Bollards. & Mooring Systems A EUROTECH BENELUX COMPANY

Transcription

1 ollards & Mooring Systems EUROTECH ENELUX COMPNY

2 The QuayQuip approach QuayQuip is the specialist mooring division of Eurotech enelux V. It designs, makes and commissions engineered solutions for a vast range of marine and port construction applications. Every project makes full use of our collective expertise with steel, rubber and engineered plastics. QuayQuip uses the extensive resources available within the group, its sister businesses and other technical partners. The group enjoys access to over fifty engineers and specialists in disciplines which include: Fender design and applications engineering Mooring systems design Shiploader and bulk materials handling technology Structural analysis including advanced FE Steel fabrication, casting and forging production Materials experts Q/QC inspection and management systems Third party external design checks Projects undertaken by QuayQuip are professionally designed and managed. Customer satisfaction is our first priority and we live up to our hard-earned reputation for delivery quality, technology and value for money all backed by extended warranties. More about QuayQuip If you want to know more about QuayQuip s other product ranges, or read our latest news, please visit our website at fter registering you can download catalogues, product guides, our corporate brochure and useful utilities. Fenders English 4 Metric v2.2f EUROTECH ENELUX COMPNY Floating Structures EUROTECH ENELUX COMPNY Engineering the Future EUROTECH ENELUX COMPNY 2

3 Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools The QuayQuip Range Stronger nchors Load Fuse ollards Tricorn (ETG) T-Head K-Head T-Horn Pin, Recessed and Legacy types Mooring Travellers Shiphauling Systems ollard Materials Coatings Factors of Safety ollard Requirements Choosing ollards Line ngles Environmental Factors Design Codes Questionnaire Conversion Factors Calculation Sheet Notes Page Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools 3

4 The QuayQuip Range QuayQuip s bollard range has developed over the last 25 years into a comprehensive choice of standard and custom units to suit every application in newly built berths or upgrades. ll QuayQuip bollards incorporate the high quality materials, rigorous testing and inspection needed for safe, reliable mooring. Cast steel is the most popular material and comes with the option of Charpy testing for low temperature down to 40 C. QuayQuip bollards are also available in nodular (spheroidal graphite) or regular cast iron where this is still preferred. Tricorn bollards optionally include QuayQuip s unique load fuse (LF) technology a connection between the bollard s trunk and base that limits accidental overloads and protects the berth from structural damage. Tricorn T-Head T-Horn K-Head Capacity Range (kn) Cast Steel (EN/STM/S) Low Temperature ( 20 C) Low Temperature ( 40 C) Load Fuse ase Plates Nodular (SG) Cast Iron Cast Iron Vertical Line ngles ~ 70 Limited (~ 45 ) Limited (~ 45 ) Limited (~ 45 ) Horizontal Line ngles ~90 ~90 ~90 ~90 Surface Mountable Flush Mountable Customised ase Plates Existing nchor Retrofits Standard Optional 4

5 Stronger nchors QuayQuip ensure that every bollard anchor that we supply is right for the job. Undersized anchor plates, or simple welded-on plates or nuts, concentrate loads and can cause compressive failure in the surrounding concrete structure potentially leading to structural damage and the bollard being pulled free or entirely out. QuayQuip s carefully calculated designs use wide, thick anchor plates to safely distribute bollard loads into the surrounding concrete structure, as called for by the applicable standards. Load Fuse ollards load fuse helps protect structures against overload. Traditionally bollards have been installed using break-off bolts, which will fail above a certain load. ecause it is difficult to predict exactly how groups of fuse bolts will fail, QuayQuip offers new designs of bollard with single, integral load fuses. The bollard s base plate and head are joined by a load fuse (safety) weld, carefully calibrated to fail above a certain load. y contrast the explosive overload failure of ductile and cast iron bollards can be dangerous for people, structures and vessels. QuayQuip anchor plate Densolen wrapping ensures bolt pretensioning The large base plate distributes bolt tensile loads into the concrete. ollard with load fuse Consistent maximum load (±10%) Optional baseplate designs for custom or upgraded installations Small plate or nut-only Compressive failure in concrete Nut-only anchors concentrate loads locally, causing compressive failure. Traditional bollard Maximum load ±50% increases construction costs. Custom baseplates are usually harder to achieve due to the onepiece design. Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools 5

