembly mock-up was successfully fabricated. The full-scale pebble bed container mock-up was successfully fabricated, and the packing test using Li2TiO3 pebbles confirmed that designed packing state can be obtained. The fabrication technology development is proceeding to R&D phase of the large scale mock-up fabrication and demonstration tests toward ITER TBM testing. 9/9

21 Thank you for your attention!