6 Tricorn ollards Ideal for any mooring, QuayQuip s unique, triplelobed Tricorn ollard (sometimes called an ETG ollard) provides more holding power than any other bollard in its class, even on line angles up to 70. Its generous trunk diameter reduces mooring line stresses. Integrated load fuses and capacities up to 2500kN are available. Load fuse (safety weld) option High holding power Low temperature materials option Standard or custom baseplates No anchor stresses Very high vertical line angles Capacity D E F H d T olts L S t 300kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M ll dimensions are in mm. ngles are in degrees. Please ask QuayQuip for a certified drawing with anchor details. Large diameter trunks are used for extra low mooring line stresses. nchor lengths are based on concrete quality C30/37. E E F E H d Standard T D Optional baseplates D L t S 6

7 T-Head ollards The QuayQuip T-Head ollard can handle line angles up to 45. ollard capacities of up to 2000kN are available. H D T High capacity Standard or custom baseplates Ideal for multipurpose berths Capacity W D E H G T olts C α 1 α 2 α 3 L S t 150kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M ll dimensions are in mm. ngles are in degrees. Please ask QuayQuip for a certified drawing with anchor details. nchor lengths are based on concrete quality C30/37. G E W L D S t C C α 1 α 1 α 2 α 2 5 bolts 6 bolts R C α 1 α 2 α 3 7 bolts 8 bolts α 3 R α 3 C α 1 α 2 R R Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools 7

8 T-Horn ollards T-Horn ollards accept multiple mooring lines from one or two vessels without interference, even at steep line angles. Lines from more than one vessel General purpose applications Steeper line angles than many types Capacity W D E H G T olts C α₁ α₂ α₃ L S t 150kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M ll dimensions are in mm. ngles are in degrees. Please ask QuayQuip for a certified drawing with anchor details. nchor lengths are based on concrete quality C30/37. E C 5 bolts 6 bolts C H α 1 α 1 G α 2 T α 2 R α 3 R W C 7 bolts D L α 1 α 2 t α 3 R S 8

9 K-Head ollards QuayQuip K-Head ollards are a popular, economical choice for applications with a single mooring line per bollard and with lower ranges of vertical line angle than Tricorn ollards. Suitable for general applications est at shallow line angles Ideal for warping Capacity W D E H G T olts C L S t ll dimensions are in mm. Please ask QuayQuip for a certified drawing with anchor details. nchor lengths are based on concrete quality C30/37. H D 150kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M kN M G T E W L C 5 bolts 4 bolts C 7 bolts Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools S t C 9

10 Recessed and Pin ollards Recessed and Pin type bollards are used for flush fitting, avoiding protrusions and hull damage. pplications include locks and waterways where bollards are placed at single or multiple levels for vessels to moor without help from shore-based crew. Modern and classic styles are available, with capacities from 40kN right up to 600kN. There are options for integral or separate anchorages, and replaceable or permanent mooring pins. Profiles units are made to suit all standard sheet pile sections. Custom designs and replacements for obsolete patterns are also available. Legacy Types Some regions and operators still prefer traditional multiple, high-profile or cleat bollard designs. QuayQuip recommends specifying more modern designs that offer a higher performance per weight, and present less risk of operator injury from lifting heavy lines over tall bollards. When legacy bollard designs are essential, QuayQuip can offer state-of-the-art materials and coatings to minimise maintenance and extend service life. 10

11 Mooring Travellers QuayQuip s Mooring Travellers allow for water level changes by replacing conventional moorings with units that rise and fall with the vessel, even with tensioned mooring lines. Hardened cast steel rails and other parts are highly durable: minimum service lives are typically 50 years. The bollard sits above a buoyant, wheeled bogie, guaranteeing that it always presents at a safe and convenient level for crew. Faster transits benefit lock and barge operators alike and save costs. Modular rails can be provided to any height. ollard capacities range from kN. Capacity and height above water will depend on the unique characteristics of each berth please ask QuayQuip about your requirements. Typical applications include locks, waterways, high tidal range berths, and fast ferry berths. Shiphauling Systems QuayQuip design and build a range of winches and capstans for warping and hauling vessels along berths. Winches can be deployed at each end of the berth with a rail and carriage system which acts as a mule to haul the vessel in either direction. The winches can incorporate a Leadscrew Levelwind System for even spooling of the cable onto the drum. Control options include simple foot switches or a dock-mounted consoles or handheld remote controls. Capstans are often installed on docks for hauling in messenger lines, and can also be used to haul small vessels over short distances. Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools 11

12 ollard Materials Cast Steel vs Cast and Ductile Cast Iron efore cast steel was readily available, bollards were made in different grades of cast or ductile cast iron. Most modern ports now recognise the great benefits of cast steel but it is important to understand the differences between the materials to appreciate the benefits and advantages of cast steel compared to any grade of cast or ductile cast iron. The main characteristics and benefits of cast steel, cast iron and ductile (SG) iron and grey iron, are defined below to help designers and specifiers of bollards make informed choices. Common ollard Materials Typical material properties of cast steel and cast and ductile cast iron are given in the table. These assume high grade raw materials, proper manufacturing processes, heat treatment where applicable and effective quality management. Stress QuayQuip are leaders in high performance castings for safety critical applications. Our skilled staff employ the best raw materials and strictest process controls. cast steel SG cast iron grey cast iron Strain Typical Properties* Cast Steel EN Cast Steel STM 27 Grade Yield Tensile Elongation (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (%) Charpy GE J at +20 C G20Mn J at -20 C N/ N/ N/ Cast Steel N/ Ductile (SG) Cast Iron EN-1563 EN-GJS N/ Grey Iron EN-GJL-300 EN-GJL-300 Undefined N/ * Properties given are typical values for each material grade based on prepared samples. Charpy testing is optional, and strongly recommended for low temperature applications. Charpy testing to lower temperatures is available on request. Factors of Safety Cast steel bollards are designed to a standard safety factor of 1.3 on the bollard material yield. The standard anchor safety factor is 1.5 on the anchor material yield. Designs generally follow these standards: S 6349 Part 2: [2010] Structural use of Steelwork S 5950: 2000 [S EN 1993] Marine Structures S 3990: 1993 Mechanical Equipment Design Coatings The table lists recommended standards and grades. Many others are available on request. Typical Properties Grade Standard Galvanised anchor bolts Grade 8.8 ISO 898 Paint Class C5M ISO Calculations to other factors of safety, regional standards or regulations can be provided on request. 12

13 ollard Requirements ollards are specified and selected for their ability to perform safely, under a range of conditions and over long periods with little if any maintenance. Some requirements depend on bollard shape, others on the material used. Cast steel is the most reliable. Many cast iron foundries lack the facilities to make consistently high quality ductile cast iron. Grey cast iron is not recommended for bollards. Requirement Grey Iron Ductile Iron (SG)* Cast Steel Load capacity Variable Fair Excellent Holding power Variable Fair Excellent Load fuse designs Not possible Not possible Most types Impact strength Poor Fair Excellent Low temperature rating rittle rittle 20 C (lower on request) Wear resistance Poor Poor Very good Fatigue resistance Poor Poor Excellent Corrosion resistance Excellent Excellent Excellent (painted) Long service life Variable Good Excellent Cost benefit Poor Fair Excellent * Ductile cast iron is also called Spheroidal Graphite (SG) Iron or Nodular Cast Iron Coatings Care must be taken to avoid damaging factory-applied coatings. C5M (ISO ) is recommended but other coatings are available on request. While single-piece bollards can be galvanised, we do not offer the finish for two-piece bollards. Coatings can be supplied in many other colours and thicknesses contact your Quayquip office. Wear and abrasion from mooring lines is continuous. QuayQuip recommends periodic repainting to protect bollards from corrosion. Cast steel bollards, which are the least prone to rust and corrosion, will need less frequent attention than bollards of less durable materials. Typical Coating Hempel Quattro Colour Thickness Coat 1 lack 150μm Coat 2 Red 150μm Coat 3 lack 200μm 500μm Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools 13

14 Choosing ollards Local regulations and accepted design standards must always be followed. Designers should take the following into account: Changes in draft Changes in water level Winds and currents Forces from swell, waves and currents Type and angle of mooring line Forces due to ice (where applicable) Mounting type Using load fuses to prevent structural overload Where mooring load information is not available, the Ship Size table can be used a guideline. Ship Size Displacement ollard rating (approx.) < 2, ,000 10, ,000 20, ,000 50, , , , , > 200, [Units: tonnes] dd at least 25% to the ratings above if strong currents, winds or other hazards are anticipated. Hazardous cargoes ollards are not recommended for use at berths that receive hazardous cargoes including oil, LNG, coal and other volatile substances. In these cases please speak to QuayQuip about our range of Quick Release Hooks. Line ngles ollard Spacing Design codes recommend that bollards are frequently placed at 15 30m intervals, often at the same spacing as fenders (either at the same point as fenders or midway). nother approximate guide is 15% of the length of the shortest ship. On continuous structures, this spacing may coincide with the centres between expansion joints. bollard after breast line spring lines after breast line storm bollard fender stern line head line max. freeboard min. freeboard low tide mean tide high tide low tide mean tide high tide We recommend that mooring line angles are considered during a full mooring simulation. Vertical line angles should be kept as low as possible. Horizontal angles are given relative to the ship s main axis. Head and stern lines 45 ±15 reast lines 90 ±30 Spring lines 5 10 Vertical line angle 25 Please refer to S6349: Part 4: 1994, ROM , and PINC guidelines. 14

15 Environmental Factors Designs must take into account many effects of the surrounding environment, such as current, tides, waves and wind. ll permutations of freeboard and ship sizes should also be considered. The forces induced by passing vessels, especially in narrow channels, can be stronger still. Software such as Optimoor is useful in some cases, but more advanced software is needed to model passing vessels and wave forces. The diagram indicates wind forces from different quarters against the vessel Design Codes Force on vessel quartering wind transverse force longitudinal force Direction of wind off bow quartering wind longitudinal force transverse force Ministry of Transport, Japan Technical Note No.911 Ship Dimensions of Design Ships under given Confidence Limits, 1999 PINC Report of PTC II-30 pproach Channels: Guide for Design (ppendix Typical Ship Dimensions, 1997 EU Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures, 2004 PINC Report of WG24 Criteria for Movements of Moored Ships in Harbours Practical Guide, 1995 S6349: Part 4 Code of Practice for Design of Fendering and Mooring Systems, 1994 ROM ctions in the Design of Maritime and Harbor Works, 1996 Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools 15

16 Calculations Project Client Title Ref. Signed Date Page 16 QuayQuip V, 2014 Eurotech QuayQuip enelux Company V, 2014

17 Notes Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools QuayQuip V, 2014 Eurotech QuayQuip enelux V, 2014 Company 17

18 Questionnaire Port Contact erth Company Country Tel Project New uild Upgrade Status Preliminary Detail Tender Web OLLRD TYPE Tricorn T-Head Horn Kidney Pillar Other/legacy Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity SWL SWL SWL SWL SWL SWL VESSELS Length Displacement Deadweight Length Displacement Deadweight L O L O LINE NGLES Max (degrees) Min (degrees) Max (degrees) Min (degrees) MOUNTING Flush mounted Surface bolted Flush Surface Flush Surface OTHER INFORMTION 18

19 Conversion Factors Distance rea Disclaimer m ft in 1 m = ft = in = m² ft² in² 1 m² = ft² = in² = ⁶ ³ 1 Volume m³ ft³ in³ 1 m³ = ft³ = in³ = ⁶ ⁶ 1 cceleration g m/s² ft/s² 1 g = m/s² = ft/s² = Force The content of this Catalogue is provided for information only and without responsibility. QuayQuip V make no representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness or timeliness of the information in this Catalogue. QuayQuip V may, in its sole discretion, revise the information contained herein at any time without notice. QuayQuip V s obligations and responsibilities regarding its products are governed solely by the agreements under which they are sold. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the information contained herein does not become part of these agreements. This Catalogue does not contain any guarantee or agreed quality of QuayQuip V products or any warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. QuayQuip V may make changes in the products or services described at any time without notice. This Catalogue is provided on an as is basis. To the extent permitted by law, QuayQuip V makes no warranty, express or implied, and assumes no liability in connection with the use of the information contained in this Catalogue. QuayQuip V is not liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential or punitive damages arising out of the use of this Catalogue. Information contained herein is not intended to announce product availability anywhere in the world. kn tonne-f kip-f 1 kn = tonne-f = kip-f = Energy kj tf-m kip-ft 1 kj = tf-m = kip-ft = Pressure kpa t/m² kip/ft² 1 kpa = t/m² = kip/ft² = Velocity m/s ft/s km/h knot 1 m/s = ft/s = km/h = knot = Intellectual Property The trademarks, service marks and logos (the Trademarks) displayed in this Catalogue are the property of QuayQuip V and/or its affiliates. Nothing in this Catalogue should be construed as granting any license or right to the Trademarks. Without the express written consent of QuayQuip V the use of the Trademarks is prohibited. ll text, images, graphics and other materials in this Catalogue are subject to the copyright and other intellectual property rights of QuayQuip V and/or its affiliates. QuayQuip V owns the copyrights in the selection, coordination and arrangement of the materials in this Catalogue. These materials may not be modified or copied for commercial use or distribution. Copyright 2014 QuayQuip V. ll rights reserved. Introduction ollards Mooring and Shiphauling Materials and Testing Technical Tools 19

20 EUROTECH ENELUX COMPNY English 4 Metric v Mooring Systems Fender Systems Floating Structures Port Furniture Castings Steel Fabrications Engineered Plastics Machine Parts HED OFFICE (NL) Sigarenmaker DJ Eersel P.O. ox Eersel The Netherlands Ph +31 (0) (NL) info@eurotechbenelux.com info@quayquip.